Greensleeves

"Greensleeves" is a traditional English folk song. A broadside ballad by the name "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves" was registered by Richard Jones at the London Stationers' Company in September 1580,Frank Kidson, ''English Folk-Song and Dance''. READ BOOKS, 2008, p.26. John M. Ward, "'And Who But Ladie Greensleeues?'", in ''The Well Enchanting Skill: Music, Poetry, and Drama in the Culture of the Renaissance: Essays in Honour of F. W. Sternfeld'', edited by John Caldwell, Edward Olleson, and Susan Wollenberg, 181–211 (Oxford:Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 181. . and the tune is found in several late 16th-century and early 17th-century sources, such as ''Ballet's MS Lute Book'' and '' Het Luitboek van Thysius'', as well as various manuscripts preserved in the Seeley Historical Library in the University of Cambridge.

Origin

A broadside ballad by this name was registered at the London Stationer's Company in September 1580, by Richard Jones, as "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves". Six more ballads followed in less than a year, one on the same day, 3 September 1580 ("Ye Ladie Greene Sleeves answere to Donkyn hir frende" by Edward White), then on 15 and 18 September (by Henry Carr and again by White), 14 December (Richard Jones again), 13 February 1581 (Wiliam Elderton), and August 1581 (White's third contribution, "Greene Sleeves is worne awaie, Yellow Sleeves Comme to decaie, Blacke Sleeves I holde in despite, But White Sleeves is my delighte"). Hyder Edward Rollins,
An Analytical Index to the Ballad-Entries (1557–1709) in the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London
' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1924): nos, 1892, 1390, 1051, 1049, 1742, 2276, 1050. Cited in John M. Ward, "'And Who But Ladie Greensleeues?'", in ''The Well Enchanting Skill: Music, Poetry, and Drama in the Culture of the Renaissance: Essays in Honour of F. W. Sternfeld'', edited by John Caldwell, Edward Olleson, and Susan Wollenberg, 181–211 (Oxford:Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 181–82. . It then appears in the surviving '' A Handful of Pleasant Delights'' (1584) as ''A New Courtly Sonnet of the Lady Green Sleeves. To the new tune of Green Sleeves''.

It is a common myth that Greensleeves was written by King Henry VIII. However, Henry did not write Greensleeves as the piece is based on an Italian style of composition that did not reach England until after his death.

Lyrical interpretation

A possible interpretation of the lyrics is that Lady Green Sleeves was a promiscuous young woman, perhaps even a prostitute. At the time, the word "green" had sexual connotations, most notably in the phrase "a green gown", a reference to the grass stains on a woman's dress from engaging in sexual intercourse outdoors. Vance Randolph ''"Unprintable" Ozark Folksongs and Folklore, Volume I, Folksongs and Music'', page 47, University of Arkansas Press, 1992,

An alternative explanation is that Lady Green Sleeves was, through her costume, incorrectly assumed to be sexually promiscuous. Her "discourteous" rejection of the singer's advances supports the contention that she is not.

In Nevill Coghill's translation of ''The Canterbury Tales'', he explains that "green or Chaucer's agewas the colour of lightness in love. This is echoed in 'Greensleeves is my delight' and elsewhere."

Alternative lyrics

Christmas and New Year texts were associated with the tune from as early as 1686, and by the 19th century almost every printed collection of Christmas carols included some version of words and music together, most of them ending with the refrain "On Christmas Day in the morning".John M. Ward, "'And Who But Ladie Greensleeues?'", in ''The Well Enchanting Skill: Music, Poetry, and Drama in the Culture of the Renaissance: Essays in Honour of F. W. Sternfeld'', edited by John Caldwell, Edward Olleson, and Susan Wollenberg, 181–211 (Oxford:Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 193. . One of the most popular of these is " What Child Is This?", written in 1865 by William Chatterton Dix.

Early literary references

In Shakespeare's ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'' (written c. 1597; first published in 1602), the character Mistress Ford refers twice to "the tune of 'Greensleeves'", and Falstaff later exclaims:

These allusions indicate the song was already well known at that time.

Form

"Greensleeves" can have a ground either of the form called a '' romanesca''; or its slight variant, the '' passamezzo antico''; or the ''passamezzo antico'' in its verses and the ''romanesca'' in its reprise; or of the Andalusian progression in its verses and the ''romanesca'' or ''passamezzo antico'' in its reprise. The romanesca originated in SpainHarvey Turnbull, ''The Guitar from the Renaissance to the Present'' (1992), p.31. . See: . and is composed of a sequence of four chords with a simple, repeating bass, which provide the groundwork for variations and improvisation.

Uses

* The tune was used (as "My Lady Greensleeves") as the slow march of the London Trained Bands in the 16th and 17th centuries. Later the 7th (City of London) Battalion London Regiment, which claimed descent from the Yellow Regiment of London Trained Bands, adopted the tune as its quick march during World War I, replacing "Austria" (to the same tune as the Imperial Austria Anthem), which had been used until then.
* Greensleeves is the tune for the classic Christmas carol " What Child Is This?".
* The 17th century English ballad, ''Old England Grown New'' is a version of "Greensleeves", also sometimes known as 'The Blacksmith' after another broadside ballad of the time.
* Ralph Vaughan Williams incorporated ''Greensleeves'' as the song ''Alas, My Love, You Do Me Wrong'' for Mistress Ford in Act III of his 1928 opera '' Sir John in Love''. Its contrasting middle section is founded on another folk tune: '' Lovely Joan''. In 1934 the song was arranged for strings and harp, with Vaughan Williams's blessing, by Ralph Greaves (1889–1966); this is the familiar ''Fantasia on Greensleeves''.
* Gustav Holst incorporated the tune into the final movement of his Second Suite in F for Military Band, interwoven with the primary theme, "Dargason". He later adapted the movement for strings, still using both folk tunes, in his St Paul's Suite.
* The tune was the basis for "Home in the Meadow", a recurring song throughout the 1962 epic film '' How the West Was Won''.
* The song is traditionally played by ice cream vans in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. It is also played by ice cream trucks in the United States, albeit rarely.
* Belgian singer Jacques Brel used the tune for the basis of his 1964 song Amsterdam.
* Instrumental versions of "Greensleeves" were used in the long-running original '' Lassie'' television series, both in a seven-part 1966 story and as the show's theme song for its last three seasons (1970–1973).
* Canadian singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen includes an adaptation of the song, titled "Leaving Green Sleeves" in his 1974 album '' New Skin for the Old Ceremony'', in which the chord progression and lyrical content of the first two verses are retained.
* The melody of "Greensleeves" is used repeatedly as a motif in ''SIX'', a musical about the wives of Henry VIII.
* In Hong Kong, "Greensleeves" is used as background music in the listening tests of the city's university entrance exams, the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination.
* In Hong Kong, upon the opening of the MTR's Tuen Ma line in 2021, a video of a young rail enthusiast singing the lyrics " I'm really excited about the opening of Tuen Ma line" to the tune of "Greensleeves" became a viral internet meme. The MTR created its own edition of the song for the extension of the East Rail line in 2022.
* In ''Mr. Sunshine'', a Korean drama, this music is used on several occasions.
* The song is commonly featured in electronic keyboards as one of the built-in songs.
* The tune has been covered by the London Vegetable Orchestra

References

External links

* Public domain music recording
*

Transcription of the lyrics from ''A Handful of Pleasant Delights'' (1584)
*


see under Greensleeves
Greensleeves
on TradTune.com

{{Authority control

1580 works
16th-century songs
British songs
English folk songs
Folk ballads
Glen Campbell songs
Hymn tunes
William Ballet's Lute Book