Ford–GM 10-speed Automatic Transmission

The Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission is part of a joint venture between Ford Motor Company and General Motors to design and engineer two transmissions: a longitudinal 10-speed transmission and a transverse 9-speed trans-axle. Each company manufactures its own unique version of the transmissions in its own factories. The 10-speed transmission was designed by Ford, while the 9-speed transmission was designed by GM.

Production

The 10R 80 was first produced at the Ford Livonia Transmission Plant in Livonia, Michigan, and the Hydra-Matic 10L 80 is made at the General Motors Romulus Powertrain Plant, in Romulus, Michigan. GM's Silao, Mexico, transmission plant started 10L 80 production in 2018, while Ford's Sharonville Transmission plant started 10R 80 production in 2018.

Specifications

Layout

The transmission is based on the well-known 8-speed automatic transmission 8HP from ZF. A unique triple-clutch assembly on a dedicated intermediate shaft, placed in the middle of the architecture, replaces two ordinary clutches and is the key for packaging the 10-speed unit into the same space as the previous transmission.

Compared to the 8-speed architecture, the transmission offers smaller steps between the lower gears, which benefits acceleration at low speeds. However, the individual gears are even more unevenly distributed than there. Furthermore, it was not possible to achieve any significant improvement in the steps, particularly in the upper gears, where it is more important than in the lower gears. It was also not possible to increase the total span. The gear step from 9th to 10th gear is unfavorably small at less than 9 %. These factors largely cancel out the advantage of the additional gears.

{, class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center"
, +Gear Ratios
!colspan=5, With Assessment
!colspan=4, Planetary Gearset: Teeth
!Count
!Total
Center
!Avg.
, -
, colspan=12 style="background:#AAF;",
, -
!Model
Type
!colspan=4, Version
First Delivery
!S₁
R₁
!S₂
R₂
!S₃
R₃
!S₄
R₄
!Brakes
Clutches
!Ratio
Span
!Gear
Step
, - style="font-style:italic;"
!Gear
Ratio
!R
${i_R}$
!1
${i_1}$
!2
${i_2}$
!3
${i_3}$
!4
${i_4}$
!5
${i_5}$
!6
${i_6}$
!7
${i_7}$
!8
${i_8}$
!9
${i_9}$
!10
${i_{10$
, -
!Step
!$-\tfrac{i_R} {i_1}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_1}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_2}$
!$\tfrac{i_2} {i_3}$
!$\tfrac{i_3} {i_4}$
!$\tfrac{i_4} {i_5}$
!$\tfrac{i_5} {i_6}$
!$\tfrac{i_6} {i_7}$
!$\tfrac{i_7} {i_8}$
!$\tfrac{i_8} {i_9}$
!$\tfrac{i_9} {i_{10$
, -
!Δ Step
!style="background:#DDF;",
!style="background:#DDF;",
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_2} : \tfrac{i_2} {i_3}$
!$\tfrac{i_2} {i_3} : \tfrac{i_3} {i_4}$
!$\tfrac{i_3} {i_4} : \tfrac{i_4} {i_5}$
!$\tfrac{i_4} {i_5} : \tfrac{i_5} {i_6}$
!$\tfrac{i_5} {i_6} : \tfrac{i_6} {i_7}$
!$\tfrac{i_6} {i_7} : \tfrac{i_7} {i_8}$
!$\tfrac{i_7} {i_8} : \tfrac{i_8} {i_9}$
!$\tfrac{i_8} {i_9} : \tfrac{i_9} {i_{10$
!style="background:#DDF;",
, -
!Shaft
Speed
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_R}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_1}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_2}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_3}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_4}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_5}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_6}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_7}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_8}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_9}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_{10$
, -
!Δ Shaft
Speed
!$0 - \tfrac{i_1} {i_R}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_1} - 0$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_2} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_1}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_3} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_2}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_4} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_3}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_5} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_4}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_6} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_5}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_7} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_6}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_8} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_7}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_9} - \tfrac{i_1} {i_8}$
!$\tfrac{i_1} {i_{10 - \tfrac{i_1} {i_9}$
, -
, colspan=12 style="background:#AAF;",
, -
!Ford 10R 80
GM 10L 80
GM 10L 90
, colspan=4,  · 2017
 · 2018
, 45
95
, 51
89
, 73
119
, 23
85
, 2
4
,

, style="background:#FFC;",
, - style="font-style:italic;"
!Gear
Ratio
,
$-\tfrac{40,851}{8,395}$
,
$\tfrac{108}{23}$
,
$\tfrac{2403}{805}$
,
$\tfrac{3,024}{1,409}$
,
$\tfrac{743}{420}$
,
$\tfrac{80,244}{52,789}$
,
$\tfrac{9,289,296}{7,285,081}$
,
$\tfrac{1}{1}$
,
$\tfrac{650,168}{720,653}$
,
$\tfrac{3,204}{4,649}$
,
$\tfrac{89}{140}$
, -
!Step
, 1.0363
!1.0000
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.3909
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.2386
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.0841
, -
!Δ Step
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1465
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0425
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0885
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1425
, style="background:#DDF;",
, -
!Speed
, –0.9650
!1.0000
, 1.5730
, 2.1879
,
,
, 3.6825
, 4.6956
,
, 6.8134
,
, -
!Δ Speed
, 0.9650
!1.0000
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5730
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.6148
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5935
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0131
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.3126
, style="background:#DFD;",
, -
!colspan=12,
, -
!Ford
10R 140
, colspan=4,  · 2020
, 58
122
, 50
86
, 69
111
, 26
94
, 2
4
,

, style="background:#FFC;",
, - style="font-style:italic;"
!Gear
Ratio
,
$-\tfrac{23,865}{5,083}$
,
$\tfrac{60}{13}$
,
$\tfrac{645}{221}$
,
$\tfrac{5,400}{2,533}$
,
$\tfrac{3,497}{1,972}$
,
$\tfrac{41,964}{27,629}$
,
$\tfrac{303,768}{237,827}$
,
$\tfrac{1}{1}$
,
$\tfrac{6,192}{7,273}$
,
$\tfrac{516}{751}$
,
$\tfrac{43}{68}$
, -
!Step
, 1.0173
!1.0000
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.5814
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.3690
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.2391
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.0866
, -
!Δ Step
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1551
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1388
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0297
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0874
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1404
, style="background:#DDF;",
, -
!Speed
, –0.9830
!1.0000
, 1.5814
, 2.1650
,
,
, 3.6135
, 4.6154
,
, 6.7174
,
, -
!Δ Speed
, 0.9830
!1.0000
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5814
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5836
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5747
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0019
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.2962
, style="background:#DFD;",
, -
!colspan=12,
, -
!GM 10L 1000
(Allison)
, colspan=4,  · 2020
, 53
103
, 53
91
, 65
103
, 26
92
, 2
4
,

, style="background:#FFC;",
, - style="font-style:italic;"
!Gear
Ratio
,
$-\tfrac{553,007}{121,680}$
,
$\tfrac{59}{13}$
,
$\tfrac{413}{144}$
,
$\tfrac{4,602}{2,233}$
,
$\tfrac{247}{144}$
,
$\tfrac{14,573}{9,835}$
,
$\tfrac{57,702}{45,857}$
,
$\tfrac{1}{1}$
,
$\tfrac{34,692}{40,787}$
,
$\tfrac{5,369}{7,807}$
,
$\tfrac{91}{144}$
, -
!Step
, 1.0014
!1.0000
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.3916
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.2368
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.0883
, -
!Δ Step
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1583
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0379
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0703
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1365
, style="background:#DDF;",
, -
!Speed
, –0.9986
!1.0000
, 1.5824
, 2.2022
,
,
, 3.6068
, 4.5386
,
, 6.5993
,
, -
!Δ Speed
, 0.9986
!1.0000
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5824
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.6198
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5439
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.9317
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.2635
, style="background:#DFD;",
, -
!colspan=12,
, -
!Ford 10R 60
, colspan=4,  · 2020
, 45
95
, 51
89
, 73
119
, 28
104
, 2
4
,

