Chomiczówka is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, located within the district of

Bielany Bielany () is a district in Warsaw located in the north-western part of the city. Initially a part of Żoliborz, Bielany has been an independent district since 1994. Bielany borders Żoliborz to the south-east, and Bemowo to the south-west. Its ...

Etymology

Chomiczówka is named after Bolesław and Józef Chomicz, brothers and businesspeople, who in 1909 bought a portion of the neighbourhood, and established there a branch of their agricultural company, named Bracia Chomicz (lit. Chomicz Brothers). In 1920, they established here a suburban villa neighbourhood, originally named ''Chomiczów'' In 1933, it was renamed to ''Przylesie'', and in the late 1930s, it gradually became known as ''Chomiczówka'' while its former name fell out of use.

History

By 14th century, in the northern portion of modern Chomiczówka existed village of Wawrzyszew. The oldest known records of it comes from 1367. In 1379, Janusz I the Old, the Duke of Warsaw, has granted all profits from five nearby villages, including Wawrzyszew, to the city of Old Warsaw, for the duration of eight years. It was done as one of a few policies, to help it financially offset the costs of building the

city walls A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with to ...

.Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): ''Encyklopedia Warszawy'', vol. 1. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 942. ISBN 9788301088361. (in Polish) In the 16th century, Baltazar Smosarski, physician of the Polish royal court, has bought the village of Wawrzyszew. There he founded the construction of the

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Church of St. Mary Magdalene, which lasted between 1543 and 1548. It is located at the current 64 Wólczyńska Street, within present boundaries of City Information System area of Wawrzyszew.Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): ''Encyklopedia Warszawy'', vol. 1. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 375. ISBN 9788301088361. (in Polish) On 26 August 1794, Wawrzyszew was captured and burned down by

Prussian Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, the House of Hohenzoll ...

forces during the Siege of Warsaw in the

Kościuszko Uprising The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Common ...

. In the 19th century, next to the Church of St. Mary Magdalene was opened the Wawrzyszew Cemetery. The oldest known grave there comes from 1830.Karol Mórawski: ''Warszawskie cmentarze. Przewodnik historyczny''. Warsaw: PTTK Kraj, 1991, pp. 96-98. ISBN 83-7005-333-5. (in Polish) Currently it is located within the City Information System area of Wawrzyszew. In 1868, the area of four settlements, including Wawrzyszew, was given by Alexander II, the

Emperor of Russia The emperor and autocrat of all Russia (, ), also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, was the official title of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917. The title originated in connection with Russia's ...

, to Alexandr Vladimirovich Patkulov, a general in the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

, as an award for his service. In the 1880s, the Fort II had been built to the southeast of Wawrzyszew, as part of the series of fortifications of the

Warsaw Fortress Warsaw Fortress (, ) was a system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a Western Russian fortresses, chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland an ...

, built around Warsaw by the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

. In 1909, it was decided to decommission and demolish the fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, due to the high maintenance costs. As such, Fort II was decommissioned and partially demolished.Lech Królikowski: ''Twierdza Warszawa'', Warsaw, 2002. (in Polish) In 1909, Wawrzyszew was partitioned and sold off. Its southern portion was bought by brothers Bolesław and Józef Chomicz, who then had established the branch of their agricultural company Bracia Chomicz (lit. ''Chomicz Brothers''), with headquarters at 8 Zgody Street. In 1920, they had begun selling plots of land of a suburban residential neighbourhood of villas, named Chomiczów. In 1933, the project was renamed to Przylesie. In the late 1930s, it gradually became known as Chomiczówka while its former name fell out of use. Bracia Chomicz company functioned until 1937. By 1921, Wawrzyszew was administratively divided into the village of Wawrzyszew Stary (''Old Wawrzyszew'') to the north, and the settlement of Wawrzyszew Nowy (''New Wawrzyszew'') to the south. In 1921 Wawrzyszew Stary had a population of 328 people, while Wawrzyszew Nowy, 245 people. By 1933 there were also smaller village of Wawrzyszew Poduchowny, and the settlements of Wawrzyszew Polski, and Wawrzyszew Parafialny. During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, on 21 September 1939, the area had been captured by German forces. During the conflict, the Fort II was used as a warehouse. Between 13 and 14 June 1943, a division of the People's Militia of the Worker's Party of Polish Socialists had attacked it, destroying portion of the supplies stored there. Following the beginning of the

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from ...

