Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the

Canadian province Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Constitution of Canada, Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North Amer ...

New Brunswick New Brunswick is a Provinces and Territories of Canada, province of Canada, bordering Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the northeast, the Bay of Fundy to the southeast, and the U.S. state of Maine to ...

. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, also known by its

Indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology) In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often populari ...

name of Wolastoq, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, As of the 2024 Statistics Canada estimates, the city had a population of 72,700, with the metropolitan population in 2024 estimated at 122,5002
.It is the third-largest city in the province after

Moncton Moncton (; ) is the most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of New Brunswick. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the The Maritimes, Maritime Provinces. Th ...

and Saint John. On 1 January 2023, Fredericton annexed parts of five

local service district Local service district may refer to these administrative units in Canada: * Local service district (New Brunswick) A local service district (LSD) was a provincial administrative unit for the provision of local services in the Canadian province o ...

s; revised census figures have not been released. An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, The University of New Brunswick and St. Thomas University, the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design,

New Brunswick Community College New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) is a public college located throughout various locations in New Brunswick, Canada, including Moncton, Miramichi, Fredericton (its head office), Saint John, St. Andrews, and Woodstock. New Brunswick Commu ...

and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, the Fredericton Region Museum, and The Playhouse, a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual

Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival The Harvest Music Festival (formerly known as the Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival) is an annual music festival held each September in downtown Fredericton, New Brunswick, that features blues, jazz and world music. The first festival in 1991 was h ...

, attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. The city also hosts the Garrison Night Market through the summer months which showcases many local vendors and artists and musicians. Fredericton is also an important and vibrant centre point for the region's top visual artists; many of New Brunswick's notable artists live and work there today. Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well, including Goodridge Roberts, and Molly and Bruno Bobak. As a provincial capital, its economy is tied to the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick.

History

There is archaeological evidence of a camp in the area 12,000 years ago, and the

Wolastoqiyik The Wolastoqiyik, (, also known as the Maliseet or Malecite () are an Algonquian-speaking First Nation of the Wabanaki Confederacy. They are the Indigenous people of the Wolastoq ( Saint John River) valley and its tributaries. Their terri ...

farmed several kilometres upriver. Colonists from the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from th ...

in the late 1600s built

Fort Nashwaak Fort Nashwaak (also known as Fort Naxoat, Fort St. Joseph) was the capital of Acadia and is now a National Historic Site of Canada in present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It was located strategically up the Saint John River and clos ...

on the north side of the Saint John River, as the capital of

Acadia Acadia (; ) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the The Maritimes, Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. The population of Acadia included the various ...

. It withstood a British attack in 1696, but the capital was later moved to

Port Royal Port Royal () was a town located at the end of the Palisadoes, at the mouth of Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1494 by the Spanish, it was once the largest and most prosperous city in the Caribbean, functioning as the cen ...

(

Annapolis Royal Annapolis Royal is a town in and the county seat of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The community, known as Port Royal before 1710, is recognised as having one of the longest histories in North America, preceding the settlements at Plym ...

). In 1713, Acadians escaping the British takeover of

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...

settled the site, naming it Pointe Ste-Anne. It was destroyed in 1758 when the population of about 83 were exiled during the

expulsion of the Acadians The Expulsion of the Acadians was the forced removal of inhabitants of the North American region historically known as Acadia between 1755 and 1764 by Great Britain. It included the modern Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Br ...

. It was in 1783, when

United Empire Loyalist United Empire Loyalist (UEL; or simply Loyalist) is an honorific title which was first given by the 1st Lord Dorchester, the governor of Quebec and governor general of the Canadas, to American Loyalists who resettled in British North Ameri ...

s arrived from New England, that the history of modern Fredericton began. The following year, New Brunswick was partitioned from

and became its own colony. Pointe-Ste-Anne was renamed "Fredericstown", after

Frederick Frederick may refer to: People * Frederick (given name), the name Given name Nobility = Anhalt-Harzgerode = * Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670) = Austria = * Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria fro ...

, second son of King

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and ...

. It became the capital of the new colony, being considered to have a better defensive position than larger Saint John. The streets were laid out in the typical grid pattern of the time, with the names reflecting loyalist tendencies: Charlotte, Brunswick, George, King, and Queen. In 1785, it became the shire town of York County. In 1790 the

New Brunswick Legislative Building The New Brunswick Legislative Building () is the home to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, and is located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Opened in 1882, the Second Empire (architecture), Second Empire style structure was designed ...

was constructed. As a centre of government, it attracted educational institutions, with King's College (now the

University of New Brunswick The University of New Brunswick (UNB) is a public university with two primary campuses in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick. It is the oldest English language, English-language university in Canada, and among the oldest public universiti ...

) being the first English-language university in Canada, and religious institutions, with Christ Church Cathedral being built as the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Fredericton in 1853. It was a British garrison town from 1784 to 1869, and the military compound is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada. With the New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program in the 1960s, county councils were abolished, and government services were centralized provincially in Fredericton, increasing jobs and population.

Geography

The Saint John River runs through Fredericton. The city's downtown core lies on the flat low-lying ground on either side of the river, with most of the city's post-war suburban development occurring on the gently sloping hills of the river valley. At an altitude of about above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In the west side, the bedrock underneath the earth is topographically dominant, whereas the other is controlled by

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( ; referred to colloquially as the ''ice age, Ice Age'') is the geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fin ...

and recent deposits leading to the rivers (resulting in the area being shallow and wide). Fredericton and its surroundings are rich in water resources, which, coupled with highly arable soil, make the Fredericton region ideal for agriculture. The Saint John River and one of its major tributaries, the

Nashwaak River The Nashwaak River, located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, is a tributary of the Saint John River. It is 113 kilometres long, draining an area of roughly . The river drains south from Nashwaak Lake (southeast of the village of Juniper) ...

, come together in Fredericton. The uninhabited parts of the city are heavily forested.

Climate

Fredericton has a

warm-summer humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(''Dfb'' under the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

system), with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The city has high

humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, dew, or fog t ...

and

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

year-round; on average, Fredericton receives approximately of precipitation per year.

Demographics

In the

2021 Canadian census The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canada, Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, whic ...

conducted by

Statistics Canada Statistics Canada (StatCan; ), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. It is headquartered in ...

, Fredericton had a population of 63,116 living in 28,478 of its 29,892 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. At the

census metropolitan area The census geographic units of Canada are the census subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's quinquennial census. These areas exist solely for the purposes of stat ...

(CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Fredericton CMA had a population of 108,610 living in 46,357 of its 48,761 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 102,690. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. The 2021 census reported that

immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short- ...

(individuals born outside Canada) comprise 7,790 persons or 12.6% of the total population of Fredericton. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (765 persons or 9.8%), China (645 persons or 8.3%), United States of America (570 persons or 7.3%), Syria (505 persons or 6.5%), Philippines (500 persons or 6.4%), India (460 persons or 5.9%), Egypt (300 persons or 3.9%), Iran (245 persons or 3.1%), Lebanon (205 persons or 2.6%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (180 persons or 2.3%).

Ethnicity

In 2021, Fredericton was 82.5% white/European, 3.5% Indigenous and 14.0% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups were Black (2.9%), South Asian (2.9%), Arab (2.5%), Chinese (1.8%) and Filipino (1.0%). Fredericton accepted the highest number of refugees from the Syrian Civil War per capita of any Canadian city.

Language

English is spoken as a

mother tongue A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongue'' refers ...

by 80.2% of residents. Other mother tongues spoken are French (6.1%), Arabic (2.1%),

Chinese language Chinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and List of ethnic groups in China, many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39& ...

s (1.4%), Spanish (0.7%), Russian (0.6%), and Persian languages (0.5%). 1.4% of the population listed both English and French as mother tongues.

Religion

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Fredericton included: *

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

(32,295 persons or 52.2%) *

Irreligion Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, ...

(25,150 persons or 40.7%) *

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

(2,305 persons or 3.7%) *

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified ...

(820 persons or 1.3%) *

Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

(225 persons or 0.4%) *

Sikhism Sikhism is an Indian religion and Indian philosophy, philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups, major religio ...

(190 persons or 0.3%) *

Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...

(160 persons or 0.3%) * Indigenous Spirituality (15 persons or <0.1%) *Other (670 persons or 1.1%) Those who declare a religion are predominantly Protestant. Fredericton has a

synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...

, a

mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...

, a

Hindu temple A Hindu temple, also known as Mandir, Devasthanam, Pura, or Kovil, is a sacred place where Hindus worship and show their devotion to Hindu deities, deities through worship, sacrifice, and prayers. It is considered the house of the god to who ...

, a Unitarian fellowship, and a Shambhala Buddhist meditation centre.

Economy

The

Government of New Brunswick The Government of New Brunswick () is the provincial government of the province of New Brunswick. Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867. The Provinces and territories of Canada, Province of New Brunswick has a unicam ...

and the universities are the primary employers. The policies of centralizing provincial government functions during the 1960s led to an expansion of the population. The 1960s also saw an expansion of the

due to increased post-war university enrolment, as well as the construction of Saint Thomas University. The Law School, now the

University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law The University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law is the second oldest university-based common law Faculty in the Commonwealth.Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for Wireless LAN, local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by ...

initiative. This and other innovations by the city's utelco, e-Novations, led

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and Delaware General Corporation Law, incorporated in Delaware. Intel designs, manufactures, and sells computer compo ...

to do a case study on their successes. Fred-eZone spans much of the city's downtown and parts of surrounding residential areas, as well as peripheral commercial areas such as Fredericton's Regent Mall. In 2008 and 2009 the Intelligent Community Forum selected Fredericton as a Top 7 Intelligent Community, based partly on the city's work in the IT sector.

Arts and culture

The

Playhouse Playhouse () is a common term for a theatre. Playhouse, The Playhouse, Playhouse Theatre, or Playhouse Theater may also refer to: Venues and theatre companies Australia * Dunstan Playhouse, at the Adelaide Festival Centre, Adelaide, South Au ...

is the main venue for Theatre New Brunswick, the province's largest professional theatre company. Festivals include the

, the New Brunswick Summer Music Festival, the Silver Wave Film Festival, the Flourish Arts & Music Festival, and Symphony New Brunswick. Fredericton has a long literary tradition, having been home to Jonathan Odell, Charles G. D. Roberts,

Bliss Carman William Bliss Carman (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years. In Canada, Car ...

, and Francis Sherman. Writers living in Fredericton include Raymond Fraser, Herb Curtis,

David Adams Richards David Adams Richards (born 17 October 1950) is a Canadian writer and member of the Senate of Canada, Canadian Senate.Mark Anthony Jarman, and

Gerard Beirne Gerard Beirne is an Irish author and literary editor. He is a fiction editor for '' The Fiddlehead'' and curates the online magazine ''The Irish Literary Times''. In 2008, Beirne served as Writer in Residence at the University of New Brunswic ...

Fredericton's beloved fountain "Freddy the Nude Dude", officially known as "Putto with Fish" sits outside

City Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal hall (in the Philippines) is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses the city o ...

at 397 Queen St. "Freddy the Nude Dude" was donated to the city by Mayor George Edward Fentey, in 1885. The statue depicts a nude

Cherub A cherub (; : cherubim; ''kərūḇ'', pl. ''kərūḇīm'') is one type of supernatural being in the Abrahamic religions. The numerous depictions of cherubim assign to them many different roles, such as protecting the entrance of the Garden of ...

and is a beloved fixture of downtown Fredericton. The famed statue has had some trouble since its historic arrival in 1885. In January 2013, "Freddy the Nude Dude" was taken south to Alabama for a replication of the original statue after 128 winters worth of damage. The original Freddy is kept safely inside

where it is protected from further weather damage.

Architecture

Styles range from

Victorian Victorian or Victorians may refer to: 19th century * Victorian era, British history during Queen Victoria's 19th-century reign ** Victorian architecture ** Victorian house ** Victorian decorative arts ** Victorian fashion ** Victorian literatur ...

to modern. There are 12 National Historic Sites in the city, beyond the dozen National Historic People and two National Historic Events honored there.

Museums and historic buildings

* Beaverbrook Art Gallery *

* Old Government House * Fredericton Region Museum * Christ Church Cathedral *

New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame The New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame () is a provincial sports hall of fame and museum in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The sports hall of fame honours athletes, teams, and sport builders that are from the Canadian province of New Brunswick. New nom ...

* Science East * Sir Howard Douglas Hall (Old Arts Building) *

William Brydone Jack Observatory The William Brydone Jack Observatory is a small astronomical observatory on the campus of the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Constructed in 1851, it was the first astronomical observatory built in British North Amer ...

* St. Anne's Chapel *

* Fredericton City Hall * Marysville Cotton Mill * Centennial Building

Sports

There are no professional sports teams in Fredericton, although both universities have extensive athletic programs. The

UNB Reds The UNB REDS are the athletic teams that represent the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. The UNB REDS compete in a variety of sports, including men's and women's basketball, ice hockey, soccer, and volleyball. ...

play in the

Atlantic University Sport Atlantic University Sport (AUS; ) is a regional membership association for universities in Atlantic Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, re ...

conference of

U Sports U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Résea ...

and St. Thomas Tommies play in the

Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association The Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association (ACAA; ) is the governing body for collegiate sports in Atlantic Canada. Founded in 1967 as the Nova Scotia College Conference, the ACAA is represented by ten schools in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and ...

conference of the

Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association The Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA, ) is the national governing body for organized sports at the college level in Canada. National championships CCAA members currently compete for national championships in the following sports: ...

for most sports, although their women's hockey team, cross-country teams, and track & field teams play in the Atlantic University Sports conference of U Sports. Fredericton's high schools compete in a variety of sports in the

New Brunswick Interscholastic Athletic Association The New Brunswick Interscholastic Athletic Association, or NBIAA, () is the Sport governing body, governing body for high school sports in New Brunswick, Canada. As with all of Canada's provincial high school athletics associations, the NBIAA is a ...

. UNB's men's hockey team are 10-time National Champions, and the highest attended sporting events in the city. The Junior A hockey team is the Fredericton Red Wings. The former

Fredericton Express The Fredericton Express were a professional ice hockey team based in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. They played in the American Hockey League between 1981 and 1988. The Express were affiliated with the Quebec Nordiques and Vancouver Canucks of ...

and

Fredericton Canadiens The Fredericton Canadiens, or the 'Baby Habs', were a professional ice hockey team in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The Canadiens played their home games at the Aitken Centre. They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1990 to 1999, and ...

were

American Hockey League The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary developmental league of the National Hockey League (NHL). The league comprises 32 teams, with 26 in the United States and 6 in Cana ...

teams. Each summer the Fredericton Loyalists host the

New Brunswick Timber Black Spruce Rugby are a Canadian rugby union team based in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The team plays in the Rugby Canada Super League and draws most of its players from the New Brunswick Rugby Union. The Spruce play their home games at Loyalist ...

team which competes in the

Rugby Canada Super League The Rugby Canada Super League (RCSL or Super League) was a national, semi-professional rugby union competition in Canada. The league represented the second level of domestic rugby union in Canada, and the highest level wholly indigenous to Canada ...

. Fredericton often holds high class

curling Curling is a sport in which players slide #Curling stone, stones on a sheet of ice toward a target area that is segmented into four concentric circles. It is related to bowls, boules, and shuffleboard. Two teams, each with four players, take t ...

competitions.

Parks and recreation

* Carleton Park, part of the Northside Riverfront Trail, includes a boat launching area. The park was once the site of Alexander "Boss" Gibson's rail yard. * The Green, along the north and south banks of the Saint John River, a walking and biking trail. * Killarney Lake Park, a lakeside park with a beach and picnic spots as well as an extensive network of nature trails. * Odell Park features preserved forested areas, trails, spaces for picnics and gatherings, and the

Fredericton Botanic Garden The Fredericton Botanic Garden is a garden located on hillside backed by Odell Park in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Its main features include terraces, streams, and springs, and natural habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the a ...

* Officers' Square is a venue for outdoor concerts and has an outdoor skating rink in the winter. * Queen Square Park, in the heart of Downtown Fredericton. * Reading Park ( ) is a passive use park incorporating an open meadow, and a walking trail through an old-growth forest. The park's

old-growth forest An old-growth forest or primary forest is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance. Due to this, old-growth forests exhibit unique ecological features. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Natio ...

is one of the city's last remaining habitats for the

pileated woodpecker The pileated woodpecker ( ; ''Dryocopus pileatus'') is a large, crow-sized woodpecker with a prominent red crest, white neck stripe, and a mostly black body. These woodpeckers are native to North America, where it is the largest confirmed extant ...

. * Wilmot Park - a recreational park downtown.

Trail system

Fredericton has a network of 25 trails totaling more than on both sides of the Saint John and Nashwaak Rivers. Many of the city trails are

rail trail A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a Right of way#Rail right of way, railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed but may also share the rail corr ...

s that follow old railway lines. These include the

Fredericton Railway Bridge The Fredericton Railway Bridge is a former railway bridge in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada now used to carry pedestrians and cyclists. It crosses the Saint John River from the east end of Fredericton's central business district on the we ...

that spans across the Saint John River. The rail trail system in Fredericton is part of the Sentier NB Trail system and some of these trails are also part of the larger

Trans-Canada Trail The Trans Canada Trail is a cross-Canada system of greenways, waterways, and roadways that stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the Arctic oceans. The trail extends over ; it is now the longest recreational, multi-use trail network in t ...

network.

Government

Fredericton has a

non-partisan Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias. While an ''Oxford English Dictionary'' definition of ''partisan'' includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., ...

and

Mayor–council government A mayor–council government is a system of local government in which a mayor who is directly elected by the voters acts as chief executive, while a separately elected city council constitutes the legislative body. It is one of the two most comm ...

. The mayor and council serve four-year terms with elections in May. The city is divided into 12 wards, six on each side of the river, with one councillor per ward. The city includes the provincial ridings of

Fredericton North Fredericton North () is a provinces and territories of Canada, provincial electoral district (Canada), electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada from New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1973, 1973 to New Bruns ...

Fredericton-Grand Lake Fredericton-Grand Lake () is a provinces and territories of Canada, provincial electoral district (Canada), electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested ...

, Fredericton West-Hanwell, Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton, New Maryland-Sunbury and

Fredericton South Fredericton South () was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries by ...

, which in 2014 elected the first-ever MLA for the

Green Party of New Brunswick The Green Party of New Brunswick (PVNBGP; ), commonly known as the Greens, is a green politics, green provincial political party in New Brunswick, Canada. Formed in 2008, the party has been under the leadership of David Coon since 2012. The party ...

, party leader

David Coon David Charles Coon (born October 28, 1956) is a Canadian Conservation movement, conservationist and politician who has served as leader of the Green Party of New Brunswick since 2012 and as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick ...

. Federally, the city forms most of the riding of

Fredericton Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), Saint John River, ...

Emergency services and police

Fredericton Police is responsible for policing in the city and has 115 sworn members (as of 2012); The force was founded in 1851. Fredericton Fire Department has 4 stations providing fire suppression in the city

Education and research

The

Anglophone West School District Anglophone West is a Canadian school district in New Brunswick. Anglophone West is an Anglophone district operating 70 public schools (gr. K-12) in York, Carleton, Victoria, Madawaska and Queens counties. Current enrollment is approximate ...

and the District Scolaire Francophone Sud (District 1) run schools including

Fredericton High School Fredericton High School is a public secondary school located in the city of Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada that serves students under grades 9- 12. The current principal is Peter Batt. With a student enrollment of 2,136 during the 2022-2023 ...

École des Bâtisseurs École or Ecole may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * Éco ...

, and the École Sainte-Anne.

Leo Hayes High School Leo Hayes High School is a public high school in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, serving students between grades 9 and 12 on the city's north side. The school's motto is ''Dreams are the Seedlings of Reality''. History The school opened in 19 ...

is a

public–private partnership A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sectors, private sector institutions.Hodge, G. A and Greve, C. (2007), Public–Private Partnerships: An International Performance Revie ...

There are two universities, the

, and St. Thomas, the province's only Catholic university. Colleges include the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design, the

, and the Maritime College of Forest Technology. For-profit universities include University of Fredericton and Yorkville University. The Hugh John Flemming Forestry Centre researches in forestry management. Fredericton's Provincial Research Organization specializes in aquaculture, mining, manufacturing, energy and the environment.

Transportation

Air service is provided out of the

Fredericton International Airport Fredericton International Airport is an airport in Lincoln, New Brunswick, Canada, southeast of Fredericton. The airport is classified as an international airport by Transport Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). ...

. Fredericton Transit provides bus service 7 days a week. Fredericton started installing bicycle lanes in July 2008. Passenger rail service ended in the 1960s, and freight in 1996. All railway tracks have been abandoned and removed. Fredericton is served by the

Maritime Bus Maritime Bus is a Canadian coach operator based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. The company began operations on December 1, 2012, after Acadian Lines discontinued service on November 30. History Maritime Bus began operations in Decembe ...

fleet which provides connections to points throughout the Maritimes. The

Trans-Canada Highway The Trans-Canada Highway (Canadian French, French: ; abbreviated as the TCH or T-Can) is a transcontinental federal–provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada, from the Pacific Ocean on the west coast to the A ...

passes along the southern municipal boundary. Routes 7 and 8 (the latter being a former alignment of the Trans-Canada) also pass through the city. Two highway bridges, the

Westmorland Street Bridge The Westmorland Street Bridge is a bridge crossing the Saint John River in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Opened on 19 September 1981, the Westmorland Street Bridge is an extension of Westmorland Street in Fredericton's central business di ...

and the Princess Margaret Bridge, cross the Saint John River. Those bridges feed into controlled-access roads (Routes 8 and

105 105 may refer to: *105 (number), the number * AD 105, a year in the 2nd century AD * 105 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC * 105 (telephone number), the emergency telephone number in Mongolia * 105 (MBTA bus), a Massachusetts Bay Transport Authority ...

serving the city's north side).

Gallery

File:Princess Margaret Bridge in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.jpg, Princess Margaret Bridge File:Nashwaak River trail.JPG, The Nashwaak River Trail File:Fredericton - Galerie d'art Beaverbrook 2.JPG, The Beaverbrook Art Gallery, prior to the addition of the Harrison McCain Pavilion in 2022 File:Tintamarre Fredericton.JPG,

Tintamarre ''Tintamarre'' is an Acadian tradition of marching through one's community making noise with improvised instruments and other noisemakers, usually in celebration of National Acadian Day. The term originates from the Acadian French word meanin ...

, a Celebration of Acadian culture in Fredericton File:Fredericton - Queen's Square 3.JPG, Queen Square Park File:New Brunswick Legislative Building (6838973457).jpg, The

File:MarysvillePlaceMarysvilleNB2014.jpg, Marysville Place houses a number of offices for the provincial government. File:Downtown Fredericton.jpg, Downtown Fredericton File:Fredericton Transit New Brunswick Canada Bus 4936.JPG, Fredericton Transit bus with bike rack

Notes

References

External links

* {{Authority control Cities in New Brunswick Former colonial capitals in Canada Greater Fredericton Populated places established in 1785 New Brunswick populated places on the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)