Günter Hessler

Günter Hessler (14 June 1909 – 4 April 1968) was a German naval officer during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat , sinking twenty-one ships on three patrols, totalling of Allied shipping. Hessler was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and was commissioned after the war to write an account of the U-boat war by the British Ministry of Defence.

Military career

Günter Hessler joined the '' Reichsmarine'' of the Weimar Republic on 5 April 1927 as a member of "Crew 1927" (the incoming class of 1927). He underwent basic military training in the 8th company, 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (5 April 1927 – 3 July 1927). Hessler was then transferred to the training ship SSS ''Niobe'' (4 July 1927 – 31 October 1927), attaining the rank of ''Seekadett'' (midshipman) on 1 October 1927. After more than 16 months aboard the light cruiser (1 November 1927 – 17 March 1929) he underwent officer cadet training at the Naval Academy at Mürwik, which included navigational training cruises on the tender ''Frauenlob'' and the survey vessel ''Meteor''. Hessler then advanced in rank to ''Fähnrich zur See'' (officer cadet) on 1 April 1929.

On 2 October 1936 he was appointed watch officer on the Aviso ''Grille'', Adolf Hitler's state yacht, and on 30 March 1938 transferred to the battleship ''Gneisenau''. In 1937 he married Karl Dönitz's daughter, Ursula. The marriage produced two sons, Peter and Klaus, and a daughter, Ute. Hessler took command of torpedo-boat ''Falke'' on 27 March 1938. He remained in this position until 8 January 1940, earning the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 18 November 1939. ''Falke'' was assigned to the 5th Torpedo-boat flotilla on 4 April 1939. On the outbreak of World War II ''Falke'' was tasked with laying defensive naval mines and escort and security duties in the North Sea. In April 1940 Hessler transferred to the U-boat arm, and six months later commissioned the , without, unusually, having served as either a 1. ''Wachoffizier'' (1. WO—1st watch officer) or a ''Kommandantenschüler'' ("Commander-in-Training").

On his first patrol (24 January 1941 – 1 March 1941) Hessler sank four ships with a total of , but he became famous on his second patrol (29 March 1941 – 2 July 1941) — the most successful patrol of the entire war — sinking 14 ships with a total of . ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Helmut Witte was his first watch officer on these two patrols.

His third patrol (6 September 1941 – 11 November 1941) accounted for another three ships, totalling 13,641 tons, giving Hessler a career tally of 21 ships totalling , including two Royal Navy ocean boarding vessels HMS ''Crispin'' and . Hessler then handed over command of ''U-107'' to Harald Gelhaus and transferred to the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (BdU). He served on the naval staff as 1. ''Admiralstabsoffizier'' (Asto—officer of the admiralty staff) from 24 November 1941 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945.

Post-war

After the war Hessler spent over a year in Allied captivity, and testified at the Nuremberg Trials on behalf of the ''Ubootwaffe'' and his father-in-law, '' Großadmiral'' Karl Dönitz. In 1947 Hessler was commissioned to write ''The U-Boat War in the Atlantic'', an account of the German U-boat offensive, by the British Royal Navy. Assisted by Alfred Hoschatt, the former commander of ''U-378'' and also a staff officer of the BdU, he completed the three volume work in 1951. Hessler died in 1968 aged 58.

Awards

* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (18 November 1939)
** 1st Class (1 March 1941)
* U-boat War Badge (1939) (3 July 1941)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 June 1941 as ''Kapitänleutnant'' and commander of ''U-107''
* German Cross in Gold on 9 November 1944 as ''Korvettenkapitän'' with the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote

Works

* Great Britain Ministry of Defence (Navy) and Hessler, Günter (1989). ''U Boat War in the Atlantic 1939–1945: German Naval History''. Stationery Office. .

References

Bibliography

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hessler, Gunter
1909 births
1968 deaths
U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Reichsmarine personnel
Military personnel from Brandenburg
German military writers