HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Emiliano Zapata is a city in the west-central part of the
Mexican state A Mexican State (), officially the Free and Sovereign State (), is a constituent federative entity of Mexico according to the Constitution of Mexico. Currently there are 31 states, each with its own constitution, government, state governor, a ...
of
Morelos Morelos, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos, is a landlocked state located in south-central Mexico. It is one of the 32 states which comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Mun ...
. It stands at . The city serves as the county seat (''sede municipal'') for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality is the sixth largest in the state of Morelos, with a 2020 census population of 107,053 inhabitants,Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2020
/ref> and has it an area of 64.983 km2 (25.09 sq mi). The city of Emiliano Zapata had 64,084 inhabitants in 2020. The city was previously known as both San Francisco Zacualpan and San Vicente Zacualpan. It was renamed in honor of
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It saw the destruction of the Federal Army, its ...
ary
Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; 8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the insp ...
. Subsidiary county seats (''ayudantias'') are: ''Tres de Mayo'', (population 20,950); known principally for its ceramic, ''Tezoyuca'' (population 5,501); where a cement factory and a water park are located, ''Tetecalita'' (population 3,963), ''Tepetzingo'' (population 2,292) and ''Tetecalita'' (population 3,963).


History


Prehispanic History

Oral tradition states that the founders of ''Tzacualpan'' were originally from
Tepoztlán Tepoztlán () is a town in the central Mexican state of Morelos. It is located at in the heart of the Tepoztlán Valley. The town serves as the seat of government for the municipality of the same name. The town had a population of 14,130 inhabit ...
, Tejalpa, and Xitepeptl (both in modern
Jiutepec Jiutepec is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos. The name ''Jiutepec'' comes from the Nahuatl name ''Xiutepetl'', which means "the precious stones hill". The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrou ...
). It is said that an ambitious peasant fell in love with a royal princess, much to the rage of her father. The young man was forced to pay high tributes and he was forced to move elsewhere, finally settling on a plain between a bald hill and a hill of the gods. With time this area became a part of a powerful lord who fought against the Lord of
Cuauhnahuac Cuernavaca (; , "near the woods" , Otomi: ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. Along with Chalcatzingo, it is likely one of the origins of the Mesoamerican civilization. Olmec works of art, currently displayed ...
in 1389.


Colonial Period

After the conquest in 1521,
Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (December 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions o ...
was named Marqués de Oaxaca; his lands included present-day Morelos. In 1534 the territory of Morelos fell under the jurisdiction of the Province of Mexico City. The territory that today makes up the modern municipality of ''Emiliano Zapata'' was known as Tzacualpan, and the Spanish added the name
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
. Since it was near the Franciscan monastery of
Santiago Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile (), is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Regi ...
de Xiutepec, this area came to be called ''San Francisco Tzacualpan''. Don Pedro Cortés, 4th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca, founded the
hacienda A ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or '' finca''), similar to a Roman '' latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards ...
of San Vicente Tzacualpan at that time. In 1618 Diego de Alarcón was granted of land, where he established a rich sugar cane
hacienda A ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or '' finca''), similar to a Roman '' latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards ...
. This became the center of the town.


19th Century

Mexico became independent in 1821, and the present state of Morelos became part of the State of Mexico. In 1840, the town was renamed San Vicente Zacualpan in honor of the hacienda owner, Governor Vicente de Eguia. In 1856, the hacienda of San Vicente changed hands; owned by Don Pío Bermejillo and administered by his brother, Nicolás. Not far, near the Hill of Sayula, was the Hacienda of Dolores, which was dependent upon San Vicente. The cattle of Trinidad Carrillo, who rented land from Hacienda Dolores, damaged some of the sugar cane of Hacienda Dolores. Nicolás Bermejillo kicked Carrillo off the land, and the latter vowed revenge. Enlisting the aid of Nicolás Leite and Matías Navarrete, on December 18, 1856, they attacked San Vicente and killed four high-ranking men; Bermejillo was not present. In September 1858, the killers were tried for assault, robbery, and murder at the haciendas of Chiconcuac and San Vicente. Morelos became a state in 1869.


