James Macnaghten McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne, KCB (3 May 1823 – 27 June 1890), was a British politician, Member of Parliament, and local government leader.

Early life

James Macnaghten Hogg was born in

Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...

on 3 May 1823 into an Ulster-Scots family, being the son of Sir James Weir Hogg, 1st Baronet, and the former Mary Swinton. His father was the Administrator-General of

Bengal Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...

and Chairman of the

British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

. Among his large immediate family were Isabella Hogg (wife of Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth), Florence Hogg (wife of George William Campbell), Charles Swinton Hogg (who married Harriet Anne Stirling, daughter of Sir Walter Stirling, 2nd Baronet), Mary Rosina Hogg (wife of Charles McGarel of

Magheramorne Magheramorne () is a hamlet in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is about 5 miles south of Larne on the shores of Larne Lough. It had a population of 75 people in the 2001 census. Following the reform of Northern Ireland's local government sy ...

), Fergusson Floyer Hogg (who married Elizabeth Helen Parsons, a granddaughter of the 2nd Earl of Rosse), Annie Claudina Hogg (who never married), Sir Stuart Saunders Hogg (who married Selina Catherine Perry, daughter of Sir Thomas Erskine Perry), Sir Frederick Russell Hogg (who married Emily Eckford and Harriett Venn Dicken, sister-in-law of the 5th Marquess of Sligo), Amy Hogg (who married James William MacNabb), Stapleton Cotton Hogg (the Assistant Finance Secretary, India Office), Constance Hogg (who married Francis Augustus Bevan), and Quintin Hogg (who married Alice Anna Graham). His paternal grandparents were William Hogg and Mary (née Dickey) Hogg (a James Dickey of Dunmore,

County Antrim County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim, County Antrim, Antrim, ) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, located within the historic Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the c ...

). His maternal grandparents were Isabella (née Routledge) Swinton and Samuel Swinton of Swinton House, Swinton,

Berwickshire Berwickshire (; ) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in south-eastern Scotland, on the English border. The county takes its name from Berwick-upon-Tweed, its original county town, which was part of Scotland at the ...

.Mosley, Charles, editor. ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.''

Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington is the List of municipalities in Delaware, most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish colonization of the Americas, Swedish settlement in North America. It lie ...

: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, vol. 1, p. 854. He was educated at

Eton College Eton College ( ) is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school providing boarding school, boarding education for boys aged 13–18, in the small town of Eton, Berkshire, Eton, in Berkshire, in the United Kingdom. It has educated Prime Mini ...

and

Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church (, the temple or house, ''wikt:aedes, ædes'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by Henry V ...

but left Oxford early without taking his degree to enter the Army and became a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Life Guards, part of the Household Cavalry.

Career

On retiring from the Army he went into politics, being elected unopposed as a

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...

MP for

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in 1865. He was also a member of St. George, Hanover Square

Vestry A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government of a parish in England, Wales and some English colony, English colonies. At their height, the vestries were the only form of local government in many places and spen ...

, a form of local government similar to a parish council. From 1867 he was chosen by the Vestry to represent them on the

Metropolitan Board of Works The Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW) was the upper tier of local government for London between 1856 and 1889, primarily responsible for upgrading infrastructure. It also had a parks and open spaces committee which set aside and opened up severa ...

which co-ordinated cross-London building schemes. He was defeated for re-election in Bath in 1868 and concentrated on his work on the Board, and after the death of Sir John Thwaites who had chaired the Board since it was created, he was elected as the new chairman on 18 November 1870. Hogg was elected MP for

Truro Truro (; ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England; it is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, just under west-south-west of Charing Cross in London. It is Cornwall's county town, s ...

in an 1871 byelection and retained that seat until he transferred to Hornsey at the 1885 general election. His Parliamentary duties made it more difficult for Hogg to be a full-time chairman of the board. While his predecessor had dismissed staff who he felt were not up to the job, Hogg used his influence to try to keep their jobs safe. Unlike Thwaites, he did not look in detail at the work of the staff but let them get on with their work. This meant that departments within the Board became either very efficient, or very inefficient. The Architects department was particularly noted for inefficiency. Several of the Board's big schemes were just being completed when McGarel-Hogg's Chairmanship began. The

Victoria Embankment Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment (the other section is the Chelsea Embankment), a road and river-walk along the north bank of the River Thames in London, England. Built in the 1860s, it runs from the Palace of Westminster to ...

had been opened shortly before he was elected, and he got to share in the rewards for the Board's successes, being made a

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by King George I of Great Britain, George I on 18 May 1725. Recipients of the Order are usually senior British Armed Forces, military officers or senior Civil Service ...

in 1874 when the

Chelsea Embankment Chelsea Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. The western end of Chelsea Embankment, including a stretch of Cheyne Walk, is in the Royal Borough of ...

was opened. Under McGarel-Hogg, the Board bought up all of the bridges over the

Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after th ...

and freed them of tolls. However, the Board's desire for a new bridge by Little Tower Hill could not be fulfilled because its revenue source was not secure.

