The Hockenheimring, officially Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg () is a motor racing circuit situated in the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

valley near the town of

Hockenheim Hockenheim () is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain, Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" ( ...

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...

, Germany, located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Amongst other motor racing events, it has hosted the

German Grand Prix The German Grand Prix () was a motor race that took place most years since 1926, with 75 races having been held. The race has been held at only three venues throughout its history: the Nürburgring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Hockenheimring in B ...

, most recently in

2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...

. The circuit is nearly flat. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.

History

1932–1938

Originally called "Dreieckskurs" (triangle course), the Hockenheimring was built in 1932. The man behind it is Ernst Christ, a young timekeeper who felt that a racing track should be built in his hometown of Hockenheim. He submitted the plans to the mayor and they were approved on

Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating Nativity of Jesus, the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a Religion, religious and Culture, cultural celebration among billions of people Observance of Christmas by coun ...

day, in 1931. This first layout of the track was around twelve kilometres long and consisted of a large triangle-like section, a hairpin in the city and two straights connecting them.

1938–1965

In 1938, the circuit dramatically shortened, from twelve kilometres down to just over seven and a half, and the Ostkurve corner, which lasted until 2001, was introduced for the first time. In that year, the track was also renamed to "Kurpfalzring". The track was damaged by

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine; ...

s during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. After the war, the track was repaired, and renamed to "Hockenheimring". Former DKW and NSU factory rider and world record setter Wilhelm Herz became the manager of the track in 1954 and promoted the track successfully;

Grand Prix motorcycle racing Grand Prix motorcycle racing is the highest class of motorcycle road racing events held on Road racing, road circuits sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). Independent motorcycle racing events have been held sin ...

events were held, with the German motorcycle Grand Prix alternating between the Hockenheimring and other tracks. This version of the circuit was just over seven and a half kilometres long and consisted of the original two long straights, with the Ostkurve in the forest and the original hairpin inside Hockenheim joining them together.

1965–2001

In 1965, when the new

Autobahn The (; German , ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track'. Much of t ...

A 6 separated the village from the main part of the track, a new version of Hockenheim circuit was built, with the "Motodrom" stadium section, designed by John Hugenholtz, who also designed Suzuka. After Jim Clark was killed on 7 April 1968 in a Formula 2 racing accident, two fast chicanes were added and the track was lined with crash barriers in 1970. A small memorial was placed near the first chicane (which was named after him), at the site of his accident. In 1982, another chicane was added at the Ostkurve (''east curve''), after Patrick Depailler was killed there in 1980, and the first chicane was made slower as well. For the 1992 German Grand Prix, the Ostkurve was changed yet again, from a quick left turn into a more complex right-left-right chicane, after Érik Comas crashed there in

1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...

. The second chicane was renamed after Ayrton Senna, after his death at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix. This version used to be quite large, with a very long and very fast section going through forests essentially consisting of four straights of roughly , separated by a chicane sequence, followed by a more tight and twisty "stadium" section (so called because of all the grandstands situated there) named ''Motodrom''. This made the setting up of racing cars difficult, since a choice had to be made – whether to run low downforce to optimize speed through the straights and compromise grip in the stadium section, or, run more downforce to optimize grip through the stadium section and compromise speed on the straights. The long track length also meant that a typical Formula One race had only 45 laps, limiting the spectators' experience of the race to only that many passes through the stadium. During the mid-1980s "turbo era" of Formula One where fuel was restricted to either 220 (1984–1985), 195 (1986–1987) or 150 (1988) litres for races for the turbo powered cars, Hockenheim also saw drivers, including World Champion Alain Prost, at times fail to finish due to simply running out of fuel near the end of the race. Prost ran out at the end of the 1986 race, pushing his McLaren towards the line before giving up. He was placed 3rd when he ran dry and was eventually classified 6th, gaining a valuable championship point that would help him with his second

World Championship A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game ...

