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A compound internal combustion engine is a type of
The engines in these vehicles ranged from 2 cylinders (1908 model) to 6 cylinders (1907 model).
In 2000 the design was "re-patented" as the
internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal comb ...
(ICE) where gasses of combustion are expanded in two or more stages. A typical arrangement for a compound ICE is that the fuel/air is first combusted and expanded in one of two alternating 4-stroke combustion high-pressure (HP) cylinders, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into a larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinder, where it is re-expanded extracting more work from it.
The crankshaft is arranged so the two high-pressure cylinders have synchronized reciprocating motion, while the low-pressure cylinder throw is positioned at a 180-degree phase difference from the high-pressure throws causing opposing reciprocating motion between the high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders.
History
Compound ICEs have been around for nearly as long as standard ICEs with the first patent being issued toNicolaus Otto
Nicolaus August Otto (10 June 1832 – 26 January 1891) was a German engineer who successfully developed the compressed charge internal combustion engine which ran on petroleum gas and led to the modern internal combustion engine. The Associa ...
's Deutz company in 1879. This design was likely created by then Deutz employee Gottlieb Daimler
Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fue ...
.
Other designs for compound ICEs were patented by well known engine designers Rudolf Diesel
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (, ; 18 March 1858 – 29 September 1913) was a German inventor and mechanical engineer who invented the Diesel engine, which burns Diesel fuel; both are named after him.
Early life and education
Diesel was born on 1 ...
in 1892 and James Atkinson in 1903.
The Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company
Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company was a manufacturer of Brass Age automobiles who were originally based in New York City. In 1902 the company purchased the Keating Wheel and Automobile Company and established manufacturing operations in Midd ...
produced a series of automobiles with compound ICEs from 1900 to 1908.
The engines in these vehicles ranged from 2 cylinders (1908 model) to 6 cylinders (1907 model).
In 2000 the design was "re-patented" as the five-stroke engine
The five-stroke engine is a compound internal combustion engine patented by Gerhard Schmitz in 2000.
Concept
The goal of the five-stroke engine is to achieve higher efficiency than a four-stroke engine. In order to increase efficiency, a secon ...
by Gerhard Schmitz. This design was prototyped by British engineering company Ilmor
Ilmor is a British independent high-performance auto racing, motor racing engineering company. It was founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan (engineer), Paul Morgan in November 1983. With manufacturing based in Brixworth, Northamptonshire, and ...
.
Compound ICE patents
* Deutz 1879 * Forest-Gallice 1888 * Connelly 1888 * Diesel 1892 * Bales 1897 * Atkinson 1903 * Babled 1903 * Butler 1904 * Eisenhuth (multiple) 1904–1907 * Abbot 1910 * Schmitz 2000See also
*Atkinson cycle
The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson (inventor), James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide Energy conversion efficiency, efficiency at the expense of power density.
...
* Four-stroke engine
A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either directi ...
* Free piston engine
* History of the internal combustion engine
Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, var ...
* Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat ...
* Turbo-compound engine
A turbo-compound engine is a reciprocating engine that employs a turbine to recover energy from the exhaust gases. Instead of using that energy to drive a turbocharger as found in many high-power aircraft engines, the energy is instead sent to ...
References
{{reflist Internal combustion engine