Comilla

Comilla (; bn, কুমিল্লা, Kumillā, ), officially spelled Cumilla, is the fifth largest city of Bangladesh and second largest in Chittagong division. It is the administrative centre of the Comilla District. The name Comilla was derived from ''Komolangko'' (কমলাঙ্ক), meaning the pond of lotus.

History

Ancient era

The Comilla region was once under ancient Samatata and was joined with Tripura
State.
This district came under the reign of the kings of the Harikela in the ninth century AD. Lalmai Mainamati was ruled by the Deva dynasty (eighth century AD), and (during the 10th and mid-11th century AD). In 1732, it became the centre of the Bengal-backed domain of Jagat Manikya.

The Peasants' Movement against the king of Tripura in 1764, which originally formed under the leadership of Shamsher Gazi is a notable historical event in Comilla. It came under the rule of East India Company in 1765. This district was established as the Tripura district in 1790. It was renamed Comilla in 1960. Chandpur and Brahmanbaria subdivisions of this district were transformed into districts in 1984.

British era

Communal tension spread over Comilla when a Muslim was shot in the town during the partition of Bengal in 1905. On 21 November 1921, Kazi Nazrul Islam composed patriotic songs and tried to awaken the townspeople by protesting the Prince of Wales's visit to India. During this time, Avay Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played a significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, approximately 4000 peasants in Mohini village in Chauddagram Upazila revolted against a land revenue tax. The British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately on the crowd, killing four people. In a major peasant gathering, the police fired at Hasnabad of Laksam Upazila in 1932. Two people were killed and many were wounded. Comilla Victoria Government College in the city was named in memory of Queen Victoria. The main meaning of the context is that the people of Comilla have always maintained good relations and harmonized with others.

World War II

Comilla Cantonment is an important military base and the oldest in East Bengal. It was widely used by the British Indian Army during World War II. It was the headquarter of the British 14th Army. There is a war cemetery, Maynamati War Cemetery, in Comilla that was established after World War II to remember the Allied soldiers who died during World War I and II, mostly from Commonwealth states and the United States. There are a number of Japanese soldiers buried there as well, from the Second World War.

War of liberation of Bangladesh

During the war for the liberation of Bangladesh, when Pakistan Army created the 39th ''ad hoc'' Division in mid-November, from the 14th Division units deployed in those areas, to hold on to the Comilla and Noakhali districts, and the 14th Division was tasked to defend the Sylhet and Brahmanbaria areas only. Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the Joint Coalition forces on 16 December 1971. This day and event is commemorated as the Bijoy Dibos ( bn, বিজয় দিবস) in Bangladesh

Geography

Comilla is bounded by Burichang Upazila and Tripura on the north, Laksham, and Chauddagram on the south, and Barura on the west. The major rivers that pass through Comilla include Gomoti River and Little Feni. The Tropic of Cancer crosses Comilla town on the south side just over the Tomsom Bridge.

Climate

Comilla has a tropical savanna climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The climate of Comilla is generally marked with monsoons, high temperature, considerable humidity, and heavy rainfall. The hot season commences early in April and continues until July. The average annual temperature in Comilla is . About of precipitation falls annually.

Points of interest

Comilla has a number of tourist attractions. Various archaeological relics discovered in the district, especially from the seventh–eighth centuries, are now preserved in the Mainamati Museum. There is a World War II war cemetery in Comilla, which is protected and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Sports

Comilla Victorians is a professional cricket team based in Comilla and is the most successful club in the Bangladesh Premier League.

Administration

Comilla is controlled by the Comilla City Corporation. It has 27 wards.

Metro neighbourhoods

These are the neighbourhoods of Comilla:
* Baghmara
* Bara Para
* Belghar
* Bholain (North)
* Bholain (South)
* Bijoypur
* Chapapur
* Durlovpur
* Chouara
* Galiara
* Purba Jorekaran
* Pachim Jorekaran
* Perul (North)
* Perul (South)

Demographics

At the time of the 2011 census, Comilla City Corporation had a population of 339,133, of which 177,300 were male and 161,833 were female.

Muslims are over 91% of the population, while Hindus make up over 8%.

Transportation

Highway

One of the oldest highways of the Indian subcontinent, 'The Grand Trunk Road', passes through the city. The Dhaka–Chittagong Highway bypasses the city from the cantonment to Shuagaji through Poduar Bazar. The intercity bus terminal is located at Ashrafpur Bus terminal and ShashonGacha.There are many buses to go to Cumilla from Dhaka like Tisha, Royal Coach, Asia Line, Unique etc. Besides these there are also some local buses which take low price from the travellers.

Railway

Comilla is a nearby city of Laksham Junction and Akhaura Railway Junction. Rail connection is available to Dhaka, Chittagong, Brahmanbaria, and Sylhet.

Education

The Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education is responsible for holding public examinations (JSC, S.S.C, and H.S.C) in Comilla and five nearby districts.

Media

Daily newspapers published in Comilla include ''Comillar Kagoj'', ''Daily Amader Comilla'', ''Shiranam'', and ''Rupasi Bangla'', established in 1972. '' Amod'', founded in 1955, is the city's oldest weekly newspaper.

Notable residents

* Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President of Bangladesh; he also served as Minister and member of Exile Cabinet of Meherpur Government
* Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime Minister
* Kamrul Ahsan: Secretary to the Government and now serving as Bangladesh Ambassador to Russia. Earlier served as High Commissioner to Canada and Singapore.
* Buddhadeb Bosu, Bengali poet, novelist, translator, editor, and essayist.
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