, between 1 and 2 August 1944, the Polish partisans of the

Home Army The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ...

had attacked the nearby Bielany Aerodrome, which was heavily guarded by German forces. The attack was unsuccessful, ending in German victory, and retreat of the partisans. There were also clashes in the area of

, including a few small fights in Wawrzyszew.Szymon Datner, Kazimierz Leszczyński (editors): ''Zbrodnie okupanta w czasie powstania warszawskiego w 1944 roku (w dokumentach)''. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo MON, 1962, pp. 21–24. On 3 August 1944, German forces has attacked particants in Bielany, which fought of the attack with heavy loses.Karol Mórawski (editor): ''Żoliborz-Bielany. Warszawskie Termopile 1944''. Warsaw: Fundacja Wystawa Warszawa Walczy 1939–1945, 1999, p. 92. ISBN 83-87224-15-4. (in Polish) Following the unsuccessful attack, German forces had decided to take revenge on the population of Wawrzyszew. Later that day, German forces, who according to the testimonies of the witnesses were from the Protection Squadron, had entered the village. They had set buildings on fire and destroyed them with grenades, and had expelled the population. People who fought back, or were to slow to leave, were killed at the scene. Additionally, the attackers had d also executed several men. In total 30 people, including women and children, were killed, while portion of the village was burned down. The surviving population was displaced. On 14 May 1951, the area, including Wawrzyszew Stary, Wawrzyszew Nowy, and Chomiczówka, was incorporated from the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of Młociny into the city of Warsaw, within the district of

Żoliborz Żoliborz () is one of the northern dzielnica, districts of the city of Warsaw. It is located directly to the north of the Warszawa-Śródmieście, City Centre, on the left bank of the Vistula river. It has approximately 50,000 inhabitants and is ...

In the 1970s, there was built a neighbourhood of Chomiczówka, consisting of the

multifamily residential Multifamily residential, also known as multidwelling unit (MDU), is a classification of housing where multiple separate housing units for residential inhabitants are contained within one building or several buildings within one complex. Units can ...

large panel system building A large-panel-system building is a building constructed of large, Concrete slab#Prefabricated, prefabricated concrete slabs. Such buildings are often found in Housing development, housing developments. Although large-panel-system buildings are ...

s. The Chomicz Park was also built in the centre between residential buildings. On 19 June 1994, it became part of the city subdivision of the municipality of Warsaw-Bielany. On 27 October 2002, it became part of the district of

. In 1997, Bielany was subdivided into areas of the City Information System, with Chomiczówka, becoming one of them, consisting of the southern area of historical Wawrzyszew. Between 1983 and 2003, in Chomiczówka, at 7 Conrada Street, the

Church of the Vergin Mary Help of Christians was built.

Characteristics

Chomiczówka is a residential neighbourhood consisting of the

apartment An apartment (American English, Canadian English), flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), tenement (Scots English), or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that ...

buildings, and low-rise single-family houses. Chomicz Park is located in the central eastern portion of the neighbourhood, placed between residential buildings. In the eastern portion of the neighbourhood, at 76 Księżycowa Street, is located the decommissioned Fort II, which was built in the 1880s by the

, as part of fortifications of the

. At 7 Conrada Street is located the

Church of the Vergin Mary Help of Christians.

Location and administrative boundaries

Wawrzyszew is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, located in the city of

, within the south-central portion of the district of

. To the north its border is determined by Wólczyńska Street, Kwitnąca Streer, and Gotycka Street, Reymonta Avenue; to the south by Księżycowa Street; and to the west, around the area of the Fort II, the buildings at Kalinowej Łąki Street, and Rodziny Połanieckich Street, later near the Esej Street, and in a line connecting to the intersection of Wólczyńska Street and Nocznickiego Street. It borders Wawrzyszew to the north, Old Bielany, and Piaski to the east, Fort Bema to the southeast, Lotnisko to the south, and Radiowo to the west. Its southern boundary forms the border of Bielany, bordering the district of

Bemowo Bemowo is a district of Warsaw located in the western part of the city. Its territory covers the western belt of the former district of Wola Wola () is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to ...

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Chomiczowka Neighbourhoods of Bielany Populated places established in 1920 1920 establishments in Poland Planned communities in Poland