Many problems came to light during the 2000 German Grand Prix, which was won by Brazilian driver Rubens Barrichello from having started 18th on the grid. The race finished in changeable weather conditions, with pouring rain in the stadium sector and almost completely dry forest straights. All the overtaking moves that took place during the race were in the chicanes of the forest sector, meaning hardly any spectators saw most of the best action. Midway through the race, a former

Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to simply as Mercedes and occasionally as Benz, is a German automotive brand that was founded in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a subsidiary of the Mercedes-Benz Group, established in 2019) is based in Stuttgart, ...

employee, who had been dismissed, breached the track's security barriers on the first forest straight, showing vulnerable security facilities in the forest and leading to the deployment of the safety car that neutralized a comfortable lead for the two Mercedes-powered McLarens. Later on, French driver Jean Alesi collided with Brazilian Pedro Diniz in the braking zone for the third chicane and his car spun uncontrollably down the track, which caused him to suffer dizziness for three days. These events prompted much protest from the FIA to greatly improve spectator viewing, safety, and security at the track, claiming that the track was no longer suited to modern Formula One racing.

2002 redesign

In the early 2000s, F1 officials demanded the track be shortened and threatened to discontinue racing there, threatening to relocate to other tracks such as the EuroSpeedway Lausitz and sites in

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

. The state government of

secured the financing for the redesign by Hermann Tilke for the 2002 German Grand Prix. The stadium section remained mostly intact, despite a new surface and a tighter Turn 1 ("Nordkurve"). However, the circuit was dramatically shortened, with the long, forested straights section chopped off in favour of more tight corners. More than half of the first straight and almost all of the straight between the Ostkurve and Senna chicane were cut and the rest was connected with a new long straight called the "Parabolika", with a small kink being added between the first straight and the new one. A small right-left-right complex was added to the remaining part of the final straight, with a new grandstand overlooking it. In an extremely controversial move, the old forest section was torn up and replanted with trees, eliminating any chance of using the old course either for future F1 events or for historic car events. There was and still remains a great deal of criticism of the track redesign, in terms of ruining the previous unique technical challenges of the old Hockenheim circuit and delivering a new homogenised "assembly line" circuit without the character of the previous layout, whilst being beset by the perceived problems of other Tilke circuits. Several drivers and team principals, including Ron Dennis, Jarno Trulli and Juan Pablo Montoya, criticised the changes and stated their preference for the old circuit. The change in the track layout also saw the installation of a new memorial to Jim Clark. This is located at the outside of the current track's turn 2, where the old track continued out into the forests, and the new shortened track turns to the right. The new track has a

seating capacity Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that ...

of 120,000, due to new large grandstands sponsored by

. The complex also features a quarter-mile track for drag racing. It hosts one of the largest drag racing events in Europe, known as the ''NitrOlympx'', and was one of the last Top Fuel circuits to race to before the FIA switched the nitro categories to the now-recognised distance in 2012.

Formula One

The Hockenheim Circuit hosted the

for the first time in 1970 when the F1 drivers decided at the French Grand Prix to boycott the allegedly dangerous

Nürburgring The () is a 150,000-person capacity motorsports complex located in the town of Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It features a Grand Prix motor racing, Grand Prix race track built in 1984, and a long configuration, built in the 1920s ...

unless major changes were made. The next year the German Grand Prix went back to the Nürburgring until the 1976 German Grand Prix. From to , the Hockenheimring hosted the German Grand Prix with the exception of

1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...

, when the race was held at the reconfigured Nürburgring. In July 2006, Bernie Ecclestone announced that from 2007 onwards, there would be only one Grand Prix per year in Germany. Since , there had been two Grands Prix every year in Germany; the

at Hockenheim, plus either the European Grand Prix or the

Luxembourg Grand Prix The Luxembourg Grand Prix () was the name given to two races of the FIA Formula One, Formula One World Championship, held in 1997 Formula One season, 1997 and 1998 Formula One season, 1998. Both races were held in Germany at the Nürburgring, whi ...

at the Nürburgring. From 2007, the Nürburgring and Hockenheimring alternated hosting the German Grand Prix, starting with the Nürburgring in 2007. Kimi Raikkonen - Turn 1 of the Hockenheimring - 2014 German Grand Prix

Kimi Raikkonen - Turn 1 of the Hockenheimring - 2014 German Grand Prix

Ongoing deficits of the Formula One races, amounting to up to 5.3 million Euro per race that had to be covered by the local communities, made it likely the contract between the Hockenheimring and Formula One Management would not be extended after the Grand Prix of 2010. However, in October 2009 the contract for the circuit to hold the German GP was extended to 2018, with the FOA agreeing to cover any losses the event incurs. Neither Hockenheim nor the Nürburgring hosted a Grand Prix in 2015 or 2017 after the Nürburgring failed to complete an agreement with Formula 1's commercial rights holder Bernie Ecclestone. 2019 was the last time the facility hosted the

, which was sponsored by

, celebrating the German manufacturer 125th year in motorsport.

Drag racing (NitrolympX – Rico Anthes Quartermile)

From 1986 to 1988, the start–finish straight was used for 1/8 mile drag racing. In 1989, a proper drag strip was built by connecting the Opel-Kurve and the first turn entering the Motodrom section. The finish line was at the beginning of the forest, with a very long run-off on the straight in the forest. Competitors had to travel around the full race track in opposite direction to return to the paddock. The drag strip is only used for two events in August, the ''Public Race Days'' and the ' main event a week later. Originally named the ''Nitrolympics'' and featuring Top Fuel dragsters, it was renamed to NitrolympX. When the Hockenheimring was shortened in 2002, the drag strip was moved back, closer to the new tall Tower stands that allow an unusual view along the drag strip. Even though the run off was cut in half it remains one of the longest in drag racing. The NitrolympX usually host most European Drag Racing Championship, sanctioned by FIA or FIM, plus jet dragsters and other entertaining events on the Saturday night show that draws 40,000 spectators. The drag strip in 2008 was christened ''Rico Anthes Quartermile'' after the German former Top Fuel driver and long-time organizer of the NitrolympX had retired in 2007. As the dragstrip can only be prepared for professional drag racing after the last major circuit event, mainly the Formula One race, the grip is often sub par compared to permanent drag strips that host two Euro Championship events each year, like

Santa Pod Raceway Santa Pod Raceway is Europe's first permanent drag racing venue for and racing. Located in Podington, Bedfordshire, England, the drag strip was built on a disused World War II, Second World War Royal Air Force (RAF) airbase, known as RAF Pod ...

in England or Tierp Arena in Sweden. The best performances on the full quarter-mile were significantly below those in Santa Pod, and the best ET was set in 2005: 4.873 sec. and 458 km/h by Brady Kalivoda (USA). In 2012, some Pro classes could not find traction as Formula One had demanded a new surface. In subsequent years, the organizers provided a better track, with support from Santa Pod personnel and machinery. In 2016, Hockenheim, and mainland Europe, finally saw the first 3-second Top Fuel 1000 ft passes, with 3.939 sec. and by Anita Mäkelä (FIN). An overall European record for Super Street Bike was set by Garry Bowe (GB) with 7.04s .

DTM

The DTM ( Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters) series has regularly raced at the Hockenheimring since its revival in 2000. In most years, the DTM has competed there twice during a season.

Rallycross

Located in the stadia section of the track, the rallycross track uses a section of track from turns 11 to 16, combined with a dirt section in front of the grandstands. It hosted first ever World RX of Hockenheim, round 2 of

FIA World Rallycross Championship The FIA World Rallycross Championship (official abbreviation is World RX) is a rallycross series organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, FIA in conjunction with series promoter Rallycross Promoter GmbH (founded by Red Bull G ...

in 2015 as supporting event of DTM. WRX also combined with the DTM for an event there in 2017.

Layout history

Current circuit configurations

File:Circuit Hockenheimring-2002.svg, Hockenheimring Grand Prix Circuit (2002–present) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-2002-Kurzanbindung.svg, Hockenheimring Short Circuit 2 (2002–present) File:Hockenheim (Rallycross).svg, Rallycross Circuit (2015–present) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-2002 vs 1994.svg, Comparison between old layouts and new layouts of Hockenheimring

Previous configurations

File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1932.svg, Hockenheimer-Dreieck (1932–1938) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1938.svg, Kurpfalzring (1938–1965) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1938 vs 1932.svg, Comparison between Kurpfalzring and Hockenheimer-Dreieck File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1966 vs 1938.svg, Comparison between Hockenheimring and Kurpfalzring File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1966.svg, Hockenheimring Grand Prix Circuit (1966–1969) File:Hockenheimring (pre-2002) moto.svg, Hockenheimring Grand Prix Circuit (1970–1981) and Motorcycling Circuit (1982–2001) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1982.svg, Hockenheimring Grand Prix Circuit (1982–1991) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1994.svg, Hockenheimring Grand Prix Circuit (1992–2001) File:Circuit Hockenheimring-1994-Kurzanbindung.svg, Hockenheimring Short Circuit (1966–2002)

Lap records

Official record lap times are only set during the race. The fastest ever lap on the track is 1:11.212 set by Sebastian Vettel in a Ferrari SF71H during qualifying at the 2018 German Grand Prix. As of May 2025, the fastest official race lap records at the Hockenheimring are listed as:

