Fermín Jáudenes y Álvarez (July 7, 1836 – February 11, 1915) was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator who served as

Governor-General of the Philippines The governor-general of the Philippines (; ; ) was the title of the Executive (government), government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, first by History of the Philippines (1521–1898), the Spanish in Mexico City and l ...

from July 24 to August 13, 1898, during the

Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...

and the second phase of the

Philippine Revolution The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), ...

Early life

Born on July 7, 1836, in a military officer's family in La Coruña. In May 1852, he entered the Infantry Academy and practiced in the Zaragoza Infantry Regiment. After graduation, he was stationed

Vitoria-Gasteiz Vitoria-Gasteiz (; ; also historically spelled Vittoria in English) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country and of the provinces of Spain, province of Álava in northern Spain. I ...

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, Valencia, Cartagena and Avila. In 1859, he went to Morocco to take part in the Hispano-Moroccan War. He repeatedly made several military exploits on the battlefield and was seriously injured which resulted in his promotion to Captain. Returning to Spain after the war in 1866, he suppressed an uprising in the San Gil barracks led by Juan Prim. From 1867, he served in the Northern Spanish Army, preventing the infiltration of Carlists during the

Third Carlist War The Third Carlist War (), which occurred from 1872 to 1876, was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier Second Carlist War, "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relative ...

. In 1872, he was promoted to Commander for his military exploits during the war. In 1874, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the Infantry due to his military exploits. In 1875, he commanded his own troops to participate in many battles in the Third Carlist War. In 1876, he was promoted to Colonel and commanded the 12th Infantry Regiment "Zaragoza". Thereafter, he was appointed head of the Burgos brigade and military governor of the Province of Logroño. Promoted to Brigadier General in 1889. In 1895, he served as the commander of the 1st Division of the 4th Army, the military governor of the province of Logroño, the commander of the 2nd Division of the 6th Army and the military commanders of Girona, Tarragona and Álava.

Spanish-American War

During his term, Spanish turned over the Philippine capital,

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

, to the

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in the "mock" Battle of Manila and in the process the Spanish surrendered to America, ending over 330 years of rule of Spanish colonial rule. Jáudenes was in Manila when the Spanish parliament, the

Cortes Cortes, Cortés, Cortês, Corts, or Cortès may refer to: People * Cortes (surname), including a list of people with the name ** Hernán Cortés (1485–1547), a Spanish conquistador Places * Cortes, Navarre, a village in the South border of ...

, learned of Governor-General Basilio Augustín's attempt to negotiate the surrender of the army to Filipinos under

Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who became the first List of presidents of the Philippines, president of the Philippines (1899–1901), and the first pre ...

. This caused Augustin's removal on July 24, 1898, and the appointment of Jáudenes. By Royal Decree of October 5, 1898, Jaúdenes was removed from all his positions and after his return to

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

, tried in the Supreme Council of War and Navy for his surrender of the Plaza de Manila. As a result, he was separated from service and was forced to retire.

References

External links

Term dates
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaudenes, Fermin 1836 births 1915 deaths Captains general of the Philippines People from A Coruña People from Logroño People of the Philippine Revolution Spanish military personnel of the Third Carlist War (Governmental faction) Spanish military personnel of the Spanish–American War Spanish military personnel of the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)