Jaen, officially the Municipality of Jaen (, ), is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

of Nueva Ecija,

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 79,189 people.

History

During the Spanish Era, the municipality was only a component ''barrio'' of Gapan. When San Isidro became a town and was separated from Gapan, the town and San Antonio became one of its component barrios. When San Antonio itself became a town, the area was still its component ''barrio'' called San Agustin. By 1865, Jaen was known by its old name "Ibayong Ilog", and because there were many people in the river port in what is now Barangay Langla, the town became a centre for trade. When the place improved and its population grew to more than 5,000 people, it became a town through a petition filed by the inhabitants with the initiative of two early leaders, ''Kabesang'' Prudencio Esquivel and ''Kapitan'' Antonio Embuscado. On June 18, 1865, Jaen itself partitioned from San Antonio, and retained Saint Augustine of Hippo as its patron saint. The Spanish officials signed the papers granting the petition that "Ibayong Ilog" be a town in Factoria (now San Isidro) which was then the capital of Nueva Ecija. The declaration was brought to

Governor-General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...

Juan de Lara e Irigoyen in Manila and afterwards was submitted to the Vicar-General of the Philippines in the person of Reverend Gregorio Martínez. Father Martínez marked the document as approved but later wrote in his own wish that the name "Ibayong Ilog" be changed to the name of his birthplace of Jaén, Spain. In coordination with Reverebd Estanislao B. Moso, ''Kabesang'' Prudencio and ''Kapitan'' Antonio led the establishment of the first Catholic church (the present-day parish church). Jaen is in Central Luzon, in the southern part of Nueva Ecija. About 100 km from Manila via the old Cagayan Valley Road, the town has other road networks connecting it to Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Pampanga, Olongapo and Bataan. In the olden days, Pampanga River was once the only and the fastest way of transportation in going to Manila and other places. On August 24, 1896, its people revolted against the Spaniards and in September of the same year, armed with ''bolo''s and spears, ambushed and killed forty Spanish soldiers in Lumanas (now a ''Sitio'' of Barangay Santo Tomas South). This successful attack made Lumanas a historical site called "''Pinagtambangan''", where a marker was erected in memory of the event.

Geography

The municipality is situated in the southern part of Nueva Ecija, some north of

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

. Jaén is bounded by the municipalities of Santa Rosa on the north-east;

Zaragoza Zaragoza (), traditionally known in English as Saragossa ( ), is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the ...

on the north-west; by San Isidro on the south; San Leonardo on the east and by

San Antonio San Antonio ( ; Spanish for " Saint Anthony") is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in Greater San Antonio. San Antonio is the third-largest metropolitan area in Texas and the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the ...

on the west. The municipality has a land area of and is divided into 27

barangay The barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as ''barrio'', is the smallest Administrative divisions of the Philippines, administrative division in the Philippines. Named after the Precolonial barangay, precolonial po ...

s, two of which are in the ''Población'' proper.

Barangays

Jaén is politically subdivided into 27

s, as listed below. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. * Calabasa * Dampulan ( Poblacion) * Don Mariano Marcos ( Poblacion) (Former Antonino) * Hilera * Imbunia * Imelda de Poblacion (Doña Aurora) * Lambakin * Langla * Magsalisi * Malabon-Kaingin * Marawa * Niyugan * Ocampo-Rivera ( Poblacion) * Pakol * Pamacpacan * Pinanggaan * Putlod * San Jose * San Josef (Nabao) * San Pablo * San Roque * San Vicente * Santa Rita * Santo Tomas North * Santo Tomas South * Sapang * Ulanin-Pitak

Sitios

*Sanggalang (Brgy Lambakin) *Pampangbana (Brgy Lambakin) *Malaiba (Barangay San Jose) *Iran (Brgy San Jose) *BLISS (Barangay Niyugan) *Putol (Barangay Niyugan) *Tumana (Brgy Niyugan) *Lumanas (Barangay Sto Tomas South) *Daang Hapon (Brgy Sto Tomas South) *Campugo (Brgy Sto Tomas South) *Kaingin (Barangay Sto Tomas North) *Muyod (Barangay Sto Tomas North) *Macapulo (Barangay San Pablo) *Poultry (Barangay Magsalisi) *Pinagsugalan (Barangay Pinanggaan) *Inalin (Brgy Pinanggaan) *Triangulo (Brgy Sapang) *Gubat na Munti (Brgy Putlod) *Luwasan (Brgy Putlod) *Looban (Brgy Putlod) *Mitla (Brgy Hilera) *Bungo (Brgy San Roque) *Dampe (Brgy Dampulan) *Bantog (Brgy Marawa)

