Fausto Veranzio (; ; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: ''Verancsics Faustus'';Andrew L. Simon
Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture
/ref>The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001
László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations 1551 – 20 January 1617) was a Croatian

polymath A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, ...

diplomat A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one ...

and

bishop A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of di ...

from

Šibenik Šibenik (), historically known as Sebenico (), is a historic town in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia, where the river Krka (Croatia), Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is one of the oldest Croatia, Croatian self-governing cities ...

, then part of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...

. He is a scientist recognised for his genius as both a Croatian and as a Croatian- Hungarian.

Life

Family history

Fausto was born in Sebenico (Šibenik),

Venetian Dalmatia Venetian Dalmatia () refers to the territories of Dalmatia under the rule of the Republic of Venice, mainly from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Dalmatia was first sold to Venice in 1409 but Venetian Dalmatia was not fully consolidated until 1420, ...

into the Croatian family of count Michele/Mihovil Vrančić (Veranzio) and Katarina Berislavić. His father was a Latin poet, while his uncle was Antun Vrančić,

archbishop of Esztergom In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdioc ...

(1504–1573), a

and a civil servant, who was in touch with

Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...

(1465–1536),

Philip Melanchthon Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, an intellectual leader of the L ...

(1497–1560), and Nikola IV Zrinski (1508–1566), who took care of Fausto's education and later travelled with him during some of Antun's travels through

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

and in the

. Faust had a brother Kazimir (1557-1637). While the family's main residence was in the city of Šibenik, they owned a big summer house on

island An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been ...

of Prvić, in place of Šepurine, a neighboring place to Prvić-Luka (where he is buried in the local church). The

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

castle that was used by the Vrančić family as summer residence is now in possession of the Draganić family. Later in his life, in 1578, Fausto was married to Marieta Zar with whom had a daughter Alba-Roza, and possibly a son, who died young.

Education and political activities

As a youth, under Antun's tutelage, Veranzio was interested in science. While still a child, he moved to

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

, where he attended school, and then to

Padua Padua ( ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 20 ...

to join the

University A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

, where he focused on

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the ar ...

physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

engineering Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, s ...

and

mechanics Mechanics () is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among Physical object, physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in Displacement (vector), displacements, which are changes of ...

. At the court of King Rudolf II, at the

Hradčany Hradčany (; ), is the district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic surrounding Prague Castle. The castle is one of the biggest in the world at about in length and an average of about wide. Its history stretches back to the 9th century. St ...

castle in

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

, Veranzio was the chancellor for Hungary and

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

, often in contact with

Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best know ...

and

Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, ; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations. He ...

. After his wife's death, Veranzio left for Hungary. In 1598, he received the title of bishop of Csanád (''Episcŏpus Csanadiensis'') '' in partibus'' (even though he never set foot in Csanád). In 1609, back in Venice, he joined the brotherhood of

Paul of Tarsus Paul, also named Saul of Tarsus, commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Apostles in the New Testament, Christian apostle ( AD) who spread the Ministry of Jesus, teachings of Jesus in the Christianity in the 1st century, first ...

(

barnabites The Barnabites (), officially named as the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (), are a religious order of clerics regular founded in 1530 in the Catholic Church. They are associated with the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul and the members of the Ba ...

) and committed himself to the study of science. Veranzio died in 1617 in Venice and was buried in

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; ; ) is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Through time it formed part of several historical states, most notably the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Croatia (925 ...

, near his family's country house on the island of Prvić.

Polymath and inventor

Veranzio's masterwork, ''Machinae Novae'' (Venice 1615 or 1616), contained 49 large pictures depicting 56 different

machine A machine is a physical system that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to natural biological macromol ...

s, other devices, and technical

concept A concept is an abstract idea that serves as a foundation for more concrete principles, thoughts, and beliefs. Concepts play an important role in all aspects of cognition. As such, concepts are studied within such disciplines as linguistics, ...

s. Two variants of this work exist, one with the ''"Declaratio"'' in Latin and Italian, the other with the addition of three other languages. Only a few copies survived and they often do not present a complete text in all the five languages. This book was written in Italian,