Tower Bridge Tower Bridge is a Listed building#Grade I, Grade I listed combined Bascule bridge, bascule, Suspension bridge, suspension, and, until 1960, Cantilever bridge, cantilever bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones ...

was eventually built by the

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Corporation. The Board also acquired the power to clear slums in 1875, but found the process cumbersome and expensive, resulting in small progress (although it accelerated when further Acts of Parliament removed some restrictions). Several parks were also bought by the Board and opened to the public. However, McGarel-Hogg's administration was hit by scandal in 1887 over the sale of surplus land, blighting somewhat the award of a peerage in the celebrations of

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...

Golden Jubilee A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations. Bangladesh In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali language, ...

. A

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found officers and two members of the Board guilty of malpractice. This resulted in the decision to abolish the Board and replace it with a directly elected council. Magheramorne had fought for the Board to get permission to build a tunnel at Blackwall and it had been granted in 1887. The tenders for the contract came in early in 1889, when the

London County Council The London County Council (LCC) was the principal local government body for the County of London throughout its existence from 1889 to 1965, and the first London-wide general municipal authority to be directly elected. It covered the area today ...

had been elected but was not yet in control. He was determined to grant the contract through the Board and resisted the LCC's request that it leave the decision to them; however, when the LCC discovered the Board's intention to seal the contracts, they appealed to the Government and the Board was abolished on 21 March 1889. He died a year after leaving office at the MBW.

Personal life

On 31 August 1857, Hogg was married to Hon. Caroline Elizabeth Emma Douglas-Pennant (–1924), the daughter of Edward Gordon Douglas-Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn and Juliana Isabella Mary Dawkins-Pennant (a daughter of

George Hay Dawkins-Pennant George Hay Dawkins-Pennant (born George Hay Dawkins; 20 February 1764 – 17 December 1840) was a British politician who represented Newark and New Romney in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1814 to 1830. Early life George Hay ...

).L. G. Pine, ''The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms'' (

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 188. Together, they were the parents of: * Hon. Edith Mary McGarel-Hogg (1859–1939), who married Hon. Arthur Saumarez, son of Col. John Saumarez, 3rd Baron de Saumarez and Margaret Antoinette Northey, in 1881. * James Douglas McGarel-Hogg, 2nd Baron Magheramorne (1861–1903), who married Lady Evelyn Harriet Ashley-Cooper, daughter of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 8th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Harriet Chichester (a daughter of the 3rd Marquess of Donegall), in 1889. * Dudley Stuart McGarel-Hogg, 3rd Baron Magheramorne (1863–1946), who died unmarried. * Ronald Tracey McGarel-Hogg, 4th Baron Magheramorne (1863–1957), who died unmarried. * Hon. Archibald Campbell McGarel-Hogg (1866–1945), an architect who died unmarried. * Hon. Gerald Francis McGarel-Hogg (1868–1942), a Lieutenant in the 4th Battalion,

Royal Welch Fusiliers The Royal Welch Fusiliers () was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, and part of the Prince of Wales's Division, that was founded in 1689, shortly after the Glorious Revolution. In 1702, it was designated a fusilier regiment and becam ...

who died unmarried. On 8 February 1877, he added the surname McGarel on inheriting the estates of his late brother-in-law Charles McGarel, the husband of his sister, Mary Rosina Hogg. He died in 1890, and is buried in

Brompton Cemetery Brompton Cemetery (originally the West of London and Westminster Cemetery) is since 1852 the first (and only) London cemetery to be Crown Estate, Crown property, managed by The Royal Parks, in West Brompton in the Royal Borough of Kensington a ...

, Londo

He was succeeded in his barony by his son James McGarel-Hogg, 2nd Baron Magheramorne, James.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Macgarel Hogg, James Macnaghten Magheramorne, James Macnaghten McGarel, 1st Baron Magheramorne, James Macnaghten McGarel, 1st Baron People educated at Eton College Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 1 British Life Guards officers Macgarel Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne, James Macnaghten Politicians from Cornwall UK MPs 1865–1868 UK MPs 1868–1874 UK MPs 1874–1880 UK MPs 1880–1885 UK MPs 1885–1886 UK MPs 1886–1892 UK MPs who were granted peerages Burials at Brompton Cemetery Members of the Metropolitan Board of Works 2 James Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria