Châteauesque Architecture In The United States

Châteauesque (or Francis I style,Whiffen, Marcus, ''American Architecture Since 1780: A guide to the styles'', The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1969, p. 142. or in Canada, the Château Style) is a Revivalist architectural style based on the French Renaissance architecture of the monumental châteaux of the Loire Valley from the late fifteenth century to the early seventeenth century.

The term ''châteauesque'' (literally, "château-like") is credited (by historian Marcus Whiffen) to American architectural historian Bainbridge Bunting, although it can be found in publications that pre-date Bunting's birth. As of 2011, the Getty Research Institute's ''Art & Architecture Thesaurus'' includes both "Château Style" and "Châteauesque", with the former being the preferred term for North America.

The style frequently features buildings heavily ornamented by the elaborate towers, spires, and steeply-pitched roofs of sixteenth century châteaux, themselves influenced by late Gothic and Italian Renaissance architecture. Despite their French ornamentation, as a revival style, buildings in the châteauesque style do not attempt to completely emulate a French château. Châteauesque buildings are typically built on an asymmetrical plan, with a roof-line broken in several places and a facade composed of advancing and receding planes.

History

The style was popularized in the United States by Richard Morris Hunt. Hunt, the first American architect to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, designed residences, including those for the Vanderbilt family, during the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s. A relatively rare style in the United States, its presence was concentrated in the Northeast, although isolated examples can be found in nearly all parts of the country. It was mostly employed for residences of the extremely wealthy, although it was occasionally used for public buildings.

The first building in this style in Canada was the 1887 Quebec City Armoury (now named the Voltigeurs de Québec Armoury, formerly called the Grande-Allée Armoury (French: Manège militaire Grande-Allée, or simply Manège militaire) designed by Eugène-Étienne Taché. Many of Canada's grand railway hotels, designed by John Smith Archibald, Edward Maxwell, Bruce Price and Ross and Macdonald, were built in the Châteauesque style, with other mainly public or residential buildings. The style may be associated with Canadian architecture because these grand hotels are prominent landmarks in major cities across the country and in certain national parks.

In Hungary, Arthur Meinig built numerous country houses in the Loire Valley style, the earliest being Andrássy Castle in Tiszadob, 1885–1890, and the grandest being Károlyi Castle in Nagykároly (Carei), 1893–1895.

The style began to fade after the turn of the 20th century, and it was largely absent from new construction by the 1930s.

Architects who designed in Châteauesque style

* John Smith Archibald of Archibald and Schofield
* Bradford Gilbert
* Bruce Price
* Edward Maxwell
* Eugène-Étienne Taché
* Francis Rattenbury
* Sproatt and Rolph
* Hippolyte Destailleur
* Richard Morris Hunt
* Ross and Macfarlane, Ross and Macdonald
* Solon Spencer Beman
* Walter-André Destailleur
* Will Price
* William Henry Crossland

Examples in Europe

Image:Crimea South Coast 04-14 img02 Massandra Palace.jpg, Massandra Palace, Crimea (1900 palace)
Image:Dmitry Medvedev 2 July 2008-4.jpg, Meyendorff Castle near Moscow (1874–1885)
Image:Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png, Euxinograd, Varna, Bulgaria

United Kingdom

File:WaddesdonManor.JPG, Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, England 1874–1889
File:2015-12-29 Chateau Impney.jpg, Chateau Impney, Worcestershire.
File:Haltonhouse-northface.jpg, Halton House, Buckinghamshire.
File:Bowes Museum.jpg, Bowes Museum, County Durham.
File:Cherkley Court - geograph.org.uk - 1257519.jpg, Cherkley Court, Surrey.
File:Park Place, Remenham.jpg, Park Place Berkshire.
File:MinleyManor.jpg, Minley Manor, Hampshire.
File:Oxon Hoath.jpg, alt=, Oxon Hoath, West Peckham, Kent

Examples in the United States

File:WKVanderbiltHouse Cropped version.jpeg, William K. Vanderbilt residence, Petit Chateau, 1878–82, Manhattan, by Richard Morris Hunt.
File:Ochre Court 2.jpg, Ochre Court, Newport, Rhode Island, 1892
Image:Kimberly Crest 1.jpg, Kimberly Crest, Redlands, California, 1897, Dennis and Farwell, architects
Image:CareyMansion.jpg, Carey Mansion, Newport, Rhode Island
Image:Biltmore Estate.jpg, Biltmore Estate, 1890–95, Asheville, North Carolina, Richard Morris Hunt, architect
Image:CanadaEpcot.JPG, Hotel du Canada, Orlando, Florida, 1982
File:Hecker House - Detroit Michigan.jpg, Col. Frank J. Hecker House, Detroit, Michigan, 1888
File:Voight House.jpg, Voigt House, Part of Heritage Hill Historic District, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1895
File:Eighth Precinct Police Station Detroit.jpg, Eighth Precinct Police Station, Detroit, Michigan, 1901
File:Tacoma - Stadium High School 03A.jpg, Stadium High School, Tacoma, Washington, Broke ground 1891, Completed 1906
File:20070110 United States Soccer Federation.JPG, William W. Kimball House, Chicago, Illinois, 1892
File:Overholser Mansion in Oklahoma City.jpg, Overholser Mansion, Oklahoma City, 1903

Examples in Canada

Many of the Châteauesque-style buildings in Canada were built by railway companies, and their respective hotel divisions. They include Canadian National Railway and Canadian National Hotels, Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian Pacific Hotels, and the Grand Trunk Railway.

Image:Banff Spring Hotel.JPG, Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, Alberta
Image:Château Laurier 2.jpg, Château Laurier, Ottawa, Ontario
Image:2009-0519-FortGarryHotel.jpg, Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Image:Québec, Gare du Palais1.jpg, Gare du Palais, Quebec City
Image:HotelVancouver.jpg, Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia
Image:Manoir Richelieu01.jpg, Manoir Richelieu, La Malbaie, Quebec
Image:Place Viger.png, Place Viger, Montreal, Quebec
Image:Manège Militaire, Québec City, Les Voltigeurs de Québec.jpg, Quebec City Armoury, Quebec City
Image:Bessborough Hotel.jpg, The Bessborough, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Image:The Empress Hotel.JPG, The Empress, Victoria, British Columbia
File:Toronto - ON - Royal York Hotel.jpg, The Royal York, Toronto, Ontario

See also

* List of architectural styles
*Empire style
* French architecture
* Revivalism (architecture)

References

External links

Yorklinks.net: Images of Châteauesque architecture
— ''images from Chicago architecture.''

— ''images from Louisville, Kentucky.''

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Architectural styles
American architectural styles
Revival architectural styles
19th-century architectural styles
20th-century architectural styles