José Guiomard dos Santos, better known as José Guiomard, (23 March 1907 – 15 March 1983) was a Brazilian soldier and politician in the state of

Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...

, where he served as governor and later as senator.

Biography

Guiomard was born in Perdigão, then a district of

Santo Antônio do Monte Santo Antônio do Monte ( Portuguese, ''St. Antony of the Hill'') is a municipality in the central part of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The population is 28,427 (2020 est.) in an area of 1125.78 km². The city is located 194 km west ...

in the state of

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 Brazilian census, 2022 census. Located in ...

. The son of José Batista dos Santos and Bárbara Guiomard dos Santos, he moved to

Barbacena Barbacena is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. As of 2020, the municipality had 138,204 inhabitants. The total area of the municipality is . Barbacena is known for its strong Italian influence. The Rodrigo Silva Colonial Nucl ...

, where he enrolled in military school. He would later move to the state of

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

, enrolling again in the

Military School of Realengo The Military School of Realengo () was the training institution for officers of the Brazilian Army from 1913 until its transfer to Resende in 1944, originating what is now the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras (AMAN). There began the formation of ...

in 1925 and afterwards in institutions such as the

Escola Politécnica da UFRJ The Polytechnic School of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: ''Escola Politécnica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro''), also called "''Poli''", founded in 1792, is the third oldest engineering school in the world and oldest i ...

, and the Technical Military School of the

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (, UFRJ) is a public university, public research university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest federal university in the country and is one of the Brazilian centers of excellence in teaching and r ...

, specialising in astronomy and

geodesy Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the Figure of the Earth, geometry, Gravity of Earth, gravity, and Earth's rotation, spatial orientation of the Earth in Relative change, temporally varying Three-dimensional spac ...

. Becoming an employee of the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

from 1934 to 1938, he was the subchief of the commission that established the geographical borders between Brazil, Paraguay, and Venezuela, becoming a member of the

Geographic and Historic Institute of Amazonas The Geographic and Historic Institute of Amazonas ( Portuguese: ''Instituto Geográfico e Histórico do Amazonas'' — IGHA), also known as the Bernardo Ramos' house (''Casa de Bernardo Ramos''), is a cultural institute focused on history and sc ...

, the Academia Acriana de Letras, and, when he moved to the state of

, also became a member of the Clube Militar, the Engineers' Club of Rio de Janeiro, and the Brazilian Geography Society. It was during this time that he became friends with

San Tiago Dantas Francisco Clementino San Tiago Dantas (August 30, 1911 – September 6, 1964) was a journalist, lawyer, teacher and congressman, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of João Goulart. He is considered one of the forerun ...

and became a member of the

Brazilian Integralist Action Brazilian Integralist Action ( Portuguese: ''Ação Integralista Brasileira'', AIB) was an integralist/fascist political party in Brazil. It was based upon the ideology of Brazilian Integralism as developed by its leader Plínio Salgado. Brazi ...

, and always maintained loyalty to integralist principles even after the creation of the Estado Novo regime. Before becoming involved in politics, he was a writer for ''

Correio Braziliense The ''Correio Braziliense'' (in English, ''Mail of Brasília'', after the archaic demonym) is a daily newspaper in Brazil. The paper was first published on 21 April 1960. Its founder is Assis Chateaubriand. The paper has its headquarters in Br ...

'', among other newspapers. He also wrote several books, among them ''Cinquentenário do Tratado de Petrópolis'', ''Mensagem do Acre'' and ''Territórios Federais, Grandezas e Misérias''. A columnist in the military schools he attended, he was an attorney in Ponta Porã Territory before affiliating with the PSD. He was the governor of the Federal Territory of Acre during the presidency of

Eurico Gaspar Dutra Eurico Gaspar Dutra (; 18 May 1883 – 11 June 1974) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the 16th president of Brazil from 1946 to 1951. He was the first president of the Fourth Brazilian Republic, which followed the V ...

, but later resigned from his seat to become a federal deputy, starting in 1950. As deputy, he developed a reputation as leading the opposition against and his fellow PTB members. During his time in the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourb ...

, he proposed the law that transformed Acre from a federal territory to a state, with the law passing in 1962. He was elected senator in 1962 and was a supporter of the fall of then-president

João Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart (; 1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the president of Brazil from 1961 until a military coup d'état deposed him in 1964. He was considered the ...

. He was later replaced by his substitute

José Kairala Kairala José Kairala (1 February 1924 – 4 December 1963) was a Brazilian politician who briefly served as a senator from the state of Acre (state), Acre in 1963. He served as a substitute for senator José Guiomard. He was killed at his last s ...

, but returned to the seat shortly afterwards after Kairala was assassinated. He was reelected in 1970 and 1978 as part of

ARENA An arena is a large enclosed venue, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, Music, musical performances or Sport, sporting events. It comprises a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for specta ...

, the latter term as a "bionic senator". With partisan reforms towards the end of the military dictatorship, he reaffiliated with the PDS. He later died during this term due to broncopneumonia. After Guiomard's death, the municipality of Quinari, the base of his political support, was renamed

Senador Guiomard Senador Guiomard ( or ) is a municipality located in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary unit ...

, and was succeeded in the senate by Altevir Leal. He was married to Lídia Hannes Guiomard dos Santos.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guiomard, José 1907 births 1983 deaths Deaths from bronchopneumonia Minas Gerais politicians Governors of Acre (state) Fascism in Brazil Brazilian fascists Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Acre Democratic Social Party politicians National Renewal Alliance politicians Brazilian Integralist Action politicians Far-right politics in Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro alumni Members of the Federal Senate (Brazil)