José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, 6th Marquess of Montealegre de Aulestia and 5th of Casa-Dávila (26 February 1885 – 25 October 1944) was a

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

vian

lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact nature of a lawyer's work varies depending on the legal jurisdiction and the legal system, as w ...

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human species; as well as the ...

writer A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles, genres and techniques to communicate ideas, to inspire feelings and emotions, or to entertain. Writers may develop different forms of writing such as novels, short sto ...

essayist An essay ( ) is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a Letter (message), letter, a term paper, paper, an article (publishing), article, a pamphlet, and a s ...

and

politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...

who served as

Prime Minister of Peru A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...

and

Mayor of Lima The following is a list of mayors (''alcaldes'') of Lima since the city's foundation in 1535. Under Spanish rule, the city's '' cabildo'' was headed by an ''Alcalde ordinario''. Currently, the city's local government is under the jurisdiction ...

. He was a leading member of the so-called Generation of 900 (also known as the Arielist generation), a conservative ideological movement of the early 20th century that also included other important member of Peruvian society, such as

Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Diez Canseco (15 December 1883 – 14 December 1966) was a Peruvian diplomat, politician, philosopher and scholar. He chaired the 14th Session and the 4th Emergency Special Session of the President of the United Nations ...

Francisco García Calderón Rey Francisco García Calderón Rey (April 8, 1883 in Valparaíso, Chile – July 1, 1953 in Lima, Peru) was a Peruvian writer. He was son of Francisco García Calderón, President of Peru. Life Calderón was born into a wealthy and politically ...

Óscar Miró Quesada de la Guerra Óscar Miró Quesada de la Guerra (1884–1981) also known as Racso, was a prominent Peruvian scientific journalist. He was born in Lima on July 30, 1884 and died in 1981. He was the son of José Antonio Miró Quesada and Matilde de la Guerra G ...

and

José Gálvez Barrenechea José Gálvez Barrenechea (7 August 1885 – 8 February 1957) was a Peruvian poet, writer, journalist, university professor, and politician. He was Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Peru), Minister of Justice, Worship and Instruction (1931) ...

. He was a notable

polygraph A polygraph, often incorrectly referred to as a lie detector test, is a pseudoscientific device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a ...

and his works included treatises on

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the ar ...

literary history The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pie ...

, the

history of Peru The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest civilization ...

legal philosophy Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values ...

and religious thought, many of which have had great impact and fundamental influence on the development of

Peruvian culture Peruvians (''/peruanas'') are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 m ...

. His thought followed a changing trajectory, evolving from a youthful

liberalism Liberalism is a Political philosophy, political and moral philosophy based on the Individual rights, rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, the right to private property, and equality before the law. ...

to a severe

conservatism Conservatism is a Philosophy of culture, cultural, Social philosophy, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, Convention (norm), customs, and Value (ethics and social science ...

rooted in

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

. He did not marry or leave an inheritance, bequeathing most of his fortune (made up of agricultural estates and works of art) to the

Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (, PUCP) is a private university in Lima, Peru. It was founded in 1917 with the support and approval of the Catholic church, being the oldest private institution of higher learning in the country. The Peru ...

, thus becoming the main benefactor of the institution, which created the

Riva-Agüero Institute The Riva-Agüero Institute (, IRA) is an institute created in 1947 by the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, named after its benefactor, José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma. Located in the Casona Riva-Agüero of the historic centre of Lima, wher ...

three years after his death.

Early years

Riva-Agüero was born in

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

, the only child of José Carlos de la Riva-Agüero y Riglos and María de los Dolores de Osma y Sancho-Dávila, 5th Marquise of Montealegre de Aulestia. He was a grandson of José de la Riva-Agüero y Looz and a patrilineal descendant of José de la Riva-Agüero y Sánchez-Boquete, first

President of Peru The president of Peru (), officially the constitutional president of the Republic of Peru (), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the supreme head of the Peruvian Armed ...

, and the Princess Caroline-Arnoldine de Looz-Corswarem. He was educated at Recoleta Sacred Heart School and

University of San Marcos The National University of San Marcos (, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. In the Americas, it is the first officially established ( privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the oldest continu ...

, where he read

philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

human sciences Human science (or human sciences in the plural) studies the philosophical, biological, social, justice, and cultural aspects of human life. Human science aims to expand the understanding of the human world through a broad interdisciplinary appro ...

and

. While at San Marcos, he gained a reputation for academic excellence and

political activism Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived common good. Forms of activism range from mandate build ...