, style="background:#FFC;",
, - style="font-style:italic;"
!Gear
Ratio
,
$-\tfrac{49,929}{10,220}$
,
$\tfrac{33}{7}$
,
$\tfrac{2,937}{980}$
,
$\tfrac{462}{215}$
,
$\tfrac{743}{420}$
,
$\tfrac{24,519}{16,121}$
,
$\tfrac{1,419,198}{1,112,671}$
,
$\tfrac{1}{1}$
,
$\tfrac{93,984}{110,117}$
,
$\tfrac{979}{1,421}$
,
$\tfrac{89}{140}$
, -
!Step
, 1.0363
!1.0000
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.3947
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;",
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.2389
, style="background:#FFC;", 1.0837
, -
!Δ Step
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DDF;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1482
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0443
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0886
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.1431
, style="background:#DDF;",
, -
!Speed
, –0.9650
!1.0000
, 1.5730
, 2.1979
,
,
, 3.6961
, 4.7143
,
, 6.8143
,
, -
!Δ Speed
, 0.9650
!1.0000
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5730
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.6208
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 0.5965
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.0182
, style="background:#DFD;",
, style="background:#DFD;", 1.3192
, style="background:#DFD;",
, -
, colspan=12 style="background:#AAF;",
, -
!''Ratio''
''R & Even''
, colspan=2, $i_R = -\tfrac{R_2 R_3 (S_4+ R_4)} {S_3 S_4 (S_2+ R_2)}$
, $\tfrac{R_2 (S_4+ R_4)} {S_4 (S_2+ R_2)}$
, colspan=2, $1+\tfrac{S_2 R_1} {S_1 (S_2+ R_2)}$
, colspan=3, $\tfrac{(S_1 R_2 (S_3+ R_3)+ S_2 S_3 (S_1+ R_1)) (S_4+ R_4)} {(S_1 R_2 (S_3+ R_3)+ S_1 S_2 S_3) (S_4+ R_4)+ R_1 S_2 S_3 S_4}$
, colspan=2, $\tfrac{R_2 (S_3+ R_3) (S_4+ R_4)} {R_2 (S_3+ R_3) (S_4+ R_4)+ S_2 S_3 R_4}$
, $\tfrac{R_2} {S_2+ R_2}$
, -
!''Ratio''
''Odd''
,
, colspan=2, $i_1 = \tfrac{S_4+ R_4} {S_4}$
, colspan=2, $\tfrac{(S_1+ R_1) (S_4+ R_4)} {S_1 (S_4+ R_4)+ S_4 R_1}$
, colspan=2, $\tfrac{(S_1 (S_2+ R_2)+ R_1 S_2) (S_4+ R_4)} {S_1 (S_2+ R_2) (S_4+ R_4)+ R_1 S_2 S_4}$
, colspan=2, $i_7 = \tfrac{1} {1}$
, colspan=2, $i_9 = \tfrac{R_2 (S_4+ R_4)} {R_2 (S_4+ R_4)+ S_2 R_4}$
, -
!colspan=12, Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
, -
!Brake A
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
,
,
,
,
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, -
!Brake B
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
,
,
,
, -
!Clutch C
,
,
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
, ❶
,
, ❶
, ❶
, -
!Clutch D
, ❶
, (❶)
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
, ❶
, -
!Clutch E
,
, ❶
,
, ❶
,
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
,
, -
!Clutch F
, ❶
,
,
,
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, ❶
, -
, colspan=12 style="background:#AAF;",
, -
, colspan=12,
, -
, colspan=12 style="background:#AAF;",
, -

Applications

Ford

10R 60

*2020–present Ford Explorer
*2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility:
**Standard on 3.3L V6 engine models
*2021–present Ford Bronco
*2024–present Ford Ranger

10R 80 MHT

*2020–2023 Ford Explorer HEV
*2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility HEV
*2020–present Lincoln Aviator HEV
*2021–present Ford F-150 Powerboost HEV

10R 80

*2017–present Ford F-150:
**2017–present in 3.5L EcoBoost models
**2018–present in all other models except the 2018–2020 with 3.3L V6
*2018–present Ford Mustang
*2018–present Ford Expedition
*2018–present Lincoln Navigator
*2019–present Ford Ranger
*2019–present Ford Everest
*2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility:
**Standard on 3.0L EcoBoost V6 models
*2020–present Ford Transit
*2023–present VW Amarok

10R 140

*2020–present Ford Super Duty

General Motors

Source

10L 60

*2020–2024 Chevrolet Camaro V6

10L 80 MF6

*2018–present Chevrolet Suburban
*2018–present Cadillac Escalade
*2018–present Chevrolet Tahoe
*2018–present GMC Yukon Denali
*2019–2024 Chevrolet Camaro SS
*2019–present Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500 (except V6 and 4-cylinder models, which use the 6L80 and 8L90 respectively)

10L 90 MX0

*2017–2024 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1
*2019–2020 Cadillac CT6
*2020–present Cadillac CT5
*2020–present Cadillac CT4

10L 1000 (Allison) MGM · MGU

*2020–present Chevrolet Silverado HD/ GMC Sierra HD

Lawsuits

At least five class action lawsuits have been filed regarding vehicles equipped with Ford's 10R 80 transmission.https://www.classaction.org/media/mccabe-v-ford-motor-company.pdf. McCabe v. Ford Motor Company. Case 1:23-cv-10829. Document 1. Retrieved 27 October 2023.https://app.ediscoveryassistant.com/case_law/51364-o-connor-v-ford-motor-co. O'Connor v Ford Motor Co. Case 1:19-cv-05045. Document Filed: July 20, 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023. Several have since been consolidated to a single case being heard in Illinois. The lawsuits allege safety issues due to harsh and erratic shifting, which causes jerking, lunging, clunking and hesitation between gears. At least one case also cites sudden loss of power due to transmission issues. It is also alleged that Ford is aware of these issues and has not sufficiently fixed them, and has told consumers the behavior of the transmission is normal.

''McCabe v. Ford Motor Company'' cites 38 different NHTSA complaints regarding the 10R 80 transmission. The complaints encompass the 2019–2022 Ford Ranger, 2018–2021 Ford Expedition, 2018–2022 Ford Mustang, 2018–2021 Lincoln Navigator, and 2021 Ford F-150.

Some of the lawsuits have been dismissed or partially dismissed. As of October 2023, at least one of these lawsuits is still ongoing.

References

External links

How The 2017 Ford F-150's New 10-Speed Transmission Affects Fuel Economy

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ford-GM 10-speed automatic transmission
Automatic transmission tradenames
GM 10
GM 10