Grand Island is a city in and the

county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...

of Hall County,

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

, United States. The population was 53,131 at the 2020 census, making it the 4th most populous city in Nebraska. Grand Island is the principal city of the Grand Island metropolitan area, which consists of Hall, Merrick, and

Howard Howard is a masculine given name derived from the English surname Howard. ''The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names'' notes that "the use of this surname as a christian name is quite recent and there seems to be no particular reason for ...

counties. The Grand Island metropolitan area has an official population of 83,472 residents. Grand Island has been given the All-America City Award four times (1955, 1967, 1981, and 1982) by the National Civic League. Grand Island is home to the Nebraska Law Enforcement Training Center, which is the sole agency responsible for training law enforcement officers throughout the state, as well as the home of the Southern Power District serving southern Nebraska. Ammunition manufacturer Hornady is also located there.

History

19th century

In 1857, 35 German settlers left

Davenport, Iowa Davenport ( ) is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. It is situated along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state. Davenport had a population of 101,724 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 cen ...

, and headed west to Nebraska to start a new settlement on an island known by French traders as ''La Grande Isle'', which was formed by the Wood River and the Platte River. The settlers reached their destination on July 4, 1857, and by September had built housing using local timber. They set up farms but initially had no market to sell their goods until a market opened at Fort Kearny. When the Pike's Peak Gold Rush began, Grand Island was the last place travelers could obtain supplies before they crossed the plains. Surveyors from the

Union Pacific Railroad The Union Pacific Railroad is a Railroad classes, Class I freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Pacific is the second largest railroad in the United Stat ...

(UP) laid out a town called Grand Island Station and many settlers living on Grand Island moved to the new town, located slightly inland from the island. In 1868 the railroad reached the area, bringing increased trade and business. Grand Island became the end of the east division of the railroad and UP built service facilities for their locomotives in the town as well as an elegant hotel for passengers providing a boost for the local economy. The cost of the railroad coming into town was the denudement of most of the hardwood trees on the island for use as ties for the railroad. By 1870, 1,057 people lived in the town, and in 1872 the town was incorporated as Grand Island. In about 1890, sugar beets were introduced as a crop in Nebraska. The first sugar beet processing factory in the United States was built in the southwest part of Grand Island. By 1900, it was the state's third largest city.

20th century

Throughout the 20th century, Grand Island experienced steady growth due to its strategic location along the railroad. The city remained Nebraska's third largest city throughout the entire century, before being surpassed by Bellevue in 2000.

21st century

Grand Island has experienced a number of revitalization efforts in the 21st century. These include several expansions to the city's airport, as well as the relocation of the Nebraska State Fair to Grand Island.

1980 tornadoes

On June 3, 1980, Grand Island was hit by a massive supercell storm. Through the course of the evening, the city was ravaged by seven

tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...

es, the worst of which was rated F4 on the

Fujita Scale The Fujita scale (F-Scale; ), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determ ...

. The hardest hit area of town was the South Locust business district. There were five deaths as a result of the tornadoes. Tornado Hill is a local landmark created as a direct result of the tornadoes. Debris that could not be recycled was burned near Fonner Park and what remained was buried within Ryder Park, on the west end of town. The base of the hill was a hole deep and nearly across, and the hill is high. It is used for sledding in this otherwise flat area. A book, '' Night of the Twisters'', by Ivy Ruckman, and movie were based on this event.

Geography

According to the

United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...

, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Grand Island is located just a few miles north of the Platte River, one of Nebraska's most prominent rivers on which many of the state's major cities and towns sit.

Metropolitan area

The Grand Island Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Hall, Hamilton, Howard, and Merrick counties. Hamilton was added to the metropolitan area in 2012. The Grand Island MSA is home to 76,479 people (2023 estimate), making it one of the smallest in the United States.

Climate

Environmental issues

In 1981, a plume of contaminated groundwater was discovered beneath the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant, which occupies west of Grand Island. The plume extended northeast of the plant and migrated towards Grand Island. Hazardous level of

RDX RDX (Research Department Explosive or Royal Demolition Explosive) or hexogen, among other names, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2N2O2)3. It is white, odorless, and tasteless, widely used as an explosive. Chemically, it is classified ...

and TNT were discovered, remnants of the explosives produced at the plant during various wars. In 1987, the Army burned about 40,000 tons of explosives-contaminated soil. In 1998, a pump-and-treat facility that continues to operate was built to cycle contaminated water through an explosives residue-removal system. The Army injected "hot spots" of contamination substances to curtail the contamination. , TNT and RDX were still present. Construction of a primary water detention cell for flood control has been delayed by the slow cleanup.

Demographics

2020 census

The 2020 United States census counted 53,131 people, 19,601 households, and 12,983 families in Grand Island. The population density was 1,765.7 per square mile (681.9/km). There were 20,758 housing units at an average density of 689.9 per square mile (266.4/km). The racial makeup was 65.82% (34,970)

white White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

, 3.53% (1,876) black or African-American, 1.62% (859) Native American, 1.31% (695) Asian, 0.07% (35)

Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...

, 17.33% (9,205) from other races, and 10.33% (5,491) from two or more races.

Hispanic The term Hispanic () are people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or broadly. In some contexts, Hispanic and Latino Americans, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an Ethnici ...

or Latino of any race was 32.0% (16,585) of the population. Of the 19,601 households, 35.4% had children under the age of 18; 46.5% were married couples living together; 25.2% had a female householder with no husband present. 27.5% of households consisted of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.1. 27.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 103.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 100.8 males. The 2016-2020 5-year

American Community Survey The American Community Survey (ACS) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the United States Census Bureau. It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the United States census, decennial census ...

estimates show that the median household income was $56,513 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,441) and the median family income $66,755 (+/- $4,142). Males had a median income of $37,579 (+/- $2,047) versus $29,532 (+/- $1,595) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $33,197 (+/- $1,293). Approximately, 9.3% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the

poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...

, including 16.6% of those under the age of 18 and 10.2% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the

census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...

of 2010, there were 48,520 people, 18,326 households, and 11,846 families living in the city. The

population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...

was . There were 19,426 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 80.0%

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

, 2.1%

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

, 1.0% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2%

, 13.1% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races.

or Latino people of any race were 26.7% of the population. There were 18,326 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were

married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...

living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.20. The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

2000 census

As of the

of 2000, there were 42,940 people, 16,426 households, and 11,038 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 17,421 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.72%

, 0.42%

, 0.33% Native American, 1.31% Asian, 0.17%

, 9.64% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races.

or Latino people of any race were 15.94% of the population. There were 16,426 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were

living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,044, and the median income for a family was $43,197. Males had a median income of $28,925 versus $20,521 for females. The

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such ...

for the city was $17,071. About 9.9% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the

, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those aged 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Nebraska State Fair

In 2010, Grand Island became the home of the Nebraska State Fair. Each year, the fair attracts thousands of people to the city, with a record attendance of over 300,000 in 2024. Sthurmuseum

Stuhr Museum

The Stuhr Museum, also known as the Museum of the Pioneer Prairie, is a museum located in southwestern Grand Island. The museum houses over 140,000 artifacts from early settlers in central Nebraska, and features a living history village called Railroad Town. Railroad Town is designed to evoke an 1890s-era prairie village and made up of many original period structures moved to the museum.

Parks and recreation

There are several parks located within Grand Island. The most prominent of these include Stolley Park, and the George Clayton Hall County Park.

Government

Grand Island has a mayor–council government. The mayor and a ten-member

city council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough counc ...

are elected in nonpartisan elections. Two members are elected from each of the city's five wards to staggered four-year terms. At the most recent mayoral election, incumbent Mayor Roger G. Steele was re-elected to a second term.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Major highways

Interstate 80 is located south of Grand Island. U.S. Route 281 is the main north-south route in the city, running through the city's west edge south to

Hastings Hastings ( ) is a seaside town and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England, east of Lewes and south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place to th ...

, and north to O'Neill. U.S. Route 30 runs east-west through the center of Grand Island.

Railways

Located on the route of the

first transcontinental railroad America's first transcontinental railroad (known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad), Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line built between 1863 and 1869 that connected the exis ...

