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Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)
The Social Democratic Party (, PSD) was a political party in Brazil between 1945 and 1965. It was founded by Getúlio Vargas when he transformed his Estado Novo into a multi-party system. The PSD was a centrist party which represented the more conservative wing of the Getulist movement. The other pro-Vargas party was the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). The PSD was the most important Brazilian political party during the 1945–1964 democratic period, electing Presidents Eurico Gaspar Dutra in 1945 and Juscelino Kubitschek in 1955. After the coup d'état in 1964, when military dictatorship kicked in, it was banned together with all other parties. The party relied on powerful networks of rural elites in the less-developed parts of the country. It was dominated by executives appointed by the Getúlio Vargas regime and was therefore strongly interwoven with the state apparatus. It was ideologically moderate, considered centrist by some scholars and conservative by others. The PSD' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nereu Ramos
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (; 3 September 1888 – 16 June 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. He briefly served as interim president of Brazil in the aftermath of the political crisis which culminated in the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas and the impeachment of Deputy Carlos Luz and President Café Filho. Biography Political career Ramos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 presidential elections were held for the office of president only, but the Constitution adopted on 18 September 1946 created the office of vice president, and established that the Constituent Assembly would choose the first vice president and swear him in, in the day following the promulgation of the Constitution. Nereu Ramos, until then a senator for Santa Catarina and a member of the Constituent Assembly, was elected vice president in that special election. In his capacity as Vice President of the Republic, Ramos served as President of the Senate. He served as the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-party System
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections. Multi-party systems tend to be more common in countries using proportional representation compared to those using winner-take-all elections, a result known as Duverger's law. In these countries, usually no single party has a parliamentary majority by itself ( hung parliaments). Instead, multiple political parties must negotiate to form a coalition with a majority of the vote, in order to make substantial changes. Comparisons with other party systems Unlike a one-party system (or a dominant-party system), a multi-party system encourages the general constituency to form multiple distinct, officially recognized groups, generally called political parties. Each party competes for votes from the enfranchised constituents (those allowed to vote). A multi-party system prevents the leadership of a single party fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Parties Of The Fourth Brazilian Republic
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social status, status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
União Democrática Ruralista
''União Democrática Ruralista'' (UDR), known as Democratic Association of Ruralists in English is a Brazilian right-wing association of farmers and activists from the southeast and center west who are opposed to land reform. Through its members in the Brazilian Congress, the UDR endorses landowner interests and opposes proposals in favour of an agrarian reform process. União Democrática Ruralista opposes land reform and expropriation under its former leader, Luiz Antonio Nabhan Garcia, a Brazilian farmer who went on to have a role in the Bolsonaro government. The organization was founded in 1985, following many expropriations of land in Brazil and remains active under its Brasília Brasília ( ; ) is the capital city, capital of Brazil and Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. Located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region, it was founded by President Juscelino ... based leadership. With tens of thousands of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Renewal Alliance Party
The National Renewal Alliance ( Portuguese: ''Aliança Renovadora Nacional'', ARENA) was a far-right political party that existed in Brazil between 1966 and 1979. It was the official party of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. ARENA was part of a two-party system enforced by the dictatorship instituted in 1966, where only it and the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) — the "consented opposition" — were allowed. In 1979, a multi-party system was reintroduced to Brazil, both MDB and ARENA were officially dissolved, and the Democratic Social Party (PDS) was founded as a continuation of ARENA. Soon thereafter, PDS had a split which saw the creation of the Liberal Front Party (PFL), current Brazil Union (UNIÃO), while PDS merged with the PDC in 1993 became the Reform Progressive Party (PPR), which became the current Progressives (PP) in 1995. History Until 1965, there were three main parties in Brazil: the populist Brazilian Labour Party (PTB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Military Government
The military dictatorship in Brazil (), occasionally referred to as the Fifth Brazilian Republic, was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against president João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative sectors in society, like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime, particularly after the Institutional Act No. 5 of 1968, practiced extensive censorship and committed human rights abuses. Those abuses included institutionalized torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. Despite initial pledges to the contrary, the military regime enacted a new, restrictive Constituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jânio Quadros
Jânio da Silva Quadros (; 25 January 1917 – 16 February 1992) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd president of Brazil from 31 January to 25 August 1961, when he resigned from office. He also served as the 24th and 36th mayor of São Paulo, and the 18th governor of the state of São Paulo. Quadros was known for his populist style of government and eccentric behavior. As president, he focused on economic reform and attempted to root out corruption. He also pursued an independent foreign policy, trying to balance Brazil's relations between the United States and the Eastern Bloc. Although he was elected by a huge margin, his term was marked by uncertainty and political instability, culminating in his resignation. That unexpected move caused a national crisis, with the presidency being assumed by João Goulart after the Legality Campaign. Early life Quadros was born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, on January 25, 1917, to Gabriel Quadros and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (; 1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the president of Brazil from 1961 until a military coup d'état deposed him in 1964. He was considered the last left-wing president of Brazil until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003. Name João Goulart was nicknamed Jango (), a common nickname for ''João'' in the south of Brazil. The Jânio Quadros–João Goulart presidential bid was thus called ''Jan–Jan'' (an amalgamation of Jânio and Jango). His childhood nickname was ''Janguinho'' (little Jango). Years later, when he entered politics, he was supported and advised by Getúlio Vargas, and his friends and colleagues started to call him Jango. In his informality and affection, Getúlio Vargas also called him ''Janguinho''. His grandfather, Belchior Rodrigues Goulart, descended from Portuguese immigrants from the Azores who arrived in Rio Grande do Sul in the second half o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies () is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta ( Republicanos- PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025. Structure The number of deputies elected is proportional to the size of the population of the respective state (or of the Federal District) as of 1994. However, no delegation can be made up of less than eight or more than seventy seats. Thus the least populous state elects eight federal deputies and the most populous elects seventy. These restrictions favour the smaller states at the expense of the more populous states and so the size of the delegations is not exactly proportional to population. Elections to the Chamber of Deputies are held every four years, with all seats up for election. Federal representation A census held every 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 Brazilian Coup D'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état () was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1, 1964, ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985). The coup took the form of a military rebellion, the declaration of 1964 vacancy in the Presidency of Brazil, vacancy in the presidency by the National Congress of Brazil, National Congress on April 2, the formation of a military junta (the Supreme Command of the Revolution) and the exile of the president on April 4. In his place, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), president of the Chamber of Deputies, took over until the 1964 Brazilian presidential election, election by Congress of general Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, one of the leaders of the coup. Democratically 1960 Brazilian presidential election, elected vice president in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juscelino Kubitschek
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (; 12 September 1902 – 22 August 1976), also known by his initials JK, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 21st president of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. Kubitschek's government plan, dubbed "50 years in 5", was centered on economic and social development. During Presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek, his term the country experienced a period of notable economic growth and relative political stability. However, there was also a significant increase in external debt, inflation, income concentration and wage erosion. At the time, there was no re-election and, on 31 January 1961, he was succeeded by Jânio Quadros, supported by the National Democratic Union (Brazil), UDN. Kubitschek is best known for the construction of Brazil's new capital: Brasília, which was inaugurated on 21 April 1960, replacing Rio de Janeiro. Kubitschek was born in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, in 1902. His father, João César de Oliveira, died w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
