ATD of the regions of Turkey occupied by Russian troops during WW1

Hınıs (; ) is a municipality and

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

of Erzurum Province,

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. Its area is 1,367 km², and its population is 24,680 (2022). Historical monuments in the town include the castle and the Ulu Cami Mosque, said to be built in 1734 by Alaeddin, the bey of Muş. The town is populated by

Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

. The district, which is 150 km away from the city of Muş, is very close to Hamurpert Lake, which has an important place in history. Hınıs district is surrounded by the Ak Dağ mountains from the north,

Bingöl Mountains Bingöl Mountains (; ) is a mountain range in Turkey at the zero point of the provincial border of Erzurum and Muş. Geology and geomorphology Bingöl Mountains is an example of Shield volcanoes. Dağkale Hill, which is the highest point of ...

from the west and south, and

Akdoğan mountains Akdoğan Mountains (); (); is a mountain range located at the zero point of the Muş and Erzurum border. It extends from the east of Akdoğan lake to Karaçoban district by crossing the border where Varto, Bulanık and Hınıs districts inter ...

from the south to the east. Hınıs district is neighbors with Tekman and Karayazı districts to the north, Karaçoban district to the east, and

Varto Varto (; or , ''Varto'') is a town in Muş Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Varto District.Bulanık and Malazgirt districts of Muş to the south. In addition, the Varto city is only 40 km from Hınıs. Hınıs is a plain district and Hınıs Plain is one of the most fertile plains of the region. Therefore, agriculture and animal husbandry are the main sources of income in the district. It has the same characteristics as Erzurum in terms of climate and nature. Winters are cold and snowy, and summers are generally cool. In general, it can be said that it is 5-6 degrees warmer than

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of an ...

Geography

The Hınıs Plain is an upland plain centered on a tributary of the

Murat Murat may refer to: Places Australia * Murat Bay, a bay in South Australia * Murat Marine Park, a marine protected area France * Murat, Allier, a commune in the department of Allier * Murat, Cantal, a commune in the department of Cantal Elsew ...

River. A range of hills on the south separates the Hınıs plain from the Murat River. Kocasu Creek is the biggest water source of Hınıs. It passes through the district center and pours into the

river in Bulanık district. On the southwest, the Hınıs plain is separated from the

Varto Varto (; or , ''Varto'') is a town in Muş Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Varto District. To the north is a range of pyramid-shaped hills called the Ak Dağ, or White Mountains, which are in turn connected to the

further west by a plateau called the Menge Dağ. The Menge Dağ forms the northwestern border of the Hınıs plain; from its foothills, Süphan mountain is visible over the hills to the southeast. The Hınıs plain consists of two distinct, gently undulating bands that are occasionally broken up by low-lying hills. The valley has fertile soil and has historically formed a breeding ground for sheep and horses. The town of Hınıs itself lies near the upper end of the valley, on a volcanic table raised above the surrounding plain. At this end, more than 20 smaller streams join together into the

plain In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and ...

main river The Main () is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, ...

Climate

Hınıs has a dry-summer

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

: ''Dsb''). Winters are very cold and snowy, with temperatures consistently below freezing. Summers are dry, with hot days and cool nights.

History

The Hınıs plain formed the main part of the early medieval Armenian canton of Varazhnunik. During this period (roughly the 4th through 7th centuries), Hınıs was probably a fortified market town. Later, after the Arab conquest of Armenia, the region became divided into several small principalities. Hınıs was "almost certainly" the capital of one of these principalities, which was called Sermatz in Greek sources. Sermatz seems to have covered the old district of Varazhnunik as well as the Varto plain to the southwest. Its rulers were probably vassals of the Kaysite emirs of Malazgirt. During the

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (, ; ), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation th ...

period, Hınıs was the capital of a small Kurdish emirate which was a vassal of the emirate of Bitlis, which was in turn a vassal of the Kara Koyunlu themselves. The emirate of Hınıs was mainly based on the Hınıs plain but also extended south of the

river to include Lake Nazik and the area around Bulanık. Later, under the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, Hınıs formed a

sanjak A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomad ...

of Erzurum Eyalet.

Monuments

Castle

Hınıs's old castle crowns a small rocky promontory jutting out above a depression in the middle of the plateau. The castle rock is only accessible on one side, by an elevated "neck" connecting it to the rest of the plateau. This "neck" was the starting point for the walls that historically surrounded the town. Only a couple of towers of the castle remain intact today.

Mosque

The

Ulu Cami A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (, ''masjid jāmi‘'', or simply: , ''jāmi‘''; ), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (, ''jāmi‘ kabir''; ), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as ''Friday prayer, jumu'ah' ...

is beneath the castle rock and outside the town. It dates to 1734 and is traditionally attributed to Ala ed-Din, the bey of Muş who also fortified Mercimekkale on the Muş Plain. The mosque is roughly cube-shaped, with one relatively small pyramidal cap crowning the roof, surrounded by 8 smaller domes. The mosque has one, black-and-white striped

minaret A minaret is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generally used to project the Muslim call to prayer (''adhan'') from a muezzin, but they also served as landmarks and symbols of Islam's presence. They can h ...

, on the northwest corner.

Composition

There are 98

neighbourhoods A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

in Hınıs District:Mahalle
Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. * Acarköy * Akbayır * Akçamelik * Akgelin * Akgöze * Akören * Alaca * Alagöz * Alikırı * Alınteri * Altınpınar * Arpadere * Aşağı Kayabaşı * Avcılar * Bahçe * Başköy * Bayırköy * Bellitaş * Beyyurdu * Burhanköy * Çakmak * Çamurlu *

Çatak Çatak (; ) is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Van Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,952 km2, and its population is 18,462 (2022). Its inhabitants are Kurds. As mayor Abdürrahman Şeylan from the Justice and Development Par ...

* Çilligöl * Dağçayırı * Demirci * Derince * Dervişali * Dibekli * Dikili * Divanhüseyin * Elbeyli * Elmadalı * Erduran * Erence * Esenli * Göller * Güllüçimen * Gülüstan * Gürçayır * Güzeldere * Halilçavuş * Hayran * Ilıcaköy * İsmail * Kalecik * Karaağaç * Karabudak * Karakula * Karamolla * Kazancı * Ketenci * Kısık * Kızılahmet * Kızmusa * Kolhisar * Kongur * Köprübaşı * Meydanköy * Mezraa * Mollacelil * Mollakulaç * Mutluca *

Ortaköy Ortaköy (, ''Middle Village)'' is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 9,121 (2024). It is on the European shore of the Bosphorus. it was originally a small fishing villag ...

* Ovaçevirme * Ovakozlu * Parmaksız * Pınarbaşı * Pınarköy * Şahabettinköy * Şahverdi * Şalgamköy * Saltepe * Sanayi * Sarılı * Sıldız * Söğütlü * Sultanlı * Suvaran * Tanır * Tapuköy * Taşbulak * Tellitepe * Tipideresi * Toprakkale * Toraman * Uluçayır * Ünlüce * Uyanık * Yamanlar * Yaylakonak * Yelpiz * Yenikent * Yeniköy * Yeşilbahçe * Yeşilyazı * Yolüstü * Yukarı Kayabaşı

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinis Populated places in Erzurum Province Kurdish settlements in Turkey Districts of Erzurum Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey