Films
Production
The original ''Friday the 13th'' was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, who had previously worked with filmmaker Wes Craven on The Last House on the Left (1972 film), ''The Last House on the Left'' (1972). Cunningham, inspired by the success of John Carpenter's Halloween (1978 film), ''Halloween'' (1978), wanted ''Friday the 13th'' to be shocking, visually stunning, and "[make] you jump out of your seat". Distancing himself from ''The Last House on the Left'', Cunningham wanted ''Friday the 13th'' to be more of a "roller coaster ride". The first film was meant to be "a real scary movie", and at the same time make audiences laugh. The concept for ''Friday the 13th'' began as nothing more than a title. ''A Long Night at Camp Blood'' was the working title Victor Miller used while he drafted a script, but Cunningham believed in his "Friday the 13th" moniker and rushed to place an advertising, advertisement in ''International Variety''. Worrying that someone else owned the rights to the title and wanting to avoid potential lawsuits, Cunningham thought it would be best to find out immediately. Cunningham commissioned a New York advertising agency to develop his visual concept of the ''Friday the 13th'' logo, which consisted of big block letters bursting through a pane of glass.Grove, David, pp.15–16 In the end, Cunningham believed there were "no problems" with the title, but distributor George Mansour contends that there was an issue: "There was a movie before ours called ''Friday the 13th: The Orphan''. Moderately successful. But someone still threatened to sue. It is unknown whether Phil [Scuderi] paid them off, but the issue was eventually resolved." Following the success of ''Friday the 13th'' in 1980, Paramount Pictures began plans to make a sequel and immediately acquired the worldwide distribution rights. According to Paramount Pictures' Chairman and CEO Frank Mancuso Sr., "We wanted it to be an event, where teenagers would flock to the theaters on that Friday night to see the latest episode." Initial ideas for a sequel involved the ''Friday the 13th'' title being used for a series of discontinuous films, released once a year, and each would be a separate "scary movie" of its own right. Phil Scuderi—a co‑owner of Esquire Theaters with Steve Minasian and Bob Barsamian and a producer of the original film—insisted that the sequel must have Jason Voorhees, Pamela's son, even though his appearance at the end of the original film was only meant to be a joke. Steve Miner, associate producer of the first film, believed in the idea, and he ultimately directed the first two sequels after Cunningham opted not to return to the director's chair.Brack, Peter, pp. 50–52 The studio continued to generate sequels over the years, based on the financial success they produced compared to their relatively low budgets. With every film repeating the same basic premise, the filmmakers came up with subtle adjustments so the audience would return. Changes involved the addition of a subtitle—as opposed to just a number attached to the end—like "The Final Chapter" and "Jason Takes Manhattan", or filming the movie in 3-D film, 3-D, as Miner did for ''Friday the 13th Part III''.Bracke, Peter, pp.73–74 The third film would also be the birthplace of one of the most recognizable images in popular culture, that of Jason's hockey mask. Producer Frank Mancuso Jr. eventually decided to kill Jason for good, after he experienced problems finding new films to produce that were more than just horror movies, because his name brought constant association to the ''Friday the 13th'' film series.Bracke, Peter, pg.98 Jason would not stay buried for long, as the success of ''The Final Chapter'' ensured another ''Friday the 13th'' film. Mancuso Sr. stated, "Quite simply, the public still wanted to see these films. So until they really stopped coming, why not continue to make more?" ''A New Beginning'' shifted the focus of the story to the character of Tommy Jarvis and how he battles his inner demons, hallucinations, and "rages to kill" after his ordeal with Jason in ''The Final Chapter''.Bracke, Peter, pg.122–123 This premise was not repeated, as the very next installment brought Jason back from the dead. ''Jason Lives'' attempted to create a "funnier, faster, and more action-packed [...] ''Friday''" than had previously been done.Bracke, Peter, pp.147–148 The limited financial success of ''Jason Lives'' provided enough incentive to create another sequel, ''The New Blood''. The idea proposed by screenwriter Daryl Haney stemmed from his realization that the films always ended with Jason battling the "final girl". Haney decided that this final girl should have Psychokinesis, telekinetic powers, which led Producer Barbara Sachs to dub the film, ''Jason vs. Carrie (novel), Carrie''. Plans were made to take Jason away from Crystal Lake and place him in a