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

, French, and

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

.Original ''Machine Novae'', Fausto VERANZIO
- Malavasi Library, Milan - a complete and very detailed description of first and second editions of Veranzio's most famous work, "''Machine Nove''" The tables represent a varied set of the projects, designs, and conceptions of the author. There Veranzio wrote about water and solar energy, offering depictions of clocks, including a "universal clock" (Plates 6–7), many types of mills, agricultural machinery, various types of bridges in various materials, machinery for clearing the sea, a dual sedan chair borne by a mule (Plate 47), special coaches, and ''Homo Volans'' (Plate 38), a forerunner of the parachute. His ideas included a float resembling a modern

lifebuoy A lifebuoy or life ring, among many other names (see § Other names), is a life-saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in water to provide buoyancy and prevent drowning. Some modern lifebuoys are fitted with one or more seawater-activat ...

(Plate 39), boats with ingenious power mechanisms relying on water currents (Plates 40 and 41), and a rotary printer (Plate 46) intended to improve on the

printing press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a printing, print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in whi ...

. Despite the extraordinary rarity of this book (because the author published it at his own expense, without a publisher, and had to stop printing for want of funds), the ''Machinae Novae'' was the work which mainly contributed to Veranzio's popularity around the world. His design pictures were even reprinted a few years later and published in China.

Veranzio's parachute

One of the illustrations in ''Machinae Novae'' is a sketch of a

parachute A parachute is a device designed to slow an object's descent through an atmosphere by creating Drag (physics), drag or aerodynamic Lift (force), lift. It is primarily used to safely support people exiting aircraft at height, but also serves va ...

dubbed ''Homo Volans'' ("The Flying Man"). Having examined

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested o ...

's rough sketches of a parachute, Veranzio designed one of his own. Paolo Guidotti had already attempted to carry out the idea, ending by falling on a house roof and breaking his thigh bone (about 1590); but while

Francis Godwin Francis Godwin (1562–1633) was an English historian, science fiction author and priest, who was Bishop of Llandaff and of Hereford. Life He was the son of Thomas Godwin, Bishop of Bath and Wells, born at Hannington, Northamptonshire. He wa ...

was writing his flying romance ''The Man in the Moone'', Fausto Veranzio is widely believed to have performed an actual parachute-jumping experiment and, therefore, to be the first man to build and test a parachute. According to legend, Veranzio, in 1617, at over sixty-five years of age, implemented his parachute design and tested it by jumping from

St Mark's Campanile St Mark's Campanile (, ) is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy. The campanile is a reconstruction completed in 1912, the previous tower having collapsed in 1902. At in height, it is the tallest structure in Venice and is collo ...

in Venice. This event was documented some 30 years later in the book '' Mathematical Magick or, the Wonders that may be Performed by Mechanical Geometry'' (London, 1648), written by

John Wilkins John Wilkins (14 February 1614 – 19 November 1672) was an English Anglican ministry, Anglican clergyman, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher, and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society. He was Bishop of Chester from 1 ...

, the secretary of the

Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...

in London. But in his book, where Wilkins wrote about flying and the possibility of human flight,''Mathematical Magick'', second book, chapter VII methods of slowing down people's fall through the air were not his concern. His treatise does not even mention Veranzio by name, nor does it document any jump by parachute or any event at all in 1617. No evidence has ever been found of any test of Veranzio's parachute.

Mills and wind turbines

His areas of interest in engineering and mechanics were broad. Mills were one of his main point of research, where he created 18 different designs. He envisioned

windmill A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery. Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern period ...

s with both vertical and horizontal

axes Axes, plural of ''axe'' and of ''axis'', may refer to * ''Axes'' (album), a 2005 rock album by the British band Electrelane * a possibly still empty plot (graphics) See also * Axis (disambiguation) An axis (: axes) may refer to: Mathematics ...

, with different wing constructions to improve their efficiency. The idea of a mill powered by tides incorporated accumulation pools filled with water by the high tide and emptied when the tide ebbed, simply using

gravity In physics, gravity (), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, a mutual attraction between all massive particles. On Earth, gravity takes a slightly different meaning: the observed force b ...

; the concept has just recently been engineered and used. The first wind turbines were described by Fausto Veranzio. In his book Machinae Novae (1616) he described vertical axis wind turbines with curved or V-shaped blades.

