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Havířov () is a city in
Karviná District Karviná District () is a Okres, district in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Karviná, but the most populated city is Havířov. Administrative division Karviná District is divided into five Distric ...
in the
Moravian-Silesian Region The Moravian-Silesian Region () is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 69,000 inhabitants, making it the second largest city in the region. Havířov was founded in 1955 and is the youngest Czech city. It is an industrial city, historically associated with hard coal mining in the region.


Administrative division

Havířov consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): * Bludovice (2,616) *
Dolní Datyně (Polish language, Polish: , ) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of the city of Havířov in 1974. It had a population of 576 in 2020. The ...
(580) * Dolní Suchá (1,011) *Město (28,871) *Podlesí (13,660) * Prostřední Suchá (4,439) * Šumbark (15,668) * Životice (1,308)


Etymology

In a competition to name the city in 1956, various names were suggested, such as
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
, Gottwaldův Horníkov (after
Klement Gottwald Klement Gottwald (; 23 November 1896 – 14 March 1953) was a Czech communist politician, who was the leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1929 until his death in 1953 – titled as general secretary until 1945 and as chairman f ...
), Zápotockýgrad (after
Antonín Zápotocký Antonín Zápotocký (; 19 December 1884 – 13 November 1957) was a Czech communist politician and statesman in Czechoslovakia. He served as the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953, and then as President of Czechoslovakia from 1 ...
) and "Čestprácov" (derived from the socialist-era greeting ''čest práci''). Eventually it was decided that the city should be named Havířov (from ''havíř'', i.e. 'miner', with the possessive suffix ''-ov'').


Geography

Havířov is located about east of
Ostrava Ostrava (; ; ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 283,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rivers: Oder, Opava (river), Opa ...
and is urbanistically fused with neighbouring
Šenov Šenov (; ; ) is a town in Ostrava-City District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,600 inhabitants. Geography Šenov is located southeast of Ostrava, in its immediate vicinity. It is urbanistically fused with ...
. It lies in the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( ; or ; or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided betwe ...
. It lies mostly in the Ostrava Basin lowland, but in the south, the municipal territory also extends into the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The Lučina River flows through the town.


History

The first written mention of settlements in today's Havířov area is from 1305 (Horní Suchá and Dolní Suchá). Bludovice was first mentioned in 1335 and Šumbark in 1438. Havířov was founded on top of several villages with significant Polish populations after World War II as a
coal mining Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...
town to restore
hard coal Anthracite, also known as hard coal and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic lustre. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highe ...
mining in the region. Building of first housing estates for miners and their families began in 1947. Havířov was officially established in 1955 and in the same year received the status of a town. Today, the original villages are administrative parts of the city and mostly lie on the outskirts of urban Havířov. In 1975–1990, Horní Suchá, now a separate municipality, was a part of Havířov. Most of the buildings of the new city were built in the style of socialist realism.


Demographics


Economy

The city is historically connected with the mining of hard coal in the region. In the territory of Dolní Suchá was the Dukla coal mine, which was in operation between 1907 and 2007.


Transport

Havířov lies on the railway line of national importance to
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
via Ostrava and
Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...
. It also lies on a railway line heading from
Český Těšín Český Těšín (; ; ) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. Český Těšín lies on the west bank of the Olza (river), Olza river, in the heart of the historical ...
to
Opava Opava (; , ) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 55,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Opava (river), Opava River. Opava is one of the historical centres of Silesia and was a historical capital of Czech Sile ...
.


