Heinrich Gräfe or Graefe (3 March 1802 – 22 July 1868) was a German educator.

Biography

Gräfe was born on 3 March 1802 at

Buttstädt Buttstädt is a municipality in the Sömmerda (district), district of Sömmerda, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated 16 km northeast of Weimar. The former municipalities Ellersleben, Eßleben-Teutleben, Großbrembach, Guthmannshausen, Hard ...

Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Weimar () was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia. The chief town and capital was Weimar. The Weimar branch was the most genealogically senior extant branch of the House of W ...

. He studied

mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

and

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

Jena Jena (; ) is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 in ...

, and in 1823 obtained a curacy in the town church of Weimar. He was transferred to Jena as rector of the town school in 1825; in 1840 he was also appointed extraordinary professor of the science of education (''Pädagogik'') in that university; and in 1842 he became head of the Burgersckule (middle class school) in

Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in North Hesse, northern Hesse, in Central Germany (geography), central Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel (region), Kassel and the d ...

. After reorganizing the schools of the town, he became director of the new Realschule in 1843; and, devoting himself to the interests of educational reform in the

Electorate of Hesse The Electorate of Hesse (), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen, was the title used for the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel after an 1803 reform where the Holy Roman Emperor elevated its ruler to the rank of Elector, thus giving him ...

, he became in 1849 a member of the school commission, and also entered the house of representatives, where he made himself somewhat formidable as an agitator. In 1852, for having been implicated in the September riots and in the movement against the unpopular minister Hassenpflug, who had dissolved the school commission, he was condemned to three years imprisonment, a sentence afterwards reduced to one of twelve months. On his release he withdrew to

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

, where he engaged at the International Boarding School La Châtelaine (owner and director Achilles Roediger) until 1855, when he was appointed director of the ''Realschule in der Altstadt'' at

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (, ), is the capital of the States of Germany, German state of the Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (), a two-city-state consisting of the c ...

until his death on 21 July 1868. His successor was Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau. Besides being the author of many text-books and occasional papers on educational subjects, he wrote ''Des Rechisverhaltnis der Volksschule von innen und aussen'' (1829); ''Die Schulreform'' (1834); ''Schule fend Unterricht'' (1839); ''Allgemeine Pädagogik'' (1845); ''Die deutsche Volksschule'' (1847). Together with Naumann, he also edited the ''Archiv für das praktische Volksschulwesen'' (1828-1835).

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grafe, Heinrich 1802 births 1868 deaths People from Buttstädt People from Saxe-Weimar