Chiva, Valencia
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Chiva is a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
in the ''comarca'' of
Hoya de Buñol Hoya de Buñol (; ) is a ''comarca'' in the province of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain. All the towns in it are Spanish-speaking, rather than Valencian-speaking. Municipalities * Alborache *Buñol *Cheste * Chiva *Dos Aguas *Godelleta ...
in the
Valencian Community The Valencian Community is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community after Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid wit ...
, Spain. It has a population of 16,750 inhabitants (INE 2023). It is a Spanish-speaking town, in which Spanish has the legally recognised linguistic predominance compared to
Valencian Valencian can refer to: * Something related to the Valencian Community ( Valencian Country) in Spain * Something related to the city of Valencia * Something related to the province of Valencia in Spain * Something related to the old Kingdom of ...
, co-official regional language of the Valencian Community. Part of the Hoya de Buñol region, it is located 31 kilometres inland following the A3 Highway from the capital of
Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...
in direction towards
Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...
. Chiva has the largest municipal park in Valencia; the mountainous Paraje Natural Municipal Sierra de Chiva, with a surface area of more than 5,500 ha.. This enclave is considered to have ecological, scenic and cultural significance, for which it justified its status as a protected area.


History

Remains from the Metal Age, the
Iberian Iberian refers to Iberia. Most commonly Iberian refers to: *Someone or something originating in the Iberian Peninsula, namely from Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. The term ''Iberian'' is also used to refer to anything pertaining to the fo ...
and
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
periods have been found in Chiva. It seems that the first traces of human presence in what is now the municipality of Chiva appear in the Epipalaeolithic period, between 8,000 and 5,000 BC. After many centuries under the
Al-Andalus Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o ...
muslim rule, Chiva was conquered around 1246 or 1247 by King James I of Aragon as part of the ''
Reconquista The ''Reconquista'' (Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian Reconquista#Northern Christian realms, kingdoms waged ag ...
'' efforts to recliam the Iberian Penisnula to
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...
. A large part of the Muslim population remained, and the town constantly changed lordships in the centuries that followed. When the
Revolt of the Brotherhoods The Revolt of the Brotherhoods (, ) was a revolt by artisan guilds ('' Germanies'') against the government of King Charles V in the Kingdom of Valencia, part of the Crown of Aragon. It took place from 1519–1523, with most of the fighti ...
broke out in 1519, the Agermanados demanded the baptism of the Muslim population, which the large Muslim population of Chiva strongly opposed. The expulsion of the Moors in 1609 led to an almost total depopulation. In 1797, an important demographic recovery was noted, mostly due to the development of agriculture, both from dry farmed crops and those based on irrigation.
Pascual Madoz Pascual Madoz Ibáñez (17 May 1806 – 13 December 1870) was a Spanish politician and statistician. Biography In early life Madoz was settled in Barcelona, as a writer and journalist. He envisioned the construction of the Vielha tunnel. ...
between 1845-1850 reported the existence of some industrial development related to agricultural activities, although it was the later arrival of the railway and the expansion of vineyards that brought about a greater economic boost. In the 20th century, the
workers' movement The labour movement is the collective organisation of Working class, working people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It ca ...
developed significantly, as shown by the repercussions of the anarchist strike of 1911 and the crisis of 1917, as well as the good electoral results of the PSOE in 1919. During the 20th century, the population experienced a greater intensification of crops, greater industrial development and significant demographic growth. The crisis in the wine sector led to a period of economic and population recession that lasted until the 1970s, when there was a new expansion based on industrial development and the creation of an important nucleus of second homes, both favoured by the proximity to the metropolitan area of Valencia. During the
October 2024 Spain floods On 29 October 2024, torrential rain caused by an cut-off low, isolated low-pressure area at high levels brought over a year's worth of precipitation to several areas in eastern Spain, including the Valencian Community, Castilla–La Mancha, and ...
, a year's worth of rain fell on Chiva on 29 October 2024.


Monuments

* The Ruins of Castle of Chiva. * Chiva Tower, called '' La Torreta''. * The Chiva Optical Telegraphy Tower is an optical tower, with gun ports, which formed part of the line from Madrid to Valencia. * Chapel of the ''Virgen del Castillo''. * Archpriestly Church of San Juan Bautista, 18th century. * Collection of paintings by the Valencian Baroque painter José Vergara Gimeno. * Fountain of the 21 spouts, modernist.


Relevant people from Chiva

*
Luis Antonio García Navarro Luis Antonio García Navarro (30 April 1941 in Chiva, Valencian Community, Spain – 10 October 2001 in Madrid, Spain), was a Spanish conductor. Biography García Navarro was born in Chiva (Spain), and studied in Valencia and the Madrid Royal ...
, music conductor (born in Chiva 1941).


References

Municipalities in the Province of Valencia Hoya de Buñol {{valencia-geo-stub