, Grand Island is a major freight rail hub with more than 140 freight trains per day passing through the city on lines operated by

Union Pacific The Union Pacific Railroad is a Class I freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Pacific is the second largest railroad in the United States after BNSF, ...

, BNSF, and the Nebraska Central Railroad.

Airport

Central Nebraska Regional Airport is located in Grand Island. On September 4, 2008, Allegiant Air began nonstop service from Grand Island to

Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas, colloquially referred to as Vegas, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Clark County. The Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area is the largest within the greater Mojave Desert, and second-l ...

. In June 2011, American Eagle Airlines began providing service to Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, twice daily. Intercity buses operated by Burlington Trailways and Express Arrow serve Grand Island. The city's transit system is entirely demand-responsive, with rides requiring reservation 24 hours in advance. As of 2023, Grand Island is the largest city in Nebraska without fixed-route public transit. Fixed route service was studied, but not recommended, in the GO Grand Island Transit 2023 Transit Development Plan. Grand Island also sports a total of fifteen traffic circles, many of which are within close proximity to each other. This system allows for particularly efficient through-traffic while sacrificing speed and barring transportation to some locations by certain, longer vehicles. Of these fifteen recorded roundabouts, fourteen are designated "official," while one is reportedly an "unofficial" insertion into the Grand Island's public transportation network.

Hospitals

As of 2024, Grand Island is served by CHI Health St. Francis Hospital, with 153 beds. The city is also served by Grand Island Regional Medical Center, which opened in 2020.

Media

Radio stations

* KRGI (AM) 1430 * LA GRAN D 93.3 * KRGI-FM 96.5 * KRGY FM 97.3 * KKJK FM 103.1 * KSYZ-FM 107.7
KMTY-FM
97.7/99.7

Education

School districts

* Grand Island Public Schools * Grand Island Northwest Public Schools

High schools

* Central Catholic High School * Grand Island Senior High School * Heartland Lutheran High School * Northwest High School

Colleges

Central Community College Central Community College is a Community colleges in the United States, two-year Nebraska public college with three campuses, in Columbus, Nebraska, Columbus, Grand Island, Nebraska, Grand Island, and Hastings, Nebraska, Hastings. In addition the ...

* University of Nebraska at Kearney

Notable people

* Edith Abbott, social worker * Grace Abbott, helped draft the Social Security Act * Rick Allen, NASCAR commentator for

NBC Sports NBC Sports is an American programming division for NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, that is responsible for sports broadcasts on their broadcast network NBC, the Cable television, cable channels NBC owns, and on Peacock (streaming service) ...

* Parnelia Augustine, painter * Bil Baird, puppeteer * Bo Evans, computer pioneer * Joe Feeney,

tenor A tenor is a type of male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second B below m ...

on '' The Lawrence Welk Show'' * Henry Fonda,

Academy Award The Academy Awards, commonly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit in film. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) in the United States in recognition of excellence ...

-winning film actor * Dick Cavett * Channing Hill, jockey * George J. Marrett, member Nebraska Aviation Hall of Fame,

test pilot A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.Stinton, Darrol. ''Flying Qualities and Flight Testin ...

and author * G. P. Mix, two-time lieutenant governor of Idaho * Gertrude Nafe, teacher, essayist * John Parrella, former NFL player * John Pedersen, arms designer * Tom Rathman, former NFL player * Rebecca Richards-Kortum, bioengineering professor and MacArthur Fellow * Jeff Richardson, baseball player * Eve Ryder, artist * William Henry Thompson, former U.S. Senator from Nebraska * Edgar A. Wedgwood, sheriff of Hall County, Nebraska and adjutant general of the Utah National Guard * Simeon Burt Wolbach, pathologist

Notes

References

External links

City of Grand Island

''The Grand Island Independent Newspaper''

Grand Island Public Library
{{authority control 1872 establishments in Nebraska Cities in Nebraska County seats in Nebraska Post at Grand Island Grand Island micropolitan area Cities in Hall County, Nebraska Populated places established in 1872 Pre-statehood history of Nebraska French-American history of Nebraska