Events

Current events

* March 28–30: DMV Goodyear Racing Days * April 11–13: Preis der Stadt Stuttgart * May 3–4: ''ADAC Racing Weekend Hockenheim'' * May 9–11: BOSS GP ''Hockenheim Historic'', Prototype Cup Germany * May 22–25: Ferrari Challenge Europe * June 6–8: International GT Open, TCR Europe Touring Car Series,

Euroformula Open Championship The Euroformula Open Championship (formerly the Spanish Formula Three Championship, European F3 Open Championship) is a junior formula racing series based in Spain. It was one of six national and international Formula Three championships in Europe ...

, GT Cup Open Europe * August 29–31: European Drag Racing Championship ' * September 19–21: Hockenheim Classics * September 26–28: ''IDM Finale'' * October 3–5: Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, Formula Regional European Championship, ADAC GT Masters, ADAC GT4 Germany, Porsche Carrera Cup Germany * October 11–12: ''ADAC Racing Weekend Hockenheim''

Former events

* 24H Series ** ''12 Hours of Hockenheimring'' (2020–2022) * ADAC Formel Masters (2008–2014) * ADAC Formula 4 (2015–2022) * ADAC TCR Germany Touring Car Championship (2016–2022) * Alpine Elf Europa Cup (2019) * BMW M1 Procar Championship (1979–1980) * Eurocup Mégane Trophy (2010) * European Formula 5000 Championship (1969–1971) * European Formula Two Championship (1967–1984) * European Touring Car Championship (1986, 2004) * EuroV8 Series (2014) * F4 Eurocup 1.6 (2010) * FIA Formula 3 European Championship (2011–2018) * FIA GT Championship (1997–1999, 2004) *

** '' World RX of Hockenheim'' (2015–2017) * FIM Endurance World Championship (1986) * Formula 3 Euro Series (2003–2012) * Formula 750 (1973, 1975–1979) * Formula BMW ADAC (2000–2007) * Formula BMW Europe (2008, 2010) *

Formula One Formula One (F1) is the highest class of worldwide racing for open-wheel single-seater formula Auto racing, racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one ...

** ''

'' (1970, 1977–1984, 1986–2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018–2019) * Formula Renault 2.0 Germany (1998–1999, 2001–2003, 2005) * Formula Renault 3.5 Series (2010) * Formula Renault Eurocup (1995–1998, 2004, 2010, 2018–2020) * Formula Renault 2.0 Middle European Championship (2004–2008, 2010) * Formula Renault Northern European Cup (2007–2018) * Formula Volkswagen Germany (2001, 2003) * French Formula Renault Championship (1978, 1980) *

** '' Baden-Württemberg motorcycle Grand Prix'' (1986) ** '' German motorcycle Grand Prix'' (1957, 1959, 1961, 1966–1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981–1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991–1994) * GP2 Series (2005-2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016) * GP3 Series (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016) * GT World Challenge Europe (2022–2024) * GT2 European Series (2021, 2024) * GT4 European Series (2022–2024) * International Formula 3000 (1990–2004) * Italian Formula Renault Championship (2004, 2006) * Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe (2010–2011) * NASCAR Whelen Euro Series (2017–2019) * Northern Talent Cup (2020, 2023) * Porsche Supercup (1993–2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018–2019) * Renault Clio Cup Europe (2021–2022, 2024) * Sidecar World Championship (1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1966–1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981–1983, 1985–1987, 1989, 1991–1994, 1999–2000) *

Superbike World Championship Superbike World Championship (also known as WorldSBK, SBK, World Superbike, WSB, or WSBK) is a silhouette road racing series based on heavily modified production sports motorcycles. The championship was founded in . The Superbike World Champion ...

(1988–1997, 1999–2000) * Supersport World Championship (1997, 1999–2000) * Superstars GTSprint Series (2010) *

Superstars Series The Superstars International Series was a production-based touring car racing championship held between 2004 and 2013. It was managed by the "Superstars World of Racing SpA", SWR, a company of FG Group with headquarters in Rome and sanctioned by ...

(2010–2011) *

TCR International Series The TCR International Series was an international Touring car racing, touring car championship. The championship was promoted by World Sporting Consulting (WSC), founded by former World Touring Car Championship manager Marcello Lotti. It was ma ...

(2016) *

Trofeo Maserati The Trofeo Maserati is a single-marque motorsport championship that was started by Maserati Corse in 2003, with the introduction of the Maserati Coupé. Its title is commonly confused as ''Maserati Trofeo'', which in fact refers to the name d ...

(2004) * Ultimate Cup Series (2022–2024) * V8Star Series (2001–2002) * W Series (2019) * World Sportscar Championship (1966–1967, 1977, 1985)

Music events

Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Michael Jackson, one of the most culturally significan ...

**'' Bad World Tour'' – 10 July 1988 **''

HIStory World Tour The ''HIS''tory World Tour was the third and final worldwide solo concert tour by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson, covering Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa and North America. The tour included a total of 82 concerts spanning the gl ...

'' – 10 August 1997 *

Tina Turner Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939 – May 24, 2023) was a singer, songwriter, actress, and author. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Queen of Rock 'n' Roll", her vocal prowess, raspy voice, and electrifyin ...

– '' Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour'' – 26 August 1990 *

Pink Floyd Pink Floyd are an English Rock music, rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic music, psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experiments ...

– '' The Division Bell Tour'' – 13 August 1994 *

The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English Rock music, rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for over six decades, they are one of the most popular, influential, and enduring bands of the Album era, rock era. In the early 1960s, the band pione ...

**'' Voodoo Lounge Tour'' – 19 August 1995 **'' Licks Tour'' and 22 June 2003 with

AC/DC AC/DC are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973. Their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock and Heavy metal music, heavy metal, although the band calls it simply "rock and roll". They are cited as a formativ ...

**'' Stiff Upper Lip World Tour'', with Buddy Guy,

Die Toten Hosen Die Toten Hosen are a German punk rock band from Düsseldorf. The name is taken from the German slang idiom ''tote Hose'' (literally "dead trousers"), which means "nothing happening"; "boring". The band has had an important success through th ...

Megadeth Megadeth is an American thrash metal band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 by vocalist and guitarist Dave Mustaine. Known for their technically complex guitar work and musicianship, Megadeth is one of the "big four" of American thrash metal—alo ...

– 10 June 2001 **'' Black Ice World Tour'' – 22 May 2009 **'' Rock or Bust World Tour'' – 16 May 2015 **'' Power Up Tour'' – 13 July 2024 *

Robbie Williams Robert Peter Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer and songwriter. He found fame as a member of the pop group Take That from 1990 to 1995, launching a solo career in 1996. His debut studio album, ''Life thru a Lens'', was re ...

– '' Close Encounters Tour'' – 12–13 August 2006 * Sonisphere Festival, headlined by

Metallica Metallica is an American heavy metal band. It was formed in Los Angeles in 1981 by vocalist and guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career. The band's fast tempos, instrume ...

– 2009 *

Hardwell Robbert van de Corput (; born 7 January 1988), known professionally as Hardwell, is a Dutch DJ and music producer from Breda. He was voted the world's number one DJ by ''DJ Mag'' in 2013 and again in 2014. In 2022, he was ranked at number 43 in ...

- 2016 *

Ed Sheeran Edward Christopher Sheeran ( ; born 17 February 1991) is an English singer-songwriter. Born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, and raised in Framlingham, Suffolk, he began writing songs around the age of eleven. In early 2011, Sheeran independently r ...

– '' ÷ Tour'' – 22–23 June 2019 *

Bruce Springsteen Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American Rock music, rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Nicknamed "the Boss", Springsteen has released 21 studio albums spanning six decades; most of his albums feature th ...

and the E Street Band – '' Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour'' – 21 July 2023

Fatal accidents

* 1968 Jim Clark, during a Formula 2 race * 1972 Bert Hawthorne, during a Formula 2 race * 1980 Markus Höttinger, during a Formula 2 race * 1980 Patrick Depailler, during a private test session * 1986 Tony Boden, during a drag racing meeting * 2014 Albert Fleming, during the Bosch Hockenheim Historic

Notes

References

External links

The official website of the Hockenheimring
(English version)

The Formula One Database
Circuit Guide – Hockenheim, Germany
BBC Sport, 17 February 2006
Onboard video of one lap of Hockenheimring (MP4, 9,7 MB)
Fastvoice

Absolute Cars – Hockenheim Short Power Laps
The Hockenheimring on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)

The History of the Hockenheimring
Official website
Official Facebook page

Live webcam of the circuit
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