Gorzanów
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Gorzanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within
Kłodzko County __NOTOC__ Kłodzko County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed ...
,
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship (, ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the wealthiest ...
, in south-western Poland. There is a large Gorzanów Castle in the village. It lies approximately north of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, south of
Kłodzko Kłodzko (; ; ; ) is a historic town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. It is situated in the centre of the Kłodzko Valley, on the Eastern Neisse (Nysa Kłodzka) river. Kłodzko is the seat of Kłodzko County (and of the ru ...
, and south of the regional capital
Wrocław Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...
.


Name and history

The earliest name of the locality seems to have been the German appellation ''Arnoldsdorf'' (or ''Arnsdorf''), derived from the personal name ''Arnold'' (+''dorf''), probably the name of the
Lokator The ''lokator'' (lat. ''locator'': landlord, land allocator, from Latin to allocate, rent, establish, settle or locate; also ''magister incolarum''; in Mecklenburg and Pomerania also or , similar to the ''Reutemeister'' in South Germany) was a ...
who brought German farmers to the village. The later German name of ''Grafenort'' derives from the noble title ''
Graf (; feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title ...
'' (+''ort'', "locality"). In the seventeenth century the owner of the village was Johann Gundacker ''Graf'' von Heberstein. The name "Gorzanów" was introduced officially only ''after'' 1945. The name "Gorzanów" appears in the standard gazetteer of Polish place-names, the '' Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego'' (vol. 7, p. 239, col. 1), only with reference to a Polish village in the
Podolia Podolia or Podillia is a historic region in Eastern Europe located in the west-central and southwestern parts of Ukraine and northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria). Podolia is bordered by the Dniester River and Boh River. It features ...
, a different geographical region. The village discussed in the present article is listed under the name ''Grafenort'' (''Słownik geograficzny'', vol. 2, p. 791, col. 1), without a corresponding Polish
toponymic Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper nam ...
. The history of the village dates back to the 12th century, when a defensive stronghold existed at the site.Waldemar Brygier, Tomasz Dudziak, '' et al.'', ''Ziemia Kłodzka: przewodnik dla prawdziwego turysty'',
Piastów Piastów is a town in central Poland in the Masovian Voivodship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, with 23,331 inhabitants (2006 est). With 3963 persons/km², it is the second most population density, densely populated township in Poland (afte ...
, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz, 2010, p. 328. .
In the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...
at various times it was part of
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
or
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
. Probably in the 14th century a royal castle was built, which was destroyed in 1470, and the remains were dismantled around 1804. It was annexed by
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
in the 18th century and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany. The '' Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego'' states that, historically, theatrical performances were staged at "the beautiful castle of the Hebersteins" three times a week for eight months of the year, and that the place was known for its "steam baths". The village had a Catholic church, and a chapel dedicated to St. Anthony surmounting a hill of the same name, which rises to the height of 1,053 feet above sea level. The location is described as "utterly exquisite" (''prześliczne położenie''). During the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
the
Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
established a
concentration camp A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitati ...
on the premises of the palace, a satellite camp of
Gross-Rosen concentration camp Gross-Rosen was a network of Nazi concentration camps built and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II. The main camp was located in the German village of Gross-Rosen, now the modern-day Rogoźnica in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, di ...
. A present-day guidebook describes the "palace of Gorzanów" as being in a complete state of dilapidation, unfit to accommodate sightseers.Waldemar Brygier, Tomasz Dudziak, '' et al.'', ''Ziemia Kłodzka: przewodnik dla prawdziwego turysty'',
Piastów Piastów is a town in central Poland in the Masovian Voivodship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, with 23,331 inhabitants (2006 est). With 3963 persons/km², it is the second most population density, densely populated township in Poland (afte ...
, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz, 2010, p. 219. .


Gallery

2014 Zamek w Gorzanowie 5.jpg, Castle 2015 Wiejski Ośrodek Kultury w Gorzanowie.JPG, Culture centre 2014 Gorzanów, figura św. Jana Nepomucena 03.JPG, Statue of Saint
John of Nepomuk John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (; ; ) ( 1345 – 20 March 1393) was a saint of Bohemia (a western part of what is now the Czech Republic) who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Later accounts st ...
2015 Kaplica św. Barbary w Gorzanowie 02.JPG, Saint Barbara chapel


References

{{Authority control Villages in Kłodzko County