Urbanist and engineer in Rome and Venice

By order of the

Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

, he spent two years in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

where he envisioned and made projects needed for regulating rivers, since Rome was often flooded by the

Tiber The Tiber ( ; ; ) is the List of rivers of Italy, third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the R ...

river. He also tackled the problem of the wells and water supply of Venice, which is surrounded by sea. Devices to register the time using water, fire, or other methods were envisioned and materialized. His own sun clock was effective in reading the time, date, and month, but functioned only in the middle of the day. The construction method of building metal bridges and the mechanics of the forces in the area of statics were also part of his research. He drew proposals which predated the actual construction of modern

suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (bridge), deck is hung below suspension wire rope, cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridg ...

s and

cable-stayed bridge A cable-stayed bridge has one or more ''towers'' (or ''pylons''), from which wire rope, cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or wikt:stay#Etymology 3, stays, which run directly from the tower to the deck, norm ...

s by over two centuries. The last area was described when further developed in a separate book by mathematician Simon de Bruges (

Simon Stevin Simon Stevin (; 1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a County_of_Flanders, Flemish mathematician, scientist and music theorist. He made various contributions in many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical. He a ...

) in 1586. Veranzio also designed the concept to modern

tied-arch bridge A tied-arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch(es) are borne as tension by a chord tying the arch ends rather than by the ground or the bridge foundations. This strengthened chord may be the deck ...

through arch bridge A through arch bridge, also known as a through-type arch bridge, is a bridge that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete, in which the base of an arch structure is below the deck but the top rises above it. It can either be lo ...

truss bridge A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements, typically straight, may be stressed from tension, compression, or ...

s and aerial lifts. File:Pons ferrevs by Faust Vrančić.jpg, Drawing of suspension

by Fausto Veranzio in his ''Machinae Novae'' File:Suspension bridge fausto veranzio.jpg, Drawing of a suspension bridge by Fausto Veranzio (''Machinae Novae'') File:Through arch bridge and tied arch bridge.jpg, Early design of a tied-arch/through arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Faust vrancic arch bridge wood.jpg, Truss arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Early design of truss bridge.jpg, Primitive design of an early truss bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Aerial lift design by Fausto Veranzio.gif, Design for an aerial lift by Fausto Veranzio (''Machinae Novae'')

Lexicography

Veranzio was the author of a five-language

dictionary A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged Alphabetical order, alphabetically (or by Semitic root, consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical-and-stroke sorting, radical an ...

, ''Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum, Latinæ, Italicæ, Germanicæ, Dalmatiæ, & Vngaricæ'', published in Venice in 1595, with 5,000 entries for each language:

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

, the Dalmatian vernacular (in particular, the

chakavian dialect Chakavian or Čakavian (, , , proper name: or own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian L ...

of Croatian) and Hungarian. These he called the "five noblest European languages" ("''quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum''").When Petrus Lodereckerus published in 1606 his
Dictionarivm septem diversarvm lingvarvm
videlicet Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemicè, Polonicè, Germanicè, & Vngaricè, vna cum cuiuslibet linguæ registro siue repertorio vernaculo, Singulari studio & industria collectum a Petro Lodereckeroin'' (

), he included two more languages than Veranzio's ''pentadictionary'':

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...

and Polish, with the addition of indices in Latin for each language. The ''Dictionarium'' is a very early and significant example of both Croatian and Hungarian lexicography, and contains, in addition to the parallel list of vocabulary, other documentation of these two languages. In particular, Veranzio listed in the ''Dictionarium'' 304 Hungarian words that he deemed to be borrowed from Croatian. Also, at the end of the book, Veranzio included Croatian language versions of the

Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (), or the Decalogue (from Latin , from Ancient Greek , ), are religious and ethical directives, structured as a covenant document, that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were given by YHWH to Moses. The text of the Ten ...

, the

Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer, also known by its incipit Our Father (, ), is a central Christian prayer attributed to Jesus. It contains petitions to God focused on God’s holiness, will, and kingdom, as well as human needs, with variations across manusc ...

, the

Ave Maria The Hail Mary or Ave Maria (from its first words in Latin), also known as the Angelic or Angelical Salutation, is a traditional Catholic prayer addressing Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary, the mother of Jesus. The prayer is based on two biblical pa ...

and the

Apostles' Creed The Apostles' Creed (Latin: ''Symbolum Apostolorum'' or ''Symbolum Apostolicum''), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith". "Its title is first found c.390 (Ep. 42.5 of Ambro ...

. In an extension of the dictionary called ''Vocabula dalmatica quae Ungri sibi usurparunt'', there is a list of Proto-Croatian words that entered the

Hungarian language Hungarian, or Magyar (, ), is an Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Out ...

. The book greatly influenced the formation of both the Croatian and Hungarian

orthography An orthography is a set of convention (norm), conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, punctuation, Word#Word boundaries, word boundaries, capitalization, hyphenation, and Emphasis (typography), emphasis. Most national ...

; the Hungarian language accepted his suggestions, for example, the usage of ''ly'', '' ny'', ''sz'', and ''cz''. It was also the first dictionary of the Hungarian language, printed four times, in Venice,

(1606),

Pozsony Bratislava (German: ''Pressburg'', Hungarian: ''Pozsony'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the Slovakia, Slovak Republic and the fourth largest of all List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. ...

(1834), and in

Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...

(1971). The work was an important source of inspiration for other European dictionaries such as a Hungarian and Italian dictionary written by Bernardino Baldi, a German ''Thesaurus polyglottus'' by

humanist Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humanism" ha ...

and

lexicographer Lexicography is the study of lexicons and the art of compiling dictionaries. It is divided into two separate academic disciplines: * Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionary, dictionaries. * The ...

Hieronymus Megiser, and multilingual ''Dictionarium septem diversarum linguarum'' by Peterus Lodereckerus of Prague in 1605.

History and philosophy

Only a few of Veranzio's works related to history remain: ''Regulae cancellariae regni Hungariae'' and ''De Slavinis seu Sarmatis in Dalmatia'' exist in manuscript form, while ''Scriptores rerum hungaricum'' was published in 1798. In ''Logica nova'' ("New logic") and ''Ethica christiana'' ("Christian ethics"), which were published in a single Venetian edition in 1616, Veranzio dealt with the problems of

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

regarding the ideological clash between the

Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...

movement and

Catholicism The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Tommaso Campanella Tommaso Campanella (; 5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet. Campanella was prosecuted by the Roman Inquisition for he ...

(1568–1639) and the Archbishop of Split Marco Antonio de Dominis (1560–1624) were his intellectual counterparts.

Legacy

When

Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( ; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. From 1929 to 1947, Witt ...

(1889–1951), Austrian-British philosopher and mathematician, moving from Berlin to England, began studying

mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines and mechanism (engineering), mechanisms that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and engineering mathematics, mathematics principl ...

in 1908, he was highly influenced by his reading of Renaissance technical treatises, particularly Veranzio's ''Machinae Novae''. The 17th century ''Brooklyn Tidal Mill'' in

Long Island Long Island is a densely populated continental island in southeastern New York (state), New York state, extending into the Atlantic Ocean. It constitutes a significant share of the New York metropolitan area in both population and land are ...

(NY), one of the most popular and few still standing mills in the New York City area, was built after the plan of Fausto Veranzio.ISES Congress 2007
''Nothing New Under the Sun or Every Little Bit Helps Tidal Power: Status & Perspectives'' R.H. Charlier, M.C.P. Chaineux, C.W. Finkl, A.C Thys, Vol. I–V, Springer In 1965, ''"Faust Vrančić" Astronomy Society'' was founded in Šibenik. In 1969, the medallion with his figure, work by Kosta Angeli Radovani, was embedded in the rector's chain of the

University of Zagreb The University of Zagreb (, ) is a public university, public research university in Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest Croatian university and one of the oldest continuously operating universities in Europe. The University of Zagreb and the Unive ...

. In 1992, the

Croatian Parliament The Croatian Parliament () or the Sabor is the Unicameralism, unicameral legislature of Croatia. Under the terms of the Constitution of Croatia, Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the nation, people and is vested with legislative power. ...

established the ''"Faust Vrančić" National Award for Technical Culture'' which is awarded to individuals, associations and other legal persons for outstanding achievements in technical culture. In 1993, his bust was erected at the Nikola Tesla Technical Museum's ''Sculpture Garden of the Croatian Geniuses of Science and Technology''. In 2012,
Faust Vrančić Memorial Centre
'' was opened on the island of Prvić where visitors can learn more about Veranzio's life and see his most famous inventions.

