Ingen Ryūki (, ,
[,] born , December 7, 1592 – May 19, 1673) was a Chinese poet, calligrapher, and
monk
A monk (; from , ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery. A monk usually lives his life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many reli ...
of
Linji Chan Buddhism from
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
.
[Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ingen" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see']
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
. He is most known for founding the
Ōbaku school of
Zen
Zen (; from Chinese: ''Chán''; in Korean: ''Sŏn'', and Vietnamese: ''Thiền'') is a Mahayana Buddhist tradition that developed in China during the Tang dynasty by blending Indian Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Yogacara and Madhyamaka phil ...
in
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
.
Ingen is said to have introduced, from China into Japan, the
common bean
''Phaseolus vulgaris'', the common bean,, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green bean, green, unripe pods. Its leaf is also occasionally used as a Leaf vegetable, vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its Pla ...
, which is named after him (; ''Ingen'' itself is also short for ''Ingen mame''). Robes worn by Ōbaku monks are called .
Biography
Ingen was born on December 7, 1592, in
Fuqing,
Fujian
Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
, during China's
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...
. Ingen's father disappeared when he was five. At age 20, while searching for him, Ingen arrived at
Mount Putuo off
Zhejiang
)
, translit_lang1_type2 =
, translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese)
, image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg
, image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains
, image_map = Zhejiang i ...
province
A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
, where he served tea to monks. At 28, after the death of his mother, he was ordained as a monk at his family temple -
Wanfu Temple,
Mount Huangbo, Fujian. Ingen's teachers there were
Miyun Yuanwu and
Feiyin Tongrong. In 1633 he received
dharma transmission from the latter, and in 1637 served his first term as abbot. His second term as 33rd abbot of the temple began in 1646 and at this time he is credited with helping Mount Huangbo to develop into a thriving Buddhist centre.
In 1654, after repeated requests of
Itsunen Shoyu, he went to
Nagasaki, Japan with around 30 monks and artisans, including his disciple
Muyan. He founded the Ōbaku
school of Zen.
He established the Ōbaku head temple
Manpuku-ji at
Uji, Kyoto in 1661.
On May 21, 1673 (''Enpō 1, 5th day of the 4th month''), he died at Mampuku-ji.
Calligraphy
Ingen was a skilled calligrapher, introducing the Ming style of calligraphy to Japan.
Along with his disciples
Muyan and
Sokuhi Nyoitsu, he was one of the ''
Ōbaku no Sanpitsu'' ("Three Brushes of Ōbaku"). He is known to have carried paintings by
Chen Xian with him to Japan.
Selected work
Ingen's published writings encompass 35 works in 46 publications in 4 languages and 226 library holdings.
WorldCat Identities
隱元 1592-1673
/ref>
* 1979 —
See also
* Egoku Dōmyō
Notes
References
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
OCLC 48943301
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 251800045
see also '' Imprimerie Royale de France,''
{{Authority control
Qing dynasty Buddhist monks
Obaku Buddhists
Zen Buddhist abbots
17th-century abbots
1592 births
1673 deaths
Chinese Zen Buddhists
Rinzai Buddhists
Ming dynasty calligraphers
Qing dynasty calligraphers
Writers from Fuzhou
Artists from Fuzhou
Poets from Fujian
Qing dynasty poets
Chan Buddhist monks
Ming dynasty Buddhist monks
17th-century Buddhist monks
Chinese tea masters
Buddhist artists
Buddhist clergy of the Edo period
category:17th-century Chinese calligraphers
17th-century Japanese calligraphers