Sport

The city's football club,
MFK Havířov MFK Havířov is a Czech football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' gen ...
, competes in the
Czech Fourth Division The Czech Fourth Division () is the fourth tier of football in the Czech Republic. The level consists of six divisions, named Divize A-F, each holding 16 teams. The top teams from Divize A, B and C are promoted to the Bohemian Football League while ...
. In the past, the team appeared for several seasons in Czech 2. Liga. Football club MFK Havířov was founded in 1922 as ''ČSK Moravská Suchá''. MFK Havířov has two pitches and one artificial pitch. They have nickname which is "indians" according to American bikers. Their matches are played on pitches in Prostřední Suchá. The ice hockey club AZ Havířov appears in the
1st Czech Republic Hockey League The Maxa liga is the second-highest level of professional ice hockey in the Czech Republic, after the Czech Extraliga, Extraliga. It began in 1993 and is run and administered by Czech Ice Hockey Association. Until 2015, the league was known as t ...
, the second-tier league of ice hockey in the country. The town is also represented by RC Havířov in rugby. The club used to play in the highest Czech division of rugby. Havířov hosted the prologue and the third stage, both an
individual time trial An individual time trial (ITT) is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock (in French: ''contre la montre'' – literally "against the watch", in Italian: ''tappa a cronometro'' "stopwatch stage"). There are also trac ...
, of the
2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...
and
2013 Gracia-Orlová The 2013 Gracia–Orlová is the 27th edition of the Gracia–Orlová, a women's cycling stage race. It is an Union Cycliste Internationale, UCI 2.2 category race and is held between 24 and 28 April 2012 in the Czech Republic. It consists of a prol ...
.


Sights

The most important monument is the memorial to the victims of Nazi terror, protected as a national cultural monument. It was built in 1949. The monument consists of a granite wall with a sandstone sculpture of a woman with a child. There are three churches, protected as cultural monuments. The Church of Saint Anne was built in the Empire style in 1841–1845. The Church of Saint Margaret the Virgin in Bludovice was built in 1786–1792. It is a typical Baroque rural church. The Lutheran church in Bludovice was built in 1782–1784 and is the oldest church in Havířov. The tower was added in 1850–1852. The Šumbark Castle was originally a medieval fortress, rebuilt into a Renaissance castle in the 16th century and then rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 18th century. Today it is a hotel. A unique remnant of the original villages before the founding of the city is Kotula's log cabin. It dates from 1781. Today it is a small museum with an exhibition of folk housing in the region. Next to the log cabin is a barn from the late 17th century and a windmill.


Notable people

* Jan Bystroń (1860–1902), Polish linguist * Józef Kiedroń (1879–1932), Polish mining engineer and politician * Martin Mainer (born 1959), artist and professor * Daniel Zítka (born 1975), footballer * Jan Laštůvka (born 1982), footballer * Dominik Graňák (born 1983), ice hockey player * Robert Mayer (born 1989), ice hockey player * Pavel Maslák (born 1991), sprinter * Kateřina Pauláthová (born 1993), alpine skier * David Pastrňák (born 1996), ice hockey player *
Ondřej Lingr Ondřej Lingr (born 7 October 1998) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Major League Soccer club Houston Dynamo and the Czech Republic national team. Club career On 12 May 2017, Lingr made his Czech ...
(born 1998), footballer


Twin towns – sister cities

Havířov is twinned with: * Collegno, Italy *
Harlow Harlow is a town and local government district located in the west of Essex, England. Founded as a Planned community, new town in 1947, it is situated on the border with Hertfordshire, and occupies a large area of land on the south bank of the ...
, England, United Kingdom *
Jastrzębie-Zdrój Jastrzębie-Zdrój (, ) is a city in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland with 86,632 inhabitants (2021). Its name comes from the Polish words ''jastrząb'' ("hawk") and ''zdrój'' ("spa" or "spring"). From 1861 until the 20th century, it w ...
, Poland * Mažeikiai, Lithuania *
Omiš Omiš () is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is approximately south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split (city), Split, where the Cetina River meets the Adriatic ...
, Croatia * Paide, Estonia * Turčianske Teplice, Slovakia * Zagorje ob Savi, Slovenia


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Havirov Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Cities in Silesia Populated places in Karviná District Socialist planned cities Populated places established in 1955 1955 establishments in Czechoslovakia