Emperor Giản Định (, vi-hantu, 簡定帝, 1375–1410),

real name A legal name is the name that identifies a person for legal, administrative and other official purposes. A person's legal birth name generally is the name of the person that was given for the purpose of registration of the birth and which then ...

Trần Ngỗi (陳頠), was the leader of the Vietnamese Trần royalist forces who rebelled against the Ming Chinese rule. Giản Định was the second son of

Trần Nghệ Tông Trần Nghệ Tông ( vi-hantu, 陳藝宗, 20 December 1321 – 6 January 1395), given name Trần Phủ (陳暊), was the eighth emperor of the Trần dynasty who ruled Vietnam from 1370 to 1372. Biography As prince Nghệ Tông was born in 132 ...

, was given the title Giản Định vương (簡定王, "Prince Giản Định").

Ming China The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

conquered Vietnam in 1407, he fled to Mô Độ (modern Yên Mô District, Ninh Bình Province) and revolted against China in September 1408. At first he was defeated by Chinese army, later, he was supported by two Vietnamese generals, Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân, and occupied Nghệ An Province successfully. Giản Định decided to attack Đông Đô (modern

Hanoi Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...

) but was opposed by Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân. Giản Định soon had both Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân arrested and killed, causing dissent and revolt in his army.

Đặng Dung Đặng Dung (Chữ Hán: 鄧容, 1373–1414) was the poet and general of the later Tran Dynasty in Vietnamese history. Biography Đặng Dung was born in Ta Ha Commune, Thien Loc District, Nghe An (now Can Loc District, Ha Tinh Province). ...

and Nguyễn Cảnh Dị, sons of Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân respectively, installed

Trần Quý Khoáng Trần (陳) or Tran is the second most common Vietnamese surname after Nguyen. More than 10% of all Vietnamese people share this surname. History The Tran ruled the Trần dynasty, a golden era in Vietnam, and successfully repelled the Mongol ...

(Trùng Quang Đế) as the new emperor in Chi La (modern

Đức Thọ District There are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, more so than for any other European nation. For example: * the German language endonym is , from the Old High German , meaning "of the people"; * the French exonym is , ...

Hà Tĩnh Province Hà is a Vietnamese given name, male or female, meaning "river". Hà is a Vietnamese 'surname' (during French colonialism). The name is transliterated as He in Chinese and Ha in Korean. Ha is the anglicized variation of the surname Hà. It is ...

). Giản Định was arrested by Trùng Quang in 1409, and was granted the title ''thái thượng hoàng'' ("Retired Emperor"). He was sent to Hạ Hồng (modern

Ninh Giang District Ninh Giang () is a district (''huyện'') of Hải Dương province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with ...

Hải Dương Province Hải Dương was a former province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese "ocean sun", though the modern province is in fact landlocked. Located in the Northern Key Economic Region, Hai Duong Provin ...

) to attack Chinese army, but was defeated by

Zhang Fu Zhang Fu (; ; 1375–1449), courtesy name Wenbi (), was a Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of general Zhang Yu, one of Zhu Di's (later Yongle Emperor) finest generals. Zhang Yu was killed in the Jingnan camp ...

and fled to

Diễn Châu Diễn Châu is a township () and capital of Diễn Châu District, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of a ...

. Consequently, the Chinese took him captive and transferred him to Nanjing, where he was beheaded around 1410.

References

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