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FAUR S.A. is an industrial engineering and manufacturing company based in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...
,
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
.


History

FAUR was founded by
Nicolae Malaxa Nicolae Malaxa ( – 1965) was a Romanian engineer and industrialist. Biography Born in a family of Greeks, Greek origin in Huși, Malaxa studied engineering in Iași (at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, University of Iași) and Karlsruhe ...
in 1921 under the name MALAXA. Main activities were the repairing of rolling stock, manufacturing
steam locomotives A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
,
diesel locomotives A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover (locomotive), power source is a diesel engine. Several types of diesel locomotives have been developed, differing mainly in the means by which mechanical power is con ...
, car-engines and passenger coaches, diesel engines, brake equipment, and special alloy steels. By the end of the 1930s, the Malaxa factories were one of the biggest industrial group in Southeastern Europe, and the main provider of equipment for the Romanian Railways during the period.
Nationalised Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization contrasts with ...
in 1948, part of the company became known as 23 August Works, referring to the
1944 Romanian coup d'état Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
. During
Communist Romania The Socialist Republic of Romania (, RSR) was a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist One-party state, one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was ...
it extended its range of manufacturing by approaching pilot projects to the most Romanian industries but also to other countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. From 1976 to 1985, 200
DR Class 119 The DR Class 119 was an East German Deutsche Reichsbahn diesel locomotive that was built in Romania, more or less as Design by committee of several communist countries. When the Deutsche Bahn AG formed up in 1993 it was redesignated as DB Class ...
engines were built for
Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) The Deutsche Reichsbahn (, ) or DR was the operating name of state owned railways in East Germany, and after German reunification until 1 January 1994. In 1949, occupied Germany's railways were returned to German control after four years of ...
, as a result of the 1970s
Comecon The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, often abbreviated as Comecon ( ) or CMEA, was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc#List of states, Easter ...
(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) agreements. The
East German East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...
economy was not allowed anymore to build diesel locomotives with more than 1,500 horsepower, and the locomotive builders of the Soviet Union could only supply engines that were too heavy for some lines in East Germany, limited to an axle load (Achsfahrmasse) of under 16 t. Yet, a power output of over 2,000 horsepower was needed. Literally
Design by committee Design by committee is a pejorative term for a project that has many designers involved but no unifying plan or vision. Usage of the term The term is used to refer to suboptimal traits that such a process may produce as a result of having to comp ...
, the 119 was built in Romania according to a "construction kit" (''Baukasten'') principle. East German diesel engines should have been used, but due to coordination problems in East Germany's national planning commission, the Bucharest factory installed engines under licence from the
West German West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic after its capital c ...
manufacturer, MTU. Other countries in Comecon also received subcontractor orders. East Germany itself supplied ''inter alia'' hydrodynamic transmissions and axle motors. The locomotive drive was, however, plagued by shortcomings and problems from the start. In its early days, 50% of the locomotives were in the workshops at any one time. As a result, only 200 engines were built, not 250 or more as intended. In 1990, the company was renamed FAUR and privatized. Since 2004, FAUR is part of
Bega Group The Bega Group is an Australian diversified food and drinks company with manufacturing sites in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria. Founded as an agricultural cooperative in the town of Bega, New South Wales by their ...
.


Steam locomotives

Since 1920, the design and the construction of different types of
railway engine A locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains ...
s began at the Domains Factories (nowadays UMC Reșița) in
Reșița Reșița (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (''Kölnök''), Cuptoare (''Kupt ...
and Malaxa Factories in Bucharest. Due to the success of the construction of the railway engines in Reșița and Bucharest factories, Romania ceased importing railway locomotives starting with 1930. Between 1926 and 1960, a total number of 1,207
steam locomotives A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
were built in Romania: 10 models for standard tracks and 3 models for the
narrow gauge railway A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with Minimum railw ...
s. From these, 797 steam locomotives were made in Reșița Factories and 410 at Malaxa Factories. In 1960 the production of steam locomotives was ceased, the Romanian industry focusing on fabrication of the diesel railway engines.


Diesel-electric and diesel-hydraulic locomotives

*
List of FAUR locomotives The following is a list of diesel locomotives produced by FAUR, Romania, that include Diesel locomotive#Diesel–electric, diesel–electric, Diesel-hydraulic locomotive, diesel hydraulic, and Diesel locomotive#Diesel–mechanical, diesel–mechani ...


See also

* Malaxa car *
Căile Ferate Române Căile Ferate Române (; abbreviated as the CFR) was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. CFR as an entity existed from 1880, even though the first ra ...
, Romanian Railways * Mareșal tank destroyer *
Renault UE Chenillette The Renault UE Chenillette is a light tracked armoured carrier and prime mover produced by France between 1932 and 1940. In 1930 the Commission de Vincennes decided to develop a light armoured vehicle able to tow and supply small cannon and mo ...


References


External links

* (in English) * Locomotive manufacturers of Romania Companies based in Bucharest Manufacturing companies established in 1921 Romanian brands Rolling stock manufacturers of Romania Privatized companies in Romania Companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange Greater Romania 1921 establishments in Romania {{Romania-stub