Climate

Demographics

Economy

Most of the north-western section of the municipality is devoted to rice farming, as rice production is the main livelihood of the populace. Twenty barangays of Jaén are fully irrigated, with about 80% of the land (approximately 9,500 hectares) being suited for rice production. Mango plantations are found in the southern portion of the municipality. Based on the latest survey, 584 hectares are utilized for mango production, including backyard mango farms. Ten percent of the total agricultural area is for planting vegetables. In the Población and nearby barangays, several establishments have sprouted. These include agricultural supply traders, dry goods stores, hardware stores, groceries, travel agency, fashion style, pawnshop, banks, supermarkets, gasoline stations, printing presses, and eateries. The public market is in the area. Among the service businesses in the area are pawn shops, restaurants, auto and motorcycle parts and service, car wash, commercial center, lechon manok and liempo stand, pharmacies, computer repair shops, convenience store, bakery, petrol station, grocery, internet café, tailoring and dress shops and rural banks. Distilled and purified water processors, mobile phone card dealers, cable and landline telephone businesses are also present in the municipality. Professional services of doctors, accountants, dentists, lawyers, surveyors and engineers are also prevalent in the town. Most of the unemployed and out-of-school youths are given manual labor by private contractors and the local government unit, such as construction workers and street sweepers.

Education

;High schools: *San Agustin Diocesan Academy Inc. (formerly Luzon Central Institute, San Agustin Academy and San Agustin Parochial Academy Foundation Inc.) *Blessed Hope Christian School in Barangay Don Mariano (former Barangay Antonino) *Jaen National High School (near in Jaen West Elementary School former name Putlod San Jose National High School Annex) in Barangay Dampulan *Lambakin National High School (former name Putlod San Jose National High School Annex) in Brgy Lambakin *Montesorri School of Jaen Inc. (Pallarca St. Campugo, Santo Tomas South) *Putlod San Jose National High School (formerly called Putlod San Jose Barangay High School) *Marawa High School (former name Jaen National High School Annex) in Barangay Marawa *San Pablo High School (former name Jaen National High School Annex in Barangay San Pablo) ;Special Schools: *Olarte's School of Science & Technology Inc. in Barangay Antonino (former Barangay Marcos) *MGP School of Science in Barangay Putlod *Angel of Wisdom Interactive School (Nursery,Kinder and Prep) in Barangay Dampulan

Government

Local government

''Kapitan'' dela Cruz was later on succeeded by an elected Municipal President, an office superseded by the title "Mayor of Jaén": *Apolinario Esquivel (1902 – 1907) *Patricio Yambao, Sr. (1916 – 1922) *Prudencio Eduardo (1922 – 1925) *Delfín Esquivel (1925 – 1928) *Patricio Yambao, Sr. (1928 – 1931) *Ambrocio Javaluyas (1931 – 1934) *Patricio Yambao, Sr. (1934 – 1937) *José C. Carlos (1934 – 1945) *Bartolome García (1945 – 1954) *Bonifacio Hipólito (1954 – 1956) *Felix E. Velarde (1956 – 1967) *Patricio Yambao, Jr. (1968 – 1971) *Felix E. Velarde (1972 – 1979) *Franklin Eduardo (1979 – 1986) *Patricio Yambao, Jr. (1986 – 1988) *Franklin Eduardo (1988 – 1992) *Antonio Esquivel (1992 – 1998) *Cezar Eduardo (1998 – 2004) *Antonio Esquivel (2004 – 2007) *Santiago R. Austria (2007 – 2016) *Sylvia C. Austria (2016 – 2020) *Antonio Esquivel (2020 – 2021) *Sylvia C. Austria (2021 – present)

Tourism

*Lolita Ilao Memorial Library: The library was donated by Mr. Tommy Ilao for the people of Jaén and is located at Barangay Dampulan, beside West Elementary School...already closed.... *Pinaglabanan Marker (Lumanas, Sto Tomas South, Jaen, Nueva Ecija): The marker stands where the historical battle between the Spaniards and the people of Jaen took place on September 4, 1896. The group was led by Lt. Col. Delfin Esquivel and they used bolos, spears and several guns. It can be seen now along Sto Tomas South main road (Jaen - Santa Rosa Road) corner Sitio Lumanas (first corner to your right going to Sitio Lumanas if you going to Sto Tomas North) *Resorts: **Villa Aurora Resort (Barangay San Josef) **Golden Shower Resort (Barangay Niyugan) **Tata Guring Mini Resort (Barangay Sto Tomas South) **DelFreds Resort ( BarangaySan Pablo) **Rocky's Resort ( Sitio. Riverside, Barangay Magsalisi) *Community **Augustinian Alumni Association Jaen, N.E.

Gallery

File:Jaenmarkerjf.JPG, Welcome arch File:Jaen33323jf.JPG, Municipal Park File:Jaenchurchjf.JPG, Façade and belltower of the new San Agustin parish church File:Cockpitjaenjf.JPG, Jaén Coliseum

References

External links

* Philippine Standard Geographic Codebr>Philippine Census InformationLocal Governance Performance Management System
{{Authority control Municipalities of Nueva Ecija Populated places on the Pampanga River