Fritz Künkel (September 6, 1889 – April 1, 1956) was known both as a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...
and an American psychologist. He might best be understood as a
social scientist
Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the ...
who sought to integrate psychology (especially the work of
Freud
Sigmund Freud ( ; ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in t ...
,
Adler and
Jung
Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology. A prolific author of over 20 books, illustrator, and correspondent, Jung was a c ...
),
sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...
and
religion
Religion is a range of social system, social-cultural systems, including designated religious behaviour, behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, religious text, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics in religion, ethics, or ...
into a unified theory of human being. He consolidated these insights into a theory of character development and finally into his "We-Psychology".
Biography
The following material comes from the brief life written by
John A. Sanford with the assistance of Kunkel's two sons.
[Kunkel, Fritz. (1984). ''Fritz Kunkel: Selected Writings.'' John A. Sanford ed., intro., & commentary. NJ: Paulist.]
Kunkel was born the seventh of eight siblings, on a wealthy estate in Brandenburg (now Poland), on September 6, 1889. His early life was characterized as carefree, imaginative, active and social. While pursuing a variety of interests, he did manage to study medicine, receiving his medical degree “a few days after the beginning of the First World War” (1984, p. 1). At the
Battle of Verdun
The Battle of Verdun ( ; ) was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front in French Third Republic, France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on the hills north ...
, working as a battalion surgeon, he received a shrapnel wound that led to the loss of his left arm.
Around 1919-1920, Kunkel moved to Vienna, where he became associated with
Alfred Adler
Alfred Adler ( ; ; 7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis on the importance of feelings of belonging, relationships within the family, a ...
. In 1924, he began to practice Adlerian psychotherapy in Berlin. Over the next 10 to 15 years he built on his Adlerian foundations, publishing a dozen books and founding his unique school of "We-Psychology".
In 1920 he married Ruth Löwengard, who became his colleague and co-founder of the Adler Institute in Berlin. They had three children. After the death of Ruth in January 1932, he married Elizabeth Jensen, and they had two more children.
When Hitler came to power, Kunkel became increasingly disturbed by the restrictions being placed on psychotherapy, and he planned to immigrate to the USA with his family. He accepted an invitation by the Quakers to give a lecture tour in the United States in 1936, and again in 1939. When the war broke out in September 1939, he could not come back to Germany to pick up his family.
The eldest son came to the States in 1938, after having attended the Quaker school in
Eerde
Eerde is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is part of the municipality of Meierijstad, located about 500 m west of the built-up area of Veghel and 3 km southwest of the town centre of Veghel.''ANWB Topografische Atla ...
, the Netherlands, and his two siblings, also Eerde students, followed after the war. Elizabeth and her two boys joined her husband in December 1947. Kunkel continued to develop the We-Psychology and his religious psychology, while leading an active life of writing, lecturing, and psychotherapy, until his death on Easter Sunday in 1956.
Literary works
* Unknown year: ''Psychologie van het ongeloof'' (Dutch translation)
* 1927 ''Die Grundbegriffe der Individualpsychologie (with Ruth Kunkel)''. Opvoeding tot persoonlijkheid (Dutch translation)
* 1928 ''Die Arbeit am Character''. God helps those. Karaktervorming door zelfopvoeding (Dutch translation)
* 1929 Arbeit am Charakter
* 1929-1935 ''Angewandte Charakterkunde'', 6 vols
* 1929 Part 1 from ''Angewandte Charakterkunde'' ''Einführung in die Characterkunde''. Introduction a la characterologia. Inleiding tot de dialectische karakterkunde (Dutch translation). ''Let's be normal''
* 1929 ''Der kritische Punkt in der Charakterkunde''.
* 1929 ''Das Dumme Kind''. Het domme kind (Dutch translation)
* 1929 ''Vitale Dialektik''. Levend denken (Dutch translation)
* 1930 ''Jugendcharakterkunde''. What It Means To Grow Up. Karakterkunde van de jeugd (Dutch translation)
* 1931 ''Grundzüge der Politischen Charakterkunde''. Individu en gemeenschap (Dutch translation)
* 1931 ''Eine Angstneurose und Ihre Behandlung''. Genezing van angst (Dutch translation)
* 1931 Part 2 ''Charakter, Wachstum und Erziehung''. Karakter, groei en opvoeding (Dutch translation). ''Character, Growth, and Education''
* 1932 ''Krisenbriefe''. Crisisbrieven (Dutch translation)
* 1932 Part 3 ''Charakter, Liebe und Ehe''. Karakter, liefde en huwelijk (Dutch translation)
* 1933 Part 4 ''Charakter, Einzelmensch und Gruppe''. Groepskarakterkunde (Dutch translation)
* 1934 Part 5 ''Charakter, Leiden und Heilung''. Karakter, ziekte en genezing (Dutch translation)
* 1935 Part 6 ''Charakter, Krisis und Weltanschauung'', 2e bearbeitung von Vitale Dialektiek
* 1935 Grundzüge der praktischen Seelenheilkunde. ''Conquer Yourself''
* 1936 ''Die Erziehung Deiner Kinder'' (with Elizabeth Kunkel)
* 1939 ''Das Wir.''
* 1940 ''How Character Develops'' (with Roy Dickerson)
* 1943 ''Ringen um Reife''. ''In Search of Maturity''
* 1946 ''What Do You Advise?'' (with Ruth Gardner).
* 1947 ''Creation Continues''. Die Schöpfung geht weiter (German translation). De Schepping voltrekt zich (Dutch translation by Rob de Visser, published in December 2014)
* 1947 ''My Dear Ego''
See also
*
Collective identity
Collective identity or group identity is a shared sense of belonging to a group. This concept appears within a few social science fields. National identity is a simple example, though myriad groups exist which share a sense of identity. Like ma ...
References
External links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050508015402/http://www.pedinova.ch/fritz-kuenkel-psycho.0.html (German)
/ Editor's note Kunkel Sel. Writings* http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/apr1985/v42-1-booknotes11.htm
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunkel Fritz
German psychologists
20th-century American psychologists
1889 births
1956 deaths