20th century

Local residents who fought in the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It saw the destruction of the Federal Army, its ...
(1910-1921) included General Modesto Rangel and the soldiers Ricardo Catalán, Venancio Jiménez, Francisco Mariaca, Natividad Vázquez, Santos Delgado, Teodulo Olivan, Feliciano Flores, Refugio Angelino, Javier Montes De Oca, Martín Batalla, and Aureliano Trujillo. In 1930 the government decreed that no community could use a saint's name, so San Vicente Zacualpan became ''Emiliano Zapata'' in honor of the Revolutionary hero. President
Álvaro Obregón Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 19 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) was a Mexican general, inventor and politician who served as the 46th President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. Obregón was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but was assassinated b ...
made a historic visit in 1922. Post-revolutionary land partitioning ended in 1927. Governor
Vicente Estrada Cajigal The governor of Morelos was created with the state of Mexico in 1869. (Morelos was a Federal Territory from June 17, 1914, to February 5, 1917.) See also * List of Mexican state governors *List of people from Morelos, Mexico * List of govern ...
established the municipalities
Atlatlahucan Atlatlahucan (from the Nahuatl word ) is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. The name means ''Place of red or brown water'', and today the water is stored in a type of cistern called a ''jagüey''. To the north is the State of Mexico, south is ...
and Emiliano Zapata on December 15, 1932; the town of Zapata designated the capital of the latter. The villages of Tezoyuca, Tepetzingo, and Tetecalita were part of the municipality. Drinking water was provided to the community in 1935. The former hacienda of San Vicente was turned over to the people in 1942. The Rice Cooperative was established in 1944, and the San Vicente Agricultural Association was established in 1963.


21st century

There were two major earthquakes in 2017. The Chiapas earthquake on September 7 did not cause any damage in Morelos, but the
2017 Puebla earthquake The 2017 Puebla earthquake, also known as 19S, struck at 13:14  CDT (18:14 UTC) on 19 September 2017 with an estimated magnitude of 7.1 and strong shaking for about 20 seconds. Its epicenter was about south of the city of Puebla, Mexico. ...
centered in
Axochiapan Axochiapan is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at , at a mean height of above sea level. It is surrounded by the State of Puebla to the east and south, Jonacatepec to the north, and Tepalcingo to the west. The city serves as th ...
twelve days later killed over 300 people and caused physical damage to 20,000 buildings. In Zapata, 142 homes were destroyed and 248 were damaged. Ana Olivia Albarran Salazar of
PVEM The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (, , PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez. It has seldom gotten more than 10% of ...
(Green Party) was elected Presidente Municipal (mayor) in the July 1, 2018 election.2018 election in Morelos
Retrieved Dec 14, 2018
The state of Morelos reported 209 cases and 28 deaths due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to hav ...
, as of April 27, 2020; eight cases were reported in Emiliano Zapata. Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1. On June 2, Zapata reported 42 confirmed cases and five deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13. Emiliano Zapata reported 170 cases, 136 recuperations, and 28 deaths as of August 31. Three hundred fourteen cases were reported on December 27. Six men were killed and one woman was wounded in a shooting by unknown assailants in Colonia 3 de Mayo on June 6, 2020. Police officer Rodolfo Martínez Sánchez was assassinated in broad daylight in Colonia Tres de Mayo on December 27, 2020, in apparent revenge for a traffic ticket.


Famous people

The following is a list of famous people from Emiliano Zapata: *Modesto Rangel, general (1916) *Gilberto García, Secretary of
ejido An ''ejido'' (, from Latin ''exitum'') is an area of communal land used for agriculture in which community members have usufruct rights, which in Mexico is not held by the Mexican state. People awarded ejidos in the modern era farm them indiv ...
, municipal president, local
deputy Deputy or depute may refer to: * Steward (office) * Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy" * Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including: ** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spain, ...
*Gontran Rodríguez, commissioner of ejido of Tezoyuca, political posts in
Zacatepec Zacatepec Fútbol Club is a Mexican professional football club based in Zacatepec, Morelos, that competes in Liga Premier, the third level division of Mexican football. Founded in 1948 as Club Social y Deportivo Zacatepec by workers of the Me ...
and Cuernavaca *Diego Álvarez, commissioner of ejido Tezoyuca, President of the Board of the sugar refinery in Zacatepec *J. Jesús Vega Basurto, commissioner of ejido of Zapata, President of the Board of the sugar refinery *Feliciano Catalán A, commissioner of ejido, municipal president, president of the board of rice growers in the state *Vicente Peralta G, commissioner of Tezoyuca, board of directors of the sugar refinery, thrice local deputy *Teresa Peralta R., doctor, director of IMSS Zapata *Antonio Aguilar C., commissioner of ejido, municipal president ;Municipal presidents, 1933–present *Apolinar Beltrán Díaz (Board), 1933 *Zeferino Guerrero Barón, 1933-1934 *Domingo Valtierra Acevedo, 1935-1936 *Norberto Anzurez Blancas, 1937-1938 *Santos Delgado Catalán, 1939-1940 *Honorato Vargas Caspeta, 1941-1942 *Refugio Figueroa Tapia, May–December 1942 *J. Santos Delgado Catalán, 1941-1942 *Gilberto Gracia Pacheco, 1943 *Domingo Valtierra Quevedo, 1944 *Isidoro Martínez Aguilar, 1945 *Vicente Aguilar Acevedo (Interim), 1946 *Perfecto Delgado Buenos Aires, 1947-1948 *Feliciano Flores Rodríguez, 1949-1950 *Trinidad Talavera Plascencia, 1951-1952 *Martín Batalla Caspeta, 1953-1954 *Antonio Aguilar Carnalla, 1955-1957 *Feliciano Catalán Avelar, 1958-1959 *Silvano García Quezada, 1959-1960 *Vicente Aguilar Acevedo, 1961-1962 *Timoteo Jiménez Leana, 1962-1963 *Juan Álvarez Domínguez, 1964-1966 *Daniel Delgado Beltrán, 1967-1970 *Juan Alvarez Domínguez, 1970-1973 *Moisés Ocampo Uribe (Board), 1973-1976 *Humberto Esquivel Castañeda, 1976-1979 *Jacinto Alonso Piedra, 1979-1982 *Juan Esquivel Castañeda, 1982-1985 *Julio Jarrillo Cabello, 1985-1988 *M.V.S Lauro Muñoz Esquivel, 1988-1991 *Bernardo Oliveros Hernández, 1991-1994 *Rogelio Mariaca Bustos, 1994-1997 ( PRI) *Arq. Rodolfo Esquivel Landa, 1997-2000 ( PAN) *Francisco Alva Meraz, 2000-2003 (PAN) *Martín Caballero Enriquez, 2003-2006 (PAN) *José Fernando Aguilar Palma, 2006-2009 ( PRD) *Alberto Figueroa Valladares, 2009–2012, (PRD) *Carlos Martíneaz Varela, 2013-2015 (PRD- PT-
Convergence Convergence may refer to: Arts and media Literature *''Convergence'' (book series), edited by Ruth Nanda Anshen *Convergence (comics), "Convergence" (comics), two separate story lines published by DC Comics: **A four-part crossover storyline that ...
) *José Fernando Aguilar Palma, 2016-2018 *Ana Olivia Albarran Salazar, 2019–present (
PVEM The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (, , PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez. It has seldom gotten more than 10% of ...
)


Geography


Location, area, and land use

Emiliano Zapata is one of 36 municipalities the state of
Morelos Morelos, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos, is a landlocked state located in south-central Mexico. It is one of the 32 states which comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Mun ...
, located in the center of the state at Emiliano Zapata borders the municipalities of
Temixco Temixco is the fourth-largest city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It is in the west-northwest part of the state, from Cuernavaca and from Mexico City.García, Jerry. '' Looking Like the Enemy: Japanese Mexicans, the Mexican State, and US Hege ...
and
Jiutepec Jiutepec is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos. The name ''Jiutepec'' comes from the Nahuatl name ''Xiutepetl'', which means "the precious stones hill". The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrou ...
to the north; Jiutepec, Yautepec, and Tlaltizapán to the east; Tlaltizapán and
Xochitepec Xochitepec is a ''municipio (Mexico), municipio'' (Municipalities of Mexico, municipality) of the Mexican state, state of Morelos, in central Mexico. Xochitepec is also the name of its principal township and seat of the municipal government. It is ...
to the south; Xochitepec and Temixco to the west. It has an area of 68.37 km2, 1.4% of the total territory of Morelos. 3,362 hectares are used for agriculture, 1,196 hectares for livestock, 930 hectares for forests and 16 hectares for industrial use. 3,168 hectares are
ejido An ''ejido'' (, from Latin ''exitum'') is an area of communal land used for agriculture in which community members have usufruct rights, which in Mexico is not held by the Mexican state. People awarded ejidos in the modern era farm them indiv ...
property, 508 hectares are communal property, and 466 private hectares are privately owned.


Climate

Emiliano Zapata has a tropical climate, Aw according to the
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...
. Summers have much more rain than winters. The temperature averages 23.2 °C (°F) and rainfall averages 917 mm per year. May is the hottest month and January is the coldest.


Relief and waterways

The municipality is located between two hills: ''Montenegro'' on the east and ''Texcal'' on the west. The highest elevation is ''Cueva del Aire'' hill with an altitude of 1,650 meters (5,413 ft.) above sea level. ''Sierra Madre del Sur'' has an altitude of 1,240 meters. ''Las Fuentes River'' and a branch of the ''Apatlaco River'' flow from north to south. The ''Agua Salada River'' and the
Yautepec River The Yautepec River is a river of Mexico. See also *List of rivers of Mexico This is a list of rivers of Mexico, listed from north to south. There are 246 rivers on this list. Alternate names for rivers are given in parentheses. Rivers flowing in ...
also cross the municipality. Other streams are ''Palo Blanco'', ''La Rosa'' and ''Roque''. There are five large wells.


Flora and fauna

Vegetation is mostly low deciduous forest of warm climate; higuerilla, black amate (acacia), guaje, jarilla, cactus, and carriage.
Jacaranda ''Jacaranda'' is a genus of 49 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas while cultivated around the world. The generic name is also used as the common name. The species ' ...
, tabachin, casahuate, ceiba, and
bougainvillea ''Bougainvillea'' ( , ) is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging to the family, Nyctaginaceae. They are native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Argentina. There are between 4 and 22 species in the genus. The i ...
are common. Mammals include skunk, rabbit, hare, cacomixtle, opossum, bat, badger,
armadillo Armadillos () are New World placental mammals in the order (biology), order Cingulata. They form part of the superorder Xenarthra, along with the anteaters and sloths. 21 extant species of armadillo have been described, some of which are dis ...
, and coyote. These last three in danger of extinction. Birds include flag bird, chachalaca, magpie, buzzard, crow, and owl.


Natural resources

Limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...
serves as raw material for lime and cement factories.


Economy

Emiliano Zapata is largely agricultural with 1,282 hectares of irrigated land and 120 hectares of
rainfed agriculture Rainfed agriculture is a type of farming that relies on rainfall for water. It provides much of the food consumed by poor communities in developing countries. E.g., rainfed agriculture accounts for more than 95% of farmed land in sub-Saharan Afric ...
. The most important crops are sugarcane, rice, corn, beans, peanuts, squash, alfalfa, floriculture, and greenhouses. Another sector that contributes to the economy is livestock through the production of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. The industrial sector developed in recent years, making a large part of the municipal territory is considered an important area for trade and services. Given this, it must be said that the construction industry has shown outstanding growth in Emiliano Zapata, which is due to the development of subdivisions and condominiums of medium and residential type. There are more than 400 wineries and commercial premises of all kinds that offer services, such as grocery stores, furniture stores, pharmacies, clothing, hardware stores, materials for construction, stationery, food, restaurants, hotels, and more. The tourism sector is small, but ceramics and handicrafts are sold.


References


External links


Ayuntamiento de Emiliano Zapata
Official website
Gobierno del Estado de Morelos
Official website of State of Morelos
Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005
INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
Morelos
Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México {{Morelos Populated places in Morelos Municipalities of Morelos