larger environment for the eighth film. New York City was selected as the main setting, with Jason spending approximately a third of the movie on a boat before reaching New York. The film was then subtitled ''Jason Takes Manhattan''. Ultimately, the character spent the majority of the time on the cruise ship, as budget restrictions forced scenes of New York to be trimmed or downgraded. Vancouver had to substitute for the majority of the New York scenes.Bracke, Peter, pp.194–195 When ''Jason Takes Manhattan'' failed to perform successfully at the box office, Sean Cunningham decided that he wanted to reacquire the rights to ''Friday the 13th'' from Paramount and start working with New Line Cinema on ''Freddy vs. Jason'', as New Line owned the ''Nightmare on Elm Street'' franchise. The concept of a fight between Freddy and Jason was not new, since Paramount had approached New Line about filming a fictional crossover, crossover years before the latter had gained the licensing rights to ''Friday the 13th''. At that time, both companies wanted the license to the other's character so that they could control the making of the film. Negotiations on the project were never finalized, which led Paramount to make ''The New Blood''. After ''Jason Takes Manhattan'' was released in 1989, the rights reverted to Scuderi, Minasian, and Barsamianto, who sold them to New Line. Before Cunningham could start working on ''Freddy vs. Jason'', Wes Craven returned to New Line to make ''Wes Craven's New Nightmare, New Nightmare''. This effectively put ''Freddy vs. Jason'' on hold, but allowed Cunningham the chance to bring Jason back into the spotlight with ''Jason Goes to Hell''.Bracke, Peter, pp.218–219 The ninth installment "turned a healthy profit", though it was only intended to open the door for a crossover with Freddy Krueger rather than to start a new series for New Line. Ultimately, the film series would go through another sequel before that would happen. Cunningham's "frustration" with the delayed development of the ''Freddy vs. Jason'' project forced him to create another sequel in an effort to keep the franchise in the minds of audiences. Based on ''Jason Takes Manhattan''s concept of taking Jason away from Crystal Lake, the 10th film would put the titular character in space.Bracke, Peter, pp.242–243 The film suffered from the loss of its biggest supporter, President of Production Michael De Luca, when he resigned from his position. Lack of support forced the finished film to sit for two years before finally being released on April 26, 2002, and it would go on to become the lowest-grossing film in the franchise at the domestic box office. It also held the distinction of having the largest budget of any of the previous films at that time. After more than 15 years of off-and-on development, and approximately $6 million spent in 18 unused scripts from more than a dozen screenwriters, New Line finally produced a Freddy and Jason crossover for 2003. One of the biggest hurdles for the film was developing a story that managed to bring the two horror icons together. Potential stories varied widely, from Freddy having molested and drowned Jason as a child, to a cult of Freddy worshipers called the "Fred Heads". In January 2007, Platinum Dunes producers Andrew Form and Brad Fuller outlined their intended goal to bring a ''Friday the 13th'' reboot to life. New Line approached Fuller and Form to create a reboot, but because Paramount still owned certain copyrights to the first film, the reboot would not be able to use anything from the original. Paramount, who wanted to be included in the development of a reboot, approached the producers and gave them license to use anything from the original films, including the title. With Paramount on board, Fuller and Form decided they wanted to use pieces from the early films. Fuller said, "I think there are moments we want to address, like how does the hockey mask happen." Shannon and Swift, writers of ''Freddy vs. Jason'', were brought on to pen the script for the new film, with Marcus Nispel, director of ''The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film), The Texas Chainsaw Massacre'' remake of 2003, hired in November 2007 to direct.Music