, and was part of the so-called Generation of 1900. He received a

Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...

degree and a

Doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...

degree in human sciences in 1905 and 1910, respectively, and a Bachelor of Arts in law in 1911. Riva-Agüero wrote his senior thesis on "History in Peru" (''La Historia en el Perú''), the earliest work of historiography to be written in Latin America. Eventually, he became a

lecturer Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. They may also conduct re ...

of history of Peru at San Marcos in 1910. In 1911, he published an article defending the issuance of an

amnesty Amnesty () is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet be ...

law for the

political prisoners A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity. The political offense is not always the official reason for the prisoner's detention. There is no internationally recognized legal definition of the concept, although ...

involved in the 1909

coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...

attempt against Augusto Leguía. Leguía's

Minister of the Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...

, Juan de Dios Salazar, ordered his arrest, which immediately provoked bitter university

protests A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate ...

and

demonstrations Demonstration may refer to: * Demonstration (acting), part of the Brechtian approach to acting * Demonstration (military), an attack or show of force on a front where a decision is not sought * Protest, a public act of objection, disapproval or d ...

that resulted in violent

political repression Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby ...

by the

National Gendarmerie The National Gendarmerie ( ) is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police (France), National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Minister ...

. This event was the first confrontation between university students and

police forces The police are a constituted body of people empowered by a state with the aim of enforcing the law and protecting the public order as well as the public itself. This commonly includes ensuring the safety, health, and possessions of citize ...

in the

. A few days after his imprisonment, he was released due to political pressure and the Minister resigned from his office. After a long journey through

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

, where he did

research Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to ...

in several archives and gave lectures in

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

, Riva-Agüero co-founded the moderate Democratic National Party in 1915 and supported the presidential candidature of the Civilista

José Pardo y Barreda José Simón Pardo y Barreda (February 24, 1864 – August 3, 1947) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 35th (1904–1908) and 39th (1915–1919) President of Peru. Biography Born in Lima, Peru, he was the son of Manuel Justo Pardo y L ...

in the April 1915 election.

Philip Rees Philip Rees (born 1941) is a British writer and librarian formerly in charge of acquisitions at the J. B. Morrell Library, University of York. He has written books on fascism and the extreme right. Works *'' Fascism in Britain'' (Harvester P ...

, ''

Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 The ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'' is a reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various far right movements since 1890. It contains entries for what the author regards as "the 500 major figures on the ...

'', 1990, p. 324 Around this time, he started a letter-writing relationship with his cousin, historian and journalist

Álvaro Alcalá-Galiano y Osma Álvaro Alcalá-Galiano y Osma (Madrid, 29 April 1886–28 July 1936) was a Spanish writer, literary critic, historian, and journalist, frequent contributor to newspaper ''ABC'' and magazine '. As a monarchist, he was influenced by Charles Maur ...

, whom he would have met in 1913. Immediately after Leguía's 1919 coup against Pardo, he wrote a

manifesto A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent ...

and went into voluntary exile in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

. During his first years in exile Riva-Agüero lived in

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

, then he moved to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

and later to

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, where spent the most part of the eleven years of the Leguía's Government. When his mother died in 1926, he succeeded her as Marquis of Montealegre de Aulestia and was legally

adopted Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from ...

by her maternal aunt Rosa Julia, 4th Marquise of Casa-Dávila, who later inherited him the

title A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be ins ...

and a large fortune. In exile, Riva-Agüero abandoned his moderate views and came into contact with the works of

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

rightist authors such as

Jacques Bainville Jacques Pierre Bainville (; 9 February 1879 – 9 February 1936) was a French historian and journalist. A geopolitical theorist, concerned by Franco-German relations, he was a leading figure in the monarchist ''Action Française''. As fascinated ...

and

Charles Maurras Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet and critic. He was an organiser and principal philosopher of ''Action Française'', a political movement that was monarchist, corporatis ...

and soon became a disciple of their ideas. Riva-Agüero would live in Europe until 1930.Sánchez 1975, p. 1228.

Public office

Riva-Agüero returned to Peru in August 1930 when a

military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...

led by

Commander Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many army, armies. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countri ...

Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (August 12, 1889 – April 30, 1933) was a high-ranking Peruvian army officer, revolutionary, nationalist and politician who served as the 41st President of Peru, from 1931 to 1933 as well as Interim President of P ...

overthrew Leguía's regime. In June 1931, he was elected as Director of the Institute of History at University of San Marcos, but resigned after just one month due to differences with the student government. Although he initially refused to take up any seat in the 1931 Constituent Assembly or otherwise participate in Sánchez Cerro's interim '' junta'', he supported the Commander's presidential candidature in the 1931 general election. In May that same year, he had been appointed

by the Samanez Ocampo's provisional government. As Mayor, he especially patronized cultural activities, but also had to deal with the 1931 telephone strike. After Sánchez Cerro's

assassination Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. Assassinations are orde ...

in 1933, the Assembly proclaimed

General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...

Óscar R. Benavides Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (March 15, 1876 – July 2, 1945) was a Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, and politician who served as the 38th (1914–1915, by coup d'état) and 42nd (1933–1939) President of Peru, with his latter term being ...

President of the Republic. In November 1933, Benavides appointed Riva-Agüero

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

and

. He appointed Commander A. Henriod to head the Ministry of Interior and advocated a policy of repression against the leftist APRA and the Communist Party. His political beliefs changed during his life, evolving from liberalism at his youth to a staunch conservatism rooted in Christianity. In the ''

'', he was listed as one of the leading figures of the

far right Far-right politics, often termed right-wing extremism, encompasses a range of ideologies that are marked by ultraconservatism, authoritarianism, ultranationalism, and Nativism (politics), nativism. This political spectrum situates itself on ...

in Peru.

Fascism

After his spell as Prime Minister Riva-Agüero moved further to the

right Rights are law, legal, social, or ethics, ethical principles of freedom or Entitlement (fair division), entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal sy ...

. He launched his own hard-line Catholic ''Acción Patriótica'' movement after the model of ''

Action Française ''Action Française'' (, AF; ) is a French far-right monarchist and nationalist political movement. The name was also given to a journal associated with the movement, '' L'Action Française'', sold by its own youth organization, the Camelot ...

'' and before long he had changed the name of this group to the Peruvian Fascist Brotherhood. He personally declared his support for

Italian fascism Italian fascism (), also called classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy. The ideology of Italian fascism is associated with a series of political parties le ...

and

Falangism Falangism () was the political ideology of three political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española, the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS), and afterwa ...

although it has been argued that politically he was more of a very elitist Catholic rightist who also supported

Hispanidad (, typically translated as "Hispanicity") is a Spanish term describing a shared cultural, linguistic, or political identity among speakers of the Spanish language or members of the Hispanic diaspora. The term can have various, different implicat ...

Stanley G. Payne Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934) is an American historian of modern Spain and Europe, European fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He retired from full-time teaching in 2004 and is currently Professor Emeritus at its Dep ...

, ''A History of Fascism 1914-1945'', 2001, p. 343 In his obituary speech to his colleague of his generation , he said that the failure of his political group was due to supporting certain "generous abstractions", such as freedom and democracy. Initially Riva-Agüero gained a strong following for his new endeavour but before long his newfound

extremism Extremism is "the quality or state of being extreme" or "the advocacy of extreme measures or views". The term is primarily used in a political or religious sense to refer to an ideology that is considered (by the speaker or by some implied sha ...

, combined with his increasingly odd personal behaviour, began to lose him his credibility. He became strongly

anti-Semitic Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...

and soon took to praising

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

, losing him some support. Meanwhile, he started insisting that followers called him the Marquis of Aulestia, a title that had been in the family but had long since fell into disuse and which had little currency in a republic such as Peru, and his generally arrogant demeanour cost him more support. His persona was further damaged when he even took to occasional bouts of public

transvestism Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. From as early as pre-modern history, cross-dressing has been practiced in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express onesel ...

at functions. He and the Peruvian Fascist Brotherhood finally drifted into obscurity in 1942 when Peru officially became one of the

Allies An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are calle ...

although he continued to write articles in defence of the

Axis powers The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was the military coalition which initiated World War II and fought against the Allies of World War II, Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Ge ...

until his death.

Works

* 1905 - ''Carácter de la literatura del Perú independiente'' (''Character of the Literature in Independent Peru'') * 1909 - ''Polémica histórica: el señor González de la Rosa y las obras de Valera y Garcilaso'' (''Historic controversy. González de la Rosa and the works of Valera and Garcilaso'') * 1909 - ''Garcilaso y el padre Varela'' (''Garcilaso and Father Varela'') * 1910 - ''History in Peru'' (''La historia en el Perú'') * 1911 - ''The Concept of Law'' (''Concepto del Derecho'') * 1916 - ''Elogio del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega'' (''Elegy for Inca Garciliso de la Vega'') * 1919 - ''Un cantor de Santa Rosa: el conde de la Granja'' (''A Cantor to Santa Rosa: the Count de la Granja'') * 1921 - ''El Perú histórico y artístico'' (''Historic and Artistic Peru'') * 1922 - ''Correspondencia de la Audiencia de Lima (1549-1564)'' ''Correspondece of the Audiencia de Lima (1549-1564)'' * 1930 - ''Los franciscanos en el Perú y las misiones de Occopa '' (''Franciscans in Peru and the missions in Occopa'') * 1932 - ''Añoranzas'' (''Longing'') * 1932 - ''Goethe: homenaje de Lima en el primer centenario de su muerte'' (''Goethe: A Tribute on the centenary of his death'') * 1932 - ''El problema diplomático del sur: relaciones con Bolivia y Chile'' (''The Southern Diplomatic Affair. Relations with Bolivia and Chile'') * 1932 - ''Discurso del Colegio Recoleta'' (''Speech at Recoleta School'') * 1935 - ''Discursos académicos'' (''Academic Speeches'') * 1935 - ''El primer alcalde de Lima, Nicolás de Ribra el Viejo y su posteridad'' (''The First Alcalde of Lima: Nicolás de Ribera el Viejo and his Legacy'') * 1936 - ''Nuevos datos sobre el padre Hojeda: La Cristiada, sus inspiraciones eucarísticas'' (''New Facts about Father Hojeda. La Cristiada, her eucharistic inspirations'') * 1937 - ''Civilización peruana; época prehispánica'' (''Peruvian civilization. Pre-Hispanic era'') * 1937 - ''Dos estudios sobre Italia contemporánea'' (''Two Studies on Contemporary Italy'') * 1937 - ''Lope de Vega'' * 1937 - ''Cuzco preincaico: los Ayllus de los incas'' (''Pre-Inca Cusco. The Ayllus of the Incas'') * 1937 - ''Origen, desarrollo e influencia del fascismo'' (''The Origins, Development and Influence of Fascism'') * 1937-1938 - ''Por la verdad, la tradición y la patria'' (''For Truth, Tradition and Fatherland'') * 1938 - ''D'Anunzzio'' * 1941 - ''Goldoni y su influencia en España'' (''Goldoni in Spain'') * 1944 - ''Anthology'' (''Antología'') * 1944 - ''Estudios sobre literatura francesa'' (''Studies on French Literature'') * 1944 - ''El obispo Sarasola'' (''Bishop Sarasola'') * 1954 - ''Descripción anónima del Perú y Lima a principios del siglo XVII'' (''Anonymous work on Peru and Lima in the Early Eighteenth Century'') * 1954 - ''Diego Mexía de Fernangil: poeta sevillano del siglo XVI, avecindado en el Perú y la segunda parte de su "Parnaso antártico"'' (''Diego Mexía de Fernangil. Sevilian Poet of the Sixteenth century, settled in Peru and the second part of his ' Antarctic Parnassus) * 1955 - ''Paisajes peruanos'' (''Peruvian Landscapes'') * 1960 - ''Afirmación del Perú'' (''Consolitation of Peru'') * 1962 - ''Obras completas'' (''Complete Works'') * 1963 - ''El deán Valdiivia y la Confederación Perú-Boliviana'' (''Dean Valdivia and the Peru-Bolivia Confederation'')

References

Bibliography

* * Sánchez, Luis Alberto (1975). ''La literatura peruana. Derrotero para una historia cultural del Perú'', tomo IV. Cuarta edición y definitiva. Lima: P. L. Villanueva Editor.

External links

Biografía de Riva Agüero en artehistoria.com

Instituto Riva-Agüero
{{DEFAULTSORT:Riva-Agüero y Osma, José de la 1885 births 1944 deaths Riva Agüero family

Jose Jose is the English transliteration of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ''Yose'', which is etymologically linked to ''Yosef'' or Joseph. Given name Mishnaic and Talmudic periods * Jose ben Abin * Jose ben Akabya *Jose the Galilean * Jose ben Halafta ...

Politicians from Lima Peruvian nationalists Peruvian fascists 20th-century Peruvian historians Historians of Peru Justice ministers of Peru Ministers of education of Peru Prime ministers of Peru Male-to-female cross-dressers National University of San Marcos alumni Democratic National Party (Peru) politicians 20th-century Peruvian male writers