Croatian Navy The Croatian Navy (HRM; ) is the naval force branch of the Croatian Armed Forces. It was formed in 1991 from what Croatian forces managed to capture from the Yugoslav Navy during the breakup of Yugoslavia and Croatian War of Independence. In ad ...

's rescue ship BS-73, as well as many schools and streets in Croatia, were named after him. Cultural event ''Days of Faust Vrančić'' is held annually in Šibenik.

Works

* * Logica Nova. Venetiis, 1616 * Dictionarium Quinque Nobilissimarum Europae linguarum, Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Vngaricae. Venetiis, 1595 * Vita Antonii Verantii

Notes

References

Great machines
Volume 69, Franz Engler, illustrated CIPIA, 1997 (University of Michigan) p. 4-14
"Bridges and men"
Joseph Gies, Doubleday, University of Michigan, 2009
Aspects of Materials Handling
Dr. K.C. Arora, Vikas V. Shinde - Firewall Media, 2007,
Instruments in art and science: on the architectonics of cultural boundaries
Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, Jan Lazardzig - Literary Criticism, 2008
Sugar and society in China: peasants, technology, and the world market
S. Mazumdar - Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge Mass. 1998, ,
Engineering in history
Richard Shelton Kirby, Technology & Engineering, 1990
Means and Methods Analysis of a Cast-In-Place Balanced Cantilever Segmental Bridge: Veranzio’s Machinae Novae
Gunnar Lucko - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000
American building art: the nineteenth century
Carl W. Condit, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - page 163:
The birth of modern science
The making of Europe, P. Rossi, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001
Water architecture in the lands of Syria: the water-wheelsThe Italian Achievement: An A-Z Over 1000 'Firsts' Achieved by Italians in Almost Every Aspect of Life Over the Last 1000 Years
A. Baron Renaissance, 2008 University of California
History of Technology
History of Technology, Graham Hollister-Short. A brief history of the technology through the centuries. The author is ''Honorary Lecteur'' of the Imperial College of London
Charles Joseph Singer, ''A History of Technology''

Charles Singer Charles Joseph Singer (2 November 1876 – 10 June 1960) was a British historian of science, technology, and medicine. He served as medical officer in the British Army. Biography Early years Singer was born in Camberwell in London, where hi ...

(British historian of science and medicine)
''Dizionario bibliografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia''
Šime Ljubić
Archibald Montgomery Low, ''Parachutes in peace and war''

Archibald Low Archibald Montgomery Low (17 October 1888 – 13 September 1956) developed the first powered drone aircraft. He was an English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, and author of more than 40 books. Low has been called the "f ...

(English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, called "the father of the radio guidance systems"), 1942
''Medieval religion and technology: collection of essays''
(1978), Lynn Townsend, professor of medieval history at Princeton, Stanford and UCLA.
''Anthropological series''
(vol. 18), Field Museum of Natural History, Field Columbian Museum.
''Technology and culture''
Society for the History of Technology, vol. 9, 1968
Design paradigms: case histories of error and judgment in engineering
Henry Petroski CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1994
Technological concepts and mathematical models in the evolution of modern engineering systems: controlling, managing, organizing
Mario Lucertini, Ana Millán Gasc, F. Nicolò, Birkhäuser, 2004, *
Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie:
depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu'à la fin du dix-septième siècle'' Ghent University, 1848
Musei per la scienza - Science museums
L.B.Peressut, Pub. Lybra imagine, (illustrated) 1998,

External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Veranzio, Fausto Croatian scientists Croatian inventors Croatian engineers Croatian philosophers Croatian Latinists People from Šibenik 1551 births 1617 deaths Italian lexicographers Republic of Venice scientists Croatian lexicographers Venetian Renaissance humanists Croatian Renaissance humanists 16th-century Venetian writers 16th-century male writers 16th-century Croatian people Linguists from Croatia Sustainable transport pioneers University of Padua alumni Catholic clergy scientists 16th-century writers in Latin 17th-century writers in Latin History of Šibenik Bishops of Csanád