When Harry Manfredini began working on the Sheet music, musical score for the 1980 film, the decision was made to play the music only alongside the killer so as not to trick the audience into believing that the killer was around during moments that they were not supposed to be. Manfredini explains that the lack of music for certain scenes was deliberate: "There's a scene where one of the girls [...] is setting up the archery area [...] One of the guys shoots an arrow into the target and just misses her. It's a huge scare, but if you notice, there's no music. That was a choice". Manfredini also noted that when something ''was'' about to happen, the music would cut off so that the audience would relax a bit, which allowed the scare to become more effective. Since Mrs. Voorhees, the killer in the original ''Friday the 13th'', does not show up until the final reel of the film, Manfredini had the job of creating a score that would represent the killer in her absence. Manfredini was inspired by the 1975 film ''Jaws (film), Jaws'', where the shark is not seen for the majority of the film, but the motif created by John Williams cued the audience as to when the shark was present during scenes and unseen.Bracke, Peter, pg. 39 While listening to a piece of Krzysztof Penderecki music, which contained a chorus with "striking pronunciations", Manfredini was inspired to recreate a similar sound for ''Friday the 13th''. He came up with the sound "ki ki ki, ma ma ma", based on the line "Kill her mommy!", which Mrs. Voorhees recites repeatedly in the final reel. The "ki" comes from "kill", and the "ma" from "mommy". To achieve the unique sound he wanted for the film, Manfredini spoke the two words "harshly, distinctly, and rhythmically into a microphone" and ran them into an echo reverberation machine. Manfredini finished the original score after a few weeks and recorded it in a friend's basement. Victor Miller and assistant editor Jay Keuper have commented on how memorable the music is, with Keuper describing it as "iconographic". Manfredini makes note of the mispronunciation of the sounds: "Everybody thinks it's cha, cha, cha. I'm like, 'Cha, cha, cha'? What are you talking about?" When Manfredini returned for the first sequel, he had an easier time composing since he only needed to perfect what he had already created. Over the course of the sequels, Manfredini loosened the philosophy that the theme should be reserved just for the killer. Manfredini describes the style of the sequels as more of a "setting 'em up and knocking 'em down" approach, which meant that there were more "MacGuffin, McGuffins and red‑herrings" that required the killer's theme music be played to try to trick the audience. Manfredini explains: "The original had the real myopic approach, and then we had to start thinking of the sequels as more conventional films". For ''Part 3'', Manfredini only returned to score the first and last reels of the film because he was busy with a Broadway theatre, Broadway production. Jack Tillar pieced together portions of the score from the first two films to fill the remaining time for ''Part 3'', while Michael Zagar composed an opening and closing theme. Manfredini and Zagar met at the latter's apartment, where Zagar rescored the original opening theme using a disco beat. Manfredini returned for ''The Final Chapter'', and although there were similar elements to the score, everything was newly recorded for the fourth ''Friday the 13th''. When he began work on the score for ''A New Beginning'', Manfredini created a theme just for the character of Tommy Jarvis. The idea was to suggest that there was "madness afoot", which he believed helped to "'point the finger' at various characters [...] to suggest that things were not as you might expect". For ''Jason Lives'', Tom McLoughlin instructed Manfredini to create a score that would not alert the audience about what was happening or about to happen, "but instead allow the audience to do it to themselves". McLoughlin took this idea from John Carpenter's 1978 film ''Reception
Box office and response
The ''Friday the 13th'' films generally received negative reception from professional critics, in contrast to other slashers like ''Halloween''. Critics disliked how the series favored high body counts over plot and character development and how each film was almost indistinguishable from the last. Nevertheless, the films were a financial success, prompting Paramount to release more sequels contingent on the box office appeal. When comparing ''Friday the 13th'' to the other top-grossing American slasher franchises—''A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise), A Nightmare on Elm Street'', ''Child's Play (franchise), Child's Play'', ''Halloween (franchise), Halloween'', the Hannibal Lecter (franchise), Hannibal Lecter series, ''Psycho (film series), Psycho'', ''Saw (franchise), Saw'', ''Scream (film series), Scream'', and ''The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise), The Texas Chainsaw Massacre''—and adjusting for the 2018 inflation, ''Friday the 13th'' is the second highest grossing slasher franchise in the United States, with approximately $755.6 million, behind ''Halloween'' in first place with $813 million. In third place is ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'' with $592.8 million. Then comes ''Saw'' with $457.4 million, ''Scream'' with $442.9 million, ''Psycho'' with $376.3 million, ''The Texas Chainsaw Massacre'' with $304.6 million, and rounding out the list is ''Child's Play'' with approximately $203 million. The financial success has extended to home release, with more than five million DVDs sold by 2005.Impact
In December 2006, IGN ranked ''Friday the 13th'' seventh in the top 25 film franchises. Qualifications included: the franchise must have at least three films released before December 2006; the franchises must be either a commercial or artistic success; and the franchise must have had some form of impact on popular culture. Three Managing editor, senior editors, the editor-in-chief, and IGN's entertainment editorial manager judged the various film franchises. In commenting on ''Friday the 13th''s seventh-place ranking, the general consensus among the reviewers was that even though the ''Halloween'' franchise started the slasher genre, ''Friday the 13th'' became one of "the most influential franchises of the 1980s" and that its commercial success through 11 films, novelizations, comic books, and other collectables is proof of its legacy. ABC Online's Arts and Entertainment reporter, Gary Kemble, makes note of the popularity of the franchise throughout popular culture. Kemble points out that Jason's mask, which was not adopted until the third film in the series, is one of the most widely recognizable images in popular culture. Talking with Brenna O'Brien, co‑founder of the Fridaythe13thfilms.com website, the pair discusses how the fan base of the franchise has become so impassioned with the series that they have created films, latex body suits to emulate Jason's appearance, and tattoos of Jason and the ''Friday the 13th'' moniker on their body. S. T. Karnick, editor of ''American Culture'', wrote an article for the ''National Review'' detailing the impact ''Friday the 13th'' has had on the slasher genre and noting that the reasons critics have deplored the films are the same reasons why the franchise has had such a strong influence. Karnick explained that ''Friday the 13th'' did not try and recreate the same "clever" film that John Carpenter made in 1978, but instead "[codified] the formula" of ''Halloween'', and "[boiled] it down to its essentials" so that it could be copied by other filmmakers. In his assessment, ''Friday the 13th'' changed the horror genre by purposefully not providing back‑stories for characters so that when the audience witnessed a character's death, they are "strangely unaffected". Instead, ''Friday the 13th'' focuses on the history and motivations of the killer, who would exact revenge not on the people directly responsible, but on innocent people—a formula Karnick notes was replicated in ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'', ''Child's Play'', ''Scream'', ''I Know What You Did Last Summer'', ''Saw'', the Hannibal Lecter films, and the ''Halloween'' sequels. As Karnick sees it, "these films spoke directly to fears of increasing crime and social dislocation [and] provided audiences with ways to detach from these worries and conquer their fears of violence by laughing at it". In Karnick's eyes, contemporary critics have failed to see how the film has affected audiences and subsequently branded the film series as "both irresponsible (for numbing audiences to violence) and puritanical (for showing the murders of sexually active teens)". Quoting director John Carpenter, Karnick emphasized that "teens thus dispatched became victims not as punishment for sexual activity but simply because they were too preoccupied to notice the presence of a murderer". Pointing to Roger Ebert as a prime example of how critics have misunderstood the films (Ebert wrote that during a screening of ''Friday the 13th Part 2'', he noticed that the audience had no sympathy for the victims and cheered during death scenes), Karnick explains that Ebert's remarks show how the film series forces "audiences to experience the very thing that motivates the murders: a lack of compassion". In closing, Karnick suggested that these films were not puritanical, but proved that audiences "could be just as indifferent and callous as the characters in the films".Future
Shortly after the 2009 reboot's theatrical release, producers Brad Fuller and Andrew Form expressed an interest in producing another ''Friday the 13th'' film, citing the enjoyment they had working on the reboot. In October 2009, Warner Bros. Pictures planned to release the ''Friday the 13th'' sequel on August 13, 2010, but on December 10, the studio pulled the sequel from the planned release slot and listed its release as "TBD" (to be determined). Warner Bros. also announced that Damian Shannon and Mark Swift were penning the sequel. In April 2010, Fuller announced on his Twitter page that a sequel to the 2009 remake was no longer in the works, declaring it, "dead — not happening". In a later interview, Fuller explained that the 2009 reboot was the result of a joint effort between Paramount and New Line Cinema, as both owned portions of the ''Friday the 13th'' franchise. With financial problems, both studios were limiting the films they produced each year, opting to produce films carrying lower risks and higher rewards. Accordingly, the companies put ''Friday the 13th Part 2'' on hold in hopes that they would move forward with this next installment when the economy bounced back. Form explained that neither studio would walk away from the sequel's production to allow the other to move forward as the primary producing house, each studio concerned that its players would look like "idiots" should the sequel perform well without its involvement. Form and Fuller also mentioned that the ''Friday the 13th'' sequel may be a 3‑D film, should it ever again be Green-light, green-lit for production by the studios. Shannon and Swift completed the script for the sequel in February 2011, according to Fuller's claim on Twitter. He was ready to begin production, but that New Line Cinema was not. In June 2013, Warner Bros. relinquished its film rights to the ''Friday the 13th'' series to Paramount as part of a deal that would allow Warner Bros. to co-produce ''Interstellar (film), Interstellar''. One week later, Derek Mears revealed that Paramount was working with Platinum Dunes to make a new installment "as fast as possible". David Bruckner was set to direct the next installment of ''Friday the 13th''. Bruckner's original script was co-written with Ian Goldberg and Richard Naing and was a found footage (film technique), found footage film, as mandated by the studio. After altering the release date numerous times, Paramount set the film for a May 13, 2016 release date. TV writer Nick Antosca was announced to write the script in March 2015. Later in October, Paramount pushed back the film's release date to January 13, 2017. Two months later, Aaron Guzikowski was negotiating a deal to write a new script, but Bruckner, who had purportedly left the project in 2015, was no longer involved as a director. At the end of May 2016, Fuller revealed that the reboot would be an origin story for Jason, and his mother would be in the film. On August 8, Breck Eisner was in talks to direct the reboot. In September, Paramount pushed back the reboot's release date from January 13 to October 13, 2017. The reboot's working title was reported as ''Friday the 13th: Part 13'', Platinum Dunes was looking for someone to play a young Jason Voorhees, and production to begin in March, slated for October 13, 2017 release date. On February 6, Paramount officially canceled the project, and Paramount assigned the planned October release date to its then-upcoming film, ''Mother!''. On October 10, Shannon and Swift revealed the title of their proposed sequel, ''Friday the 13th: Camp Blood – The Death of Jason Voorhees''. The rights to the franchise should be reverted to New Line/Warner Bros. in 2018. Victor Miller, who wrote the original ''Friday the 13th'' screenplay, asserted that Horror Inc. derived its current copyright to the screenplay from Miller's transfer of copyright to Horror Inc.'s predecessor-in-interest, the Manny Company. Miller sent a Notice of Termination to Horror Inc. on January 26, 2016, purportedly reclaiming his rights to the screenplay and the content contained therein through termination of the transfer of rights he had formerly made to the Manny Company. Original film producer Sean S. Cunningham claims that Miller wrote the screenplay for ''Friday the 13th'' as a work for hire, work-made-for-hire for the Manny Company. Under copyright law, an employer is considered the statutory author and copyright holder if a work is made in the employee's scope of employment. If, as Cunningham contends, Miller wrote the screenplay as the Manny Company's employee, he never held a copyright to the screenplay to transfer or reclaim. A lawsuit seeking the parties' declaration of rights was filed in a federal court in Connecticut. On September 28, 2018, Miller won the rights against Cunningham. Cunningham appealed, the appeal was withdrawn due to technical reasons, and then reinstated by the deadline of April 12 following year. In October 2018, LeBron James and his production company SpringHill Entertainment (alongside Vertigo Entertainment) were in talks to co-produce the next film. A month later, screenwriter Clint Ford started writing a prequel screenplay for the franchise titled ''Friday the 13th: The Beginning''. In July 2019, Tom McLoughlin, writer and director of '' Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives'', revealed that he authored a speculative script for a sequel film titled ''Jason Never Dies''. McLoughlin confirmed the film would have served as a direct sequel to ''Jason Lives'', ignoring the other films in the franchise. McLoughlin also wrote another film with co-writer James Sweet which was a prequel to the 1980 film titled ''Diary of Pamela Voorhees''. On September 30, 2021, Victor Miller won the domestic rights for the lawsuit. On Halloween 2022, a new ''Friday the 13th'' series was announced. It will be a prequel titled ''Crystal Lake'', written and executive produced by Bryan Fuller and Victor Miller, along with executive producers Marc Toberoff and Rob Barsamian. A24 will serve as the studio behind the series and will air on Peacock (streaming service), Peacock.Literature
Novels
Six of the twelve films have been adapted into Novelization, novels—''Friday the 13th 1 – 3'', ''Jason Lives'', ''Jason X'', and ''Freddy vs. Jason''—with ''Friday the 13th Part 3'' being adapted twice. The first novel was Michael Avallone's 1982 adaptation of ''Friday the 13th Part 3''; Avallone had previously adapted ''Beneath the Planet of the Apes'' and ''Shock Corridor''.Gove, David, pp.89–90 The author chose to use an alternate ending, one that was filmed for ''Part 3'' but never used, as the conclusion for his adaptation. In the alternate ending, Chris, who is in a canoe, hears her boyfriend Rick's voice and immediately runs back to the house. When she opens the door, Jason is standing there with a machete and kills her.Bracke, Peter, pg.92 The next book was not published until 1986, when Simon Hawke adapted ''Jason Lives''. Hawke would also adapt the first three films into novels, and his adaptation of the original ''Friday the 13th'' was published in 1987, with novelizations of ''Part 2'' and ''3'' both being published in 1988. Hawke's first adaptation, ''Jason Lives'', introduced the character of Elias Voorhees, Jason's father, who was supposed to appear in the film before being cut by the studio. The book explains how Elias has Jason's body buried, instead of the planned cremation, after his death in ''The Final Chapter''.Grove, David, pg.147 In 1994, four Young adult literature, young adult novels were released under the title of ''Friday the 13th''. These stories focused on different people finding Jason's mask and becoming possessed by his spirit, but the actual character did not appear in the novels. The novels were written by author William Pattinson, under the pen name Eric Morse, and published in 1994. The books are titled ''Mother's Day'', ''Jason's Curse'', ''The Carnival'', and ''Road Trip''. In 2003 and 2005, Black Flame (publisher), Black Flame published novelizations of ''Freddy vs. Jason'' and ''Jason X''. After the release of the ''Jason X'' novel, Black Flame began publishing two series of novels. One set was published under the ''Jason X'' title, while the second set used the ''Friday the 13th'' moniker. The ''Jason X'' series consisted of four sequels to the 2005 adaptation. The first to be published was ''Jason X: The Experiment'', which saw the government attempting to exploit Jason's indestructibility to create an army of "super soldiers". The second novel, ''Planet of the Beast'', follows the efforts of Dr. Bardox and his crew as they try to clone a comatose Jason and stay alive when Jason awakens. ''Death Moon'' revolves around Jason crash-landing at Moon Camp Americana, and the final novel, ''To the Third Power'', is about the discovery of a Jason clone underneath a prison. The ''Friday the 13th'' series of novels are not connected to the ''Jason X'' series and do not continue any story set forth by the films. Instead, each novel developed the character of Jason in its own way. ''Friday the 13th: Church of the Divine Psychopath'' has Jason resurrected by a religious cult. In ''Friday the 13th: Hell Lake'', a recently executed serial killer, Wayne Sanchez, persuades Jason to help him escape back to the real world. In ''Hate-Kill-Repeat'', two religious serial killers attempt to find Jason at Crystal Lake, believing that the three of them share the same contempt for those that break the Morality, moral code. ''The Jason Strain'' places Jason on an island with a group of death row convicts—placed there by television executives running a reality game show—while a scientist attempts to create an age-retarding "super drug" from Jason's DNA. Instead, she creates a virus that reanimates the dead into zombies. The character of Pamela Voorhees returns from the grave in ''Carnival of Maniacs'', and she searches for Jason, who is now part of a traveling sideshow and about to be auctioned off to the highest bidder.Comic books
SinceOther media
Video games
In May 1986, Domark released ''Friday the 13th: The Computer Game'' for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. The plot involved the player picking a "sanctuary" and attempting to persuade others to hide there. Jason is "disguised as a friend" until he decides to attack the player. Three years later, LJN published Friday the 13th (1989 video game), a game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. In 2007, Xendex released their own ''Friday the 13th'' game for mobile phones. In the game, the player plays as one of the counselors at Camp Crystal Lake. While the staff is preparing the camp for its first summer weekend, an "unknown stalker" begins murdering each of them. The player must discover the truth and escape the camp alive. ''Electronic Gaming Monthly'' announced in January 2015 that a new survival horror, multi-platform "Asymmetry, asymmetrical, co-operative and competitive multiplayer predator/prey horror experience" is in development, with a tentative release date of October 2015. This game was originally titled ''Slasher Vol. 1: Summer Camp'', in which it was originally developed by IllFonic, but Gun Media joined and helped develop, in which they will publish the game. The game was raised through BackerKit and Kickstarter, with BackerKit collecting United States dollar, US$271,439.20 from 16,109 backers and Kickstarter collecting US$823,704.20 from 12,128 backers, collecting a total of US$1,095,143.40 from an overall 28,237 backers, with a confirmed title of ''Friday the 13th: The Game.'' A developer panel for Gun Media and IllFonic was opened at PAX (event), PAX South 2016 in January with Software development process#Alpha, alpha footage and a list of kill animations. A mobile game available on iOS, Android and Steam, ''Friday the 13th: Killer Puzzle'', was released on January 20, 2018. It has also been released on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4.Television
On September 28, 1987, Paramount began airing '' Friday the 13th: The Series'', a television series that focuses on two cousins' attempts to recover cursed antiques that were sold from a shop they inherited from their uncle. The show starred John D. LeMay as Ryan Dallion and Louise Robey as Michelle Foster. It was created by Frank Mancuso Jr. and Larry B. Williams originally under the title of ''The 13th Hour'', and the series ran for 72 episodes. Mancuso Jr. never intended to link the television show directly to the film series, but he utilized "the idea of ''Friday the 13th'', which is that it symbolizes bad luck and curses". The creators wanted to tie‑in Jason's trademark hockey mask to the series, but the idea was discarded so that the show could have a chance to exist on its own. Mancuso Jr. was afraid that mentioning any events from the films would take the audience away from "the new world that we were trying to create". The decision to name the show ''Friday the 13th'' over the original title was made because Mancuso Jr. believed a "''Friday the 13th''" moniker would better help to sell the show to networks. Filming took place in Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ''Friday the 13th: The Series'' initially aired in Broadcast syndication#First-run syndication, first-run syndication in a late-night spot; the success of the series as a late-night show prompted some broadcasting stations to move it to primetime. Produced on a budget estimated below $500,000 per episode, the first season placed second in the male 18- to 49-year-old demographic, just behind Paramount's ''Star Trek: The Next Generation''. In addition, the first season placed fifth in the female 18- to 49-year-old demographic. In September 2003, during a panel session at the Maniafest convention, Sean S. Cunningham spoke about the possibility of bringing ''Friday the 13th'' to television, with the series focusing on a group of teenagers living in the Crystal Lake area. In October 2005, Cunningham discussed the potential series further. He explained that the idea was to call the series ''Crystal Lake Chronicles'', and "set [it] in a town with all this Jason history". The series would focus more on "coming-of-age issues", in a similar style to ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series), Buffy the Vampire Slayer'', ''Dawson's Creek'', and ''Smallville (TV series), Smallville'', with Jason as more of a recurring "background" character. In April 2014, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films and Crystal Lake Entertainment planned to produce an hour-long ''Friday the 13th'' television series. The series was intended to focus on a group of characters at Crystal Lake, who have to deal with the return of Jason Voorhees, as well as discover new information about him and his family. The series was being developed by The CW as of August 2015. Steve Mitchell and Craig Van Sickle were hired to write the plot, while Sean S. Cunningham, Randall Emmett, George Furla and Mark Canton were to be the executive producers, but one year later the network decided to not move forward with the series. The CW president Mark Pedowitz explained: "We had better pilots. The bottom line is we felt we had stronger things to go with, and we didn't go forward with it. It was well-written, it was darker than we wanted it to be, and we didn't believe it had sustainability... We didn't believe that it was a sustainable script, a sustainable series. It was a very good pilot, but not a sustainable series".Merchandise
In addition to the films, television series, and various literature based on the ''Friday the 13th'' franchise, there are over 100 licensed products that have grossed more than $125 million in revenue. Over the years, the characters of ''Friday the 13th'' have been marketed under various toy lines. In 1988, Screamin' Toys produced a Model figure, model kit of Jason Voorhees. Six years later, Screamin' Toys issued a second model kit based on Jason's appearance in ''Jason Goes to Hell''. Both kits are no longer in production. In 1998, as part of McFarlane Toys' Movie Maniacs 1 collection, a figure of Jason from ''Jason Goes to Hell'' was released. Jason was one of the three most popular figures sold from the Movie Maniacs 1 collection, and the other two were Freddy Krueger and Leatherface. The following year, scale models of Jason and Freddy in a glass display case were released by MacFarlane Toys. In 2002, as part of its Movie Maniacs 5 collection, McFarlane released a model of Ãœber-Jason from ''Jason X''. McFarlane did not release another ''Friday the 13th'' collectable until November 2006, when a 3D computer graphics, 3-dimensional movie poster was released. Since 2002, there has been a steady production of action figures, dolls, and statuettes, with more merchandise tying into the film ''Freddy vs. Jason''. Apart from video games and toys, the series has also seen the release of its films' soundtracks. In 1982, Rykodisc, Gramavision Records released an LP album of selected pieces of Harry Manfredini's scores from the first three films. On September 27, 2005, BSX Records released a limited edition CD of Fred Mollin's scores. On January 13, 2012, La-La Land Records released a limited edition 6-CD boxset containing Manfredini's scores from the first six films. Beginning with ''Jason Goes to Hell'', each film in the series has had their musical score and soundtrack released for sale.Non-fiction works
Books
There have been two books released chronicling the making of the ''Friday the 13th'' films and one about making '' Friday the 13th: The Series'' ''- Curious Goods: Behind the Scenes of Friday the 13th: The Series''. In February 2005, FAB Press published their book containing interviews with the cast and crew of the ''Friday the 13th'' series of films. David Grove, a film journalist who has written for ''Fangoria (magazine), Fangoria'', ''Cinefantastique'', and various other United Kingdom, British magazines detailing the creation of the ''Friday the 13th'' films, wrote the comprehensive book, ''Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood''. Grove interviewed over 100 "key personnel involved in making the films" to collect "detailed production histories of each of the 11 films", not including interviews with other film professionals like Wes Craven. Grove's book also includes previously unseen production photos which were acquired from private collections. Eight months after the release of Grove's book, Titan Books, in association with Sparkplug Press, released a detailed history on the ''Friday the 13th'' series. Peter M. Bracke released ''Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th'' on October 24, 2005. The book chronicles the creation of the series up to the release of ''Freddy vs. Jason''. Bracke spent three years researching the series and collecting more than 200 interviews from the cast and crew of each of the films. Bracke's extensive work for the book prompted Sean S. Cunningham to provide a foreword. ''Crystal Lake Memories'' also includes images, storyboards, concept art, and publicity material that had not been released to the public. A private party was held on October 22 at Universal Studios CityWalk Hollywood for the book's premiere.Documentaries
A documentary film, titled ''His Name Was Jason: 30 Years of Friday the 13th'', was released in February 2009. This film was directed by Daniel Farrands, who had also written the film ''Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers'' as well as a documentary on ''The Amityville Horror''. The film was broadcast on the Starz (TV network), Starz television channel during the first week of February, and afterwards it was released on DVD on February 3, 2009. The documentary is hosted by special make‑up effects artist Tom Savini, who interviews the cast and crew members of each of the ''Friday the 13th'' films, asking them questions on the choices they made during filming. It also features interviews with journalists and other filmmakers who offer their opinion of the series. In September 2013, Farrands wrote and directed a second documentary film on the ''Friday'' franchise, ''Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th'', this time directly inspired by Bracke's book of the same name. This documentary discusses each of the twelve films, from the original to the 2009 reboot, as well as the television series. It is narrated byReferences
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