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Labor Movement In Spain
The labor movement in Spain began in Catalonia in the 1830s and 1840s, although it was during the Sexenio Democrático, Democratic Sexenio when it was really born with the founding of the Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA, Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association, First International (FRE-AIT) at the 1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Workers' Congress of Barcelona in 1870. During the Restoration (Spain), Restoration, the two major Spanish trade union organizations were founded, the socialist (UGT, 1888) and the Anarcho-syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, (CNT, 1910), with the latter predominating until the Second Spanish Republic. CNT and UGT were the protagonists of the Spanish Revolution of 1936, social revolution that took place in the Republican zone during the first months of the Spanish Civil War. During Francoist Spain, Franco's dictatorship, the two historical centers were harshly repressed until they p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four Provinces of Spain, provinces or eight Vegueries of Catalonia, ''vegueries'' (regions), which are in turn divided into 43 Comarques of Catalonia, ''comarques''. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populous Municipalities in Spain, municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous List of metropolitan areas in Europe, urban area in the European Union. > > > ''Catalonia'' theoretically derived. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that ''Catalania'' derives from the local medley of Goths with Alans, initially constituting a ''Goth-Alania''. Othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Spain, Marx
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society. Definition The term—both as a noun and adjective—is usually applied to the field of politics, but is also occasionally used in the context of science, invention or art. In politics, a revolutionary is someone who supports abrupt, rapid, and drastic change, usually replacing the status quo, while a reformist is someone who supports more gradual and incremental change, often working within the system. In that sense, revolutionaries may be considered radical, while reformists are moderate by comparison. Moments which seem revolutionary on the surface may end up reinforcing established institutions. Likewise, evidently small changes may lead to revolutionary consequences in the long term. Thus the clarity of the distinction between revolution and reform is more con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class Consciousness
In Marxism, class consciousness is the set of beliefs that persons hold regarding their social class or economic rank in society, the structure of their class, and their common class interests. According to Karl Marx, class consciousness is an awareness that is key to sparking a revolution which would "create a dictatorship of the proletariat, transforming it from a wage-earning, propertyless mass into the ruling class". Although Marxists tend to focus on class consciousness (or its absence) among the proletariat, the upper classes in society can also think and act in a class-conscious way. As Leonard Fein pointed out, "The very rich have been well aware of their class privilege and have laboured mightily to protect and defend it". For example, Warren Buffett has demonstrated class consciousness: "There's class warfare, all right... but it's my class, the rich class, that's making war, and we're winning." Marxist theory Early in the 19th century, the labels "working classes" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Tuñón De Lara
Manuel Tuñón de Lara (1915–1997) was a Spanish historian. Life Born in Madrid on 8 September 1915. He earned law degree from the University of Madrid in 1936. In 1932 he had joined the Communist Youth Union, in 1937 becoming director of the cadre school of the Unified Socialist Youth, and earning a place on the central committee. At the end of the Spanish Civil War he was interned in a concentration camp. In 1946 he fled to Paris to escape persecution for his membership in the Union of Free Intellectuals. In Paris he completed his studies in history and authored numerous articles, which appeared in various Communist-affiliated publications throughout the world. In 1964 he became a professor and chair of Spanish history and Spanish literature at the University of Pau, where from 1970 to 1980 he organized the ''Colloquiums on the Contemporary History of Spain'', which encouraged the study of social history and served as a focal point of discussion and debate, attractin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Association
Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline membership based on certain criteria. It can be described as the right of a person coming together with other individuals to collectively express, promote, pursue and/or defend common interests. Freedom of association is both an individual right and a collective right, guaranteed by all modern and democratic legal systems, including the United States Bill of Rights, article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and international law, including articles 20 and 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 22 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work by the International Labour Organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glorious Revolution (Spain)
The Glorious Revolution ( or ) took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the deposition of Queen Isabella II. The success of the revolution marked the beginning of the with the installation of a provisional government. Background Leading up to the Glorious Revolution, there had been numerous failed attempts to overthrow the unpopular Queen Isabella, most notably in 1854 and 1861. An 1866 rebellion led by General Juan Prim and a revolt of the sergeants at San Gil barracks, in Madrid, sent a signal to Spanish liberals and republicans that there was serious unrest that could be harnessed if it were properly led. Liberals and republican exiles abroad made agreements at Ostend in 1866 and Brussels in 1867. These agreements laid the framework for a major uprising, this time not merely to replace the Prime Minister with a Liberal, but to overthrow Queen Isabella, whom Spanish liberals and republicans began to see as the source of Spain's difficulties. Her continual vacillation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress
The 1865 Barcelona Workers Congress was held in December —in September, according to Manuel Tuñón de Lara - from 1865 in Barcelona (Spain) and brought together 22 Catalan workers' societies, taking advantage of a moment tolerance during the final crisis of the reign of Elizabeth II (1863-1868). It was the first workers' congress to be held in Spain, although it was limited to Catalonia. Background After the Progressive Biennium, workers' societies were once again banned, although some continued to exist underground. There was some initiative to address the social question by members and sympathizers of the Progressive Party in Catalonia as the foundation in 1862 of the Catalan Working Class Athenaeum. The situation changed in 1864 when the Captain General of Catalonia, Domingo Dulce y Garay, in fact allowed the workers' societies to function, which opened a period of freedom, during which two newspapers of some importance appeared, '' El Obrero'' and ''La Asociación ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienio Progresista
In the history of Spain, the ''bienio progresista'' (, "Progressive Biennium" or "Progressivist Biennium") was the two-year period from July 1854 to July 1856, during which the Progressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II, which had been dominated by the Moderate Party since 1843 in the so-called '' década moderada''. The Progressives were ''exaltados'' or ''veinteañistas'', advocates of radical liberalism, in contrast to the conservative liberalism of the ''doceañistas'' or Moderates. Background After a decade of rule by the Moderates, the Spanish were aware of massive government corruption in the entrenched Moderate regime. Furthermore, all but the wealthiest were disenfranchised by a system of census suffrage that left less than one percent of the population eligible to participate in the country's electoral politics. The perceived injustice of this situation provoked protests and subversive movements. These movements were led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1855 Catalan General Strike
The 1855 Catalan general strike was a general strike that took place in 1855 after the execution of . It was the first general strike in Spanish history, resulting in mass demonstrations and the death of a factory manager in Sants, Barcelona. Bienio Progresista The rise of Spanish liberalism in the 19th century also brought with it factionalism. Spanish liberals were split into two main factions: the Moderate Party, which represented the liberal right wing, and the Progressive Party, which represented the liberal left wing. The Moderate Party, led by Ramón María Narváez, held power from 1844 to 1854, a period known as the '' década moderada'' ( ‘Moderate Decade’). The decada moderada ended with the Revolution of 1854, which saw the Progressives under Leopoldo O'Donnell execute a coup with British and French support to put Baldomero Espartero in power, ushering in the ''bienio progresista'' ( 'Progressive Biennium'). The Revolution saw many Catalan workers fighting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels" ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. ; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman and Karl Marx's lifelong friend and closest collaborator, serving as the co-founder of Marxism. Born in Barmen in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engels was the son of a wealthy textile manufacturer. Despite his Bourgeoisie, bourgeois background, he became a staunch critic of capitalism, influenced by his observations of industrial working conditions in Manchester, England, as published in his early work ''The Condition of the Working Class in England'' (1845). He met Marx in 1844, after which they jointly authored works including ''The Holy Family (book), The Holy Family'' (1844), ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona Weavers Association
The Barcelona Weavers Association () was an association of weavers of cotton from Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) and neighboring towns. It was the first union in the labor movement in Spain. Founded clandestinely in the summer of 1839 and officially established in 1840 as a mutual aid society, it was banned several times because the right of association was not recognised during the reign of Isabella II, but it continued to operate under various guises. Background In the 1830s, Catalonia was the only place in Spain with a modern industry, and partly as a result, it experienced significant social and labor conflict, mainly involving workers producing cotton textiles. During these years, the first attempts to form workers' societies occurred, as evidenced by repeated complaints to the Factory Commission by employers against "disobedient workers" or "ungrateful workers" and against "a sort of plot to demand wage increases"—a reference to what would later be called a strike— ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Spain
The history of Spain dates to contact between the List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula with the Greeks and Phoenicians. During Classical Antiquity, the peninsula was the site of multiple successive colonizations of Greeks, Punic people, Carthaginians, and Romans. Native peoples of the peninsula, such as the Tartessos, intermingled with the colonizers to create a uniquely Iberian culture. The Romans referred to the entire peninsula as Hispania, from which the name "Spain" originates. As was the rest of the Western Roman Empire, Spain was subject to numerous invasions of Germanic tribes during the 4th and 5th centuries AD, resulting in the end of Roman rule and the establishment of Germanic kingdoms, marking the beginning of the Spain in the Middle Ages, Middle Ages in Spain. Germanic control lasted until the Umayyad conquest of Hispania began in 711. The region became known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
