Jacobus Johannes 'Jaap' Schrieke (17 October 1884 – 15 April 1976) was a Dutch administrator, jurist, and collaborator who served as Secretary-General of the Dutch Ministry of Justice during the

German occupation of the Netherlands Despite Dutch neutrality, Nazi Germany German invasion of the Netherlands, invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 as part of ''Fall Gelb'' (Case Yellow). On 15 May 1940, one day after the Rotterdam Blitz, bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces ...

. He was also the brother of the Dutch jurist and politician Bep Schrieke who briefly served as minister of education during the fifth Colijn government in 1939.

Biography

Schrieke was born in Pijnacker in the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

in 1884. He studied law and Indonesian (

adat Alesis Digital Audio Tape, commonly referred to as ADAT, is a magnetic tape format used for the Sound recording and reproduction, recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs, and the basis of a serie ...

) law at the

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince of Orange as a Protestantism, Protestant institution, it holds the d ...

in the Netherlands and was awarded a PhD in law in 1908. After his studies, he moved to the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...

, and in 1909 he became a clerk at the Council of Justice in Batavia (now

Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...

) in the Dutch East Indies (now

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

). Following a successful career in management, in 1933 he failed to be elected to the post of Vice-Chairperson of the Council of the Dutch East Indies. Schrieke then returned to the Netherlands, and in 1935 was appointed an extraordinary professor of Constitutional and Administrative law for the Dutch East Indies,

Suriname Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America, also considered as part of the Caribbean and the West Indies. It is a developing country with a Human Development Index, high level of human development; i ...

, and

Curaçao Curaçao, officially the Country of Curaçao, is a constituent island country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located in the southern Caribbean Sea (specifically the Dutch Caribbean region), about north of Venezuela. Curaçao includ ...

at Leiden University. In this capacity, he, along with Frederik David Holleman, acted as successors to Cornelis van Vollenhoven, a leading Dutch legal scholar who had died in 1933. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, from 15 May 1940 to 5 May 1945, the Netherlands was occupied by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

. During the occupation, Dutch public administration continued, though under German control. In March 1941, the acting Secretary-General of Justice, Jan Coenraad Tenkink, resigned and Friedrich Wimmer, the German Commissioner General for Administration and Justice, appointed Schrieke to the position of Secretary-General of Justice as Tenkin's successor. From 1942 to the end of the occupation, Schrieke was the acting Secretary-General in the Ministry for General Affairs, and between 1 March 1943 and 5 May 1945, he was also the acting Director-General for the Police. At the request of the German authorities, Schrieke provided a list of all Jewish detainees in Dutch asylums. However, Schrieke also believed that the Dutch administration should continue without political interference, and as a result, he banned National-Socialist propaganda in his department. He also refused to take an oath of loyalty to Anton Mussert, the leader of the

National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (, ; NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political organisation that eventually became a political party. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some suc ...

(NSB). After the war, Schrieke was condemned to death. This sentence was later commuted to a prison sentence of twenty years. On 15 October 1955, he was granted early release on medical grounds. He died in Ede in the Netherlands in 1976.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schrieke, Jacobus Johannes 1884 births 1976 deaths Dutch civil servants Dutch collaborators with Nazi Germany Dutch legal scholars Dutch people convicted of war crimes Dutch prisoners sentenced to death Holocaust perpetrators in the Netherlands Leiden University alumni Academic staff of Leiden University People from Pijnacker-Nootdorp Nazis convicted of war crimes Prisoners sentenced to death by the Netherlands National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands members