Jonathan Demme

Robert Jonathan Demme ( ; February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker. Beginning his career under B-movie producer Roger Corman, Demme made his directorial debut with the 1974 women-in-prison film '' Caged Heat'', before becoming known for his casually humanist films such as '' Melvin and Howard'' (1980), '' Swing Shift'' (1984), '' Something Wild'' (1986), and '' Married to the Mob'' (1988). His direction of the 1991 psychological horror film '' The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991) won him the Academy Award for Best Director. His subsequent films earned similar acclaim, notably ''Philadelphia'' (1993) and '' Rachel Getting Married'' (2008).

Demme also directed numerous concert films such as '' Stop Making Sense'' (1984), '' Neil Young: Heart of Gold'' (2006), and '' Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids'' (2016), and worked on several television series as both a producer and director.

Early life

Demme was born on February 22, 1944, in Baldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise (''née'' Rogers) and Robert Eugene Demme, a public relations executive. He was raised in Rockville Centre, New York and Miami, where he graduated from Southwest Miami High School before attending the University of Florida.

Career

Early films

Demme broke into feature film working for exploitation film producer Roger Corman early in his career, co-writing and producing '' Angels Hard as They Come'' (1971), a motorcycle movie very loosely based on '' Rashomon'', and '' The Hot Box'' (1972). He then moved on to directing three films for Corman's studio New World Pictures: '' Caged Heat'' (1974), '' Crazy Mama'' (1975), and '' Fighting Mad'' (1976). After ''Fighting Mad'', Demme directed the comedy film ''Handle with Care'' (originally titled ''Citizens Band'', 1977) for Paramount Pictures. The film was well received by critics, but received little promotion, and performed poorly at the box office. He also directed a 1978 episode of ''Columbo''.

Demme's next film, '' Melvin and Howard'' (1980), did not get a wide release, but received a groundswell of critical acclaim and film award recognition, including Academy Award nominations, winning two of its three nominations ( Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – Mary Steenburgen, and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay – Bo Goldman). This acclaim led to the signing of Demme to direct the Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell star vehicle '' Swing Shift'' (1984). Intended as a prestige picture for Warner Bros. as well as a major commercial vehicle for Demme, it instead became a troubled production due to the conflicting visions of Demme and star Hawn. Demme ended up renouncing the finished product, and when the film was released in May 1984, it was generally panned by critics and neglected by moviegoers. After ''Swing Shift'', Demme stepped back from Hollywood to make the Talking Heads concert film '' Stop Making Sense'' (also 1984) which won the National Society of Film Critics Award for best documentary; the eclectic screwball action-romantic comedy '' Something Wild'' (1986); a film-version of the stage production '' Swimming to Cambodia'' (1987), by monologist Spalding Gray; and the New York Mafia-by-way-of Downtown comedy '' Married to the Mob'' (1988).

Demme formed his production company, Clinica Estetico, with producers Edward Saxon and Peter Saraf in 1987. They were based out of New York City for fifteen years.

Later films

Demme won the Academy Award for '' The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991)—one of only three films to win all the major categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Actress). Inspired by his friend Juan Suárez Botas's illness with AIDS and fueled by his own moral convictions, Demme then used his influence to make ''Philadelphia'' (1993), one of the first major films to address the AIDS crisis and which garnered star Tom Hanks his first Best Actor Oscar. He also co-directed (with his nephew Ted) the music video for Bruce Springsteen's Best Song Oscar-winning " Streets of Philadelphia" from the film's soundtrack. Jonathan used several of the same actors for both movies.

Subsequently, his films included an adaptation of Toni Morrison's '' Beloved'' (1998), and remakes of two films from the 1960s: ''The Truth About Charlie'' (2002), based on '' Charade'', that starred Mark Wahlberg in the Cary Grant role; and '' The Manchurian Candidate'' (2004), with Denzel Washington and Meryl Streep. Demme's documentary film '' Man from Plains'' (2007), a documentary about former U.S. President Jimmy Carter's promotional tour publicizing his book '' Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid'', had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival and Toronto International Film Festival.

His art-house hit '' Rachel Getting Married'' (2008) was compared by many critics to Demme's films of the late 1970s and 1980s. It was included in many 2008 "best of" lists, and received numerous awards and nominations, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress by lead Anne Hathaway. In 2010, Demme made his first foray into theater, directing ''Family Week'', a play by Beth Henley. The play was produced by MCC Theater and co-starred Rosemarie DeWitt and Kathleen Chalfant.

At one time, Demme was signed on to direct, produce, and write an adaptation of Stephen King's sci-fi novel ''11/22/63'', but later left due to disagreements with King on what should be included in the script.

He returned to the concert documentary format with '' Justin Timberlake + the Tennessee Kids'' (2016), which he described as a "performance film, but also a portrait of an artist at a certain moment in the arc of his career", and his last project was a history of rock & roll for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame compiled from footage from Hall of Fame induction ceremonies set to debut in summer 2017.

Demme directed music videos for artists such as Suburban Lawns, New Order, KRS-One's H.E.A.L. project and Bruce Springsteen. He also produced a compilation of Haitian music called ''Konbit: Burning Rhythms of Haiti'' that was released in 1989. (Lou Reed selected ''Konbit...'' as one of his 'picks of 1989').

Demme was on the board of directors at Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, New York. In addition to his role on the board, he curated and hosted a monthly series called ''Rarely Seen Cinema''.

Style

Throughout 1986–2004, Demme was known for his dramatic close-ups in films. This style of close-ups involves the character looking directly into the camera during crucial moments. According to Demme, this was done to put the viewer into the character's shoes. Beginning with '' Rachel Getting Married'' (2008), Demme adopted a documentary style of filmmaking. He was known for his use of recurring supporting players, including Charles Napier, Harry Northup, Tracey Walter, Ann Dowd, and his former producer Roger Corman, as well as casting musicians and bands in roles. These included Sister Carol, Chris Isaak, Tunde Adebimpe, The Feelies, Charles Aznavour, Steve Scales, The Flirtations, Manno Charlemagne, Bernie Worrell, David Johansen, Beau Sia, Q Lazzarus, and Rick Springfield. In addition to Corman, Demme cast a number of other fellow directors in cameos, including John Sayles, Agnès Varda, Sidney Lumet, and John Waters.

Writer/director Paul Thomas Anderson has paid homage to Demme in his films and has cited him as a major influence in his work. In an interview, Anderson jokingly stated that the three filmmakers who inspired him the most are "Jonathan Demme, Jonathan Demme and Jonathan Demme." Other directors such as Alexander Payne and Wes Anderson have been known to be inspired by his close-ups in their own work.

Political activism

Demme was involved in various political projects. In 1981, he directed a series of commercials for the liberal advocacy group People for the American Way. The spots, titled "Eggs", "Music", and "Sports", were produced by Norman Lear and featured Muhammad Ali, Carol Burnett, and Goldie Hawn celebrating Freedom of Expression. In 1985, he directed a video for Artists United Against Apartheid. The short, featured various international musicians including Afrika Bambaataa, Rubén Blades, Jimmy Cliff, Herbie Hancock, Little Steven, Run–D.M.C., and Bruce Springsteen, calling for a boycott of the South African luxury resort Sun City during Apartheid. His documentary ''Haiti Dreams of Democracy'' (1988) captured Haiti's era of democratic rebuilding after dictatorship, while his documentary ''The Agronomist'' (2008) profiled Haitian journalist and human rights activist Jean Dominique. Demme spent six years on the documentary ''I'm Carolyn Parker'' (2011), which highlighted rebuilding efforts in New Orleans

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