JabanimóSometimes spelled ''Gabanimó''. or Hawani Mo'o ("Raven's Head") was an

Akimel O'odham The Akimel O'odham (Oʼodham language, O'odham for "river people"), also called the Pima, are an Indigenous people of the Americas living in the United States in central and southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico in the states of Sonora and Ch ...

leader involved in Native American uprisings during the 1750s, possibly including the

1751 Pima Revolt The Pima Revolt, also known as the O'odham Uprising or the Pima Outbreak, was a revolt of Pima native Americans in 1751 against colonial forces in Spanish Arizona and one of the major northern frontier conflicts in early New Spain. Background ...

Biography

Jabanimó was an O'odham chief originally from the

Gila River The Gila River (; O'odham ima Keli Akimel or simply Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siʼil, Maricopa language: Xiil) is a tributary of the Colorado River flowing through New Mexico and Arizona in the United States. The river drains an arid watershed of ...

area. Contemporary sources disagree on whether he was involved in the 1751 Pima Revolt. He organized native resistance along the Santa Cruz River, encouraging residents of

Mission San Xavier del Bac Mission San Xavier del Bac () is a historic Spanish Catholic mission about south of downtown Tucson, Arizona, on the Tohono O'odham Nation San Xavier Indian Reservation. The mission was founded in 1692 by Eusebio Kino in the center of a cent ...

and

Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón (), originally known as Mission San Agustín del Tucson (), was a Spanish mission located in present-day Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. It was established in 1692 by Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino a ...

to resist the

Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

missionaries. In 1756, Jabanimó led a group of O'odham and Papagos against San Xavier del Bac. He was joined by surviving followers of

Luis Oacpicagigua Luis Oacpicagigua () or Luis of Sáric (died 1755) was a Pima people, Pima (Akimel O'odham) leader in the Spanish province of Sáric, now the far north of the Mexican state of Sonora. Biography Oacpicagigua commanded a force of hundreds of O'od ...

, led by Oacpicagigua's son Cipriano. Assisted by sympathetic native residents of Bac, the group looted the mission, including the church and the homes of natives loyal to the Jesuits. Resident missionary

Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa (1720–1786) was a Spanish Jesuit List of missionaries to New Spain, missionary to New Spain. Biography Espinosa was born on February 1, 1720, in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria. He was ordained at age twenty-one in Mé ...

escaped to

Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac The Presidio of San Ignacio de Túbac or Fort Tubac was a Spanish built fortress. The fortification was established by the Spanish Army in 1752 at the site of present-day Tubac, Arizona. Its ruins are preserved in the Tubac Presid ...

. Governor and Captain

Francisco Elías Gonzalez Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Meaning of the name Francisco In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Commu ...

led a punitive expedition in response, defeating Jabanimó and his followers near

Gila Bend Gila Bend (; O'odham: Hila Wi:n), founded in 1872, is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The town is named for an approximately 90-degree bend in the Gila River, which is near the community's current location. As of the 2020 c ...

. Fifteen natives were killed, but Jabanimó himself survived by hiding among the reeds on the shore of the

References

{{reflist Akimel O'odham people 18th-century Native American leaders Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown