Földeák is a

village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...

Csongrád Csongrád (; , archaically also ''Црноград/Crnograd,'' ) is a town in Csongrád County in southern Hungary. History At the time of the Hungarian Conquest (the end of 9th century) the Maros Valley was under Bulgarian control. The fortre ...

county, in the

Southern Great Plain The Southern Great Plain ( ) is a statistical ( NUTS 2) region of Hungary. It is part of Great Plain and North (NUTS 1) region. The Southern Great Plain includes the counties of Bács-Kiskun, Békés, and Csongrád-Csanád. The region is in the ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

of southern

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

Geography

The village covers an

area Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while '' surface area'' refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-di ...

of and has a

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of 3318 people (2002).

History

The village first appears in writing in 1332. The name of the village is likely rooted in the 11th and 12th centuries, and is thought to refer to a

scribe A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of Printing press, automatic printing. The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as ...

(a "deák") named Philip ("Fil" or "Fülöp"). In the 15th century, a church was constructed dedicated to

St. Martin of Tours Martin of Tours (; 316/3368 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hungary), he converted to ...

. During the Ottoman occupation, the church was fortified, and during the

Long Turkish War The Long Turkish War (, ), Long War (; , ), or Thirteen Years' War was an indecisive land war between the Holy Roman Empire (primarily the Habsburg monarchy) and the Ottoman Empire, primarily over the principalities of Wallachia, Transylvania, ...

the village and its surroundings were wiped out. In the first half of the 1600s the village was rebuilt relatively quickly, and by 1658 the village was issued its own

seal Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, also called "true seal" ** Fur seal ** Eared seal * Seal ( ...

. When the Ottomans were being chased out of Hungary, Imperial forces displaced the town's inhabitants in an effort to starve out Turkish forces occupying Gyula. The town wasn't repopulated until 1723, when families from

Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...

and

Makó Makó (, , Makowe, or , ) is a town in Csongrád County, in southeastern Hungary, from the Romanian border. It lies on the Maros River. Makó is home to 21,913 people and it has an area of , of which is arable land. Makó is the fourth-larges ...

moved in. The Návay family, who moved into Földeák in 1739, constructed extensive tobacco farms on the village's outskirts in 1809. The area around these farms became increasingly developed, so the villagers began to refer to Földeák as "

Óföldeák Óföldeák is a village in Csongrád county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments ...

" meaning "Old-Földeák". Throughout the 19th century

was repeatedly flooded by the

Tisza The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa (see below) is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national bo ...

and

Maros Maros is a town in the South Sulawesi province of Indonesia close to the provincial capital of Makassar. It is the capital of the Maros Regency. Maros is the location of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, a branch of the Indonesian ...

rivers, completely destroying the settlement in 1845. As a result, the vast majority of the villagers permanently resettled into 'new' Földeák, by the Návay family's tobacco farms. After 1845, the village began to develop rapidly. A church was constructed in romantic style on Saint Ladislaus square in 1857, the village was granted the status of market town, and a pharmacy and doctor's office opened. During the

Interwar Period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

the village was home to a vibrant cultural scene, hosting various cultural organizations, libraries, and theatre productions.

External links

Official homepage: http://www.foldeak.hu/

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foldeak Populated places in Csongrád-Csanád County