Catterick, North Yorkshire
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Catterick () is a village,
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
and
electoral ward A ward is a local authority area, typically used for electoral purposes. In some countries, wards are usually named after neighbourhoods, thoroughfares, parishes, landmarks, geographical features and in some cases historical figures connected t ...
in
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in Northern England.The Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas of City of York, York and North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire are in Yorkshire and t ...
, England. Historically part of the
North Riding of Yorkshire The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at . From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having b ...
, it is north-west of the county town of
Northallerton Northallerton ( ) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Wiske in the Vale of Mowbray and had a population of 16,832 in 2011. Northallerton is an administrative centre for York and North Yorkshire ...
just to the west of the
River Swale The River Swale in Yorkshire, England, is a major tributary of the River Ure, which becomes the River Ouse, Yorkshire, River Ouse, that empties into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary. The river gives its name to Swaledale, the valley throu ...
. It lends its name to nearby
Catterick Garrison Catterick Garrison is a major garrison and List of modern military towns, military town south of Richmond, North Yorkshire, Richmond, North Yorkshire, England. It is the largest British Army garrison in the world, with a population of around 14 ...
and the nearby hamlet of
Catterick Bridge Catterick Bridge is a hamlet about north of Catterick, North Yorkshire, Catterick, at the south end of Catterick Bridge (bridge), Catterick road bridge. The hamlet includes Catterick Racecourse and a few houses. The Sunday market, held at the ...
, the home of Catterick Racecourse where the village Sunday market is held. It lies on the route of the old
Roman road Roman roads ( ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Em ...
of
Dere Street Dere Street or Deere Street is a modern designation of a Roman roads, Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), crossing the Stanegate at Corbridge (Hadrian's Wall was crossed at the Portgate, just to the north) and continuing beyond int ...
and is the site of the Roman fortification of Cataractonium.


Toponymy

The etymology of the name is derived from the Latin place name , which looks like a Latin/Greek mixture meaning "place of a waterfall", but it might have been a Roman misunderstanding of the
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...
name ''Catu-rātis'' meaning "battle ramparts", as partly supported by the spelling (Catouractonion) on the
Ptolemy world map The Ptolemy world map is a map of the world known to Greco-Roman societies in the 2nd century. It is based on the description contained in Ptolemy's book ''Geography'', written . Based on an inscription in several of the earliest surviving manusc ...
.


History

The place is mentioned in
Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; – 160s/170s AD) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine science, Byzant ...
's
Geographia The ''Geography'' (, ,  "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the ' and the ', is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally wri ...
of as a landmark to locate the 24th
clime The climes (singular ''clime''; also ''clima'', plural ''climata'', from Greek κλίμα ''klima'', plural κλίματα ''klimata'', meaning "inclination" or "slope") in classical Greco-Roman geography and astronomy were the divisions of ...
. It dates back to Roman times, when '' Cataractonium'' was a
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...
protecting the crossing of
Dere Street Dere Street or Deere Street is a modern designation of a Roman roads, Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), crossing the Stanegate at Corbridge (Hadrian's Wall was crossed at the Portgate, just to the north) and continuing beyond int ...
over the
River Swale The River Swale in Yorkshire, England, is a major tributary of the River Ure, which becomes the River Ouse, Yorkshire, River Ouse, that empties into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary. The river gives its name to Swaledale, the valley throu ...
. Catterick is thought to be the site of the
Battle of Catraeth The Battle of Catraeth was fought around AD 600 between a force raised by the Gododdin, a Brythonic people of the ''Hen Ogledd'' or "Old North" of Britain, and the Angles of Bernicia and Deira. It was evidently an assault by the Gododdin ...
() mentioned in the
Welsh language Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic languages, Celtic language of the Brittonic languages, Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales by about 18% of the population, by some in England, and in (the Welsh c ...
poem Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...
''
Y Gododdin ''Y Gododdin'' () is a medieval Welsh poem consisting of a series of elegies to the men of the Brittonic kingdom of Gododdin and its allies who, according to the conventional interpretation, died fighting the Angles of Deira and Bernicia ...
''. This was fought between Celtic British or Brythonic kingdoms and the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of
Bernicia Bernicia () was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England. The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English cou ...
.
Paulinus of York Paulinus (died 10 October 644) was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, Paulinus arrived in E ...
performed baptisms nearby in the
River Swale The River Swale in Yorkshire, England, is a major tributary of the River Ure, which becomes the River Ouse, Yorkshire, River Ouse, that empties into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary. The river gives its name to Swaledale, the valley throu ...
. Catterick is mentioned in the
Domesday Book Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...
of 1086 as ''Catrice''. The manor was held by Earl Edwin at the time of the Norman invasion, and was afterwards was granted to Count Alan of Brittany. Thereafter the demesne manor was held by the lords of Richmond. The manor has been held by
John of Gaunt John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399), was an English royal prince, military leader and statesman. He was the fourth son (third surviving) of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. Because ...
in the 14th century and the Earls of Salisbury in the 15th century. The manor was held for a while by Sir John Conyers from 1484. During the reign of Queen Mary I, the manor was granted to the youngest daughter of
Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu (also written Montague or Montacute; circa 1492 – January 1539), was an English nobleman, the only holder of the title Baron Montagu under its 1514 creation, and one of the relatives whom King Henry VIII of ...
, whose son Francis Barrington inherited the honour. The Barrington family passed the manor to Richard Braithwaite whose descendants inherited the manor and held it until the 18th century. Other lords of the manor included the Lawson family, who held it into the late 19th century. Pallet Hill, just to the north of the village church, is the site of the earthwork remains of a motte and bailey castle. It is thought to have been built by King Stephen in the mid 12th century to control the Great North Road. It has been designated a
Scheduled Ancient Monument In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage, visu ...
. To the south of the village on the south side of the former A1/A6136 interchange, is the site of a small Roman roadside settlement and cemetery on Bainesse farm. It has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument. In later times, Catterick prospered as a coaching town where travellers up the Great North Road would stop overnight and refresh themselves and their
horse The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 mi ...
s; today's Angel Inn was once a
coaching inn The coaching inn (also coaching house or staging inn) was a vital part of Europe's inland transport infrastructure until the development of the railway, providing a resting point ( layover) for people and horses. The inn served the needs of t ...
. A mile to the south-east are the surviving earthworks of Killerby Castle, a medieval
motte-and-bailey A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively eas ...
castle. Catterick was a large
ancient parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
, extending into three
wapentake A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in the British Colony of ...
s (
Hang East Hang EastSometimes referred to as East Hang. was a Wapentake (Hundred (county division), Hundred), which is an administrative division (or ancient district), in the historic county of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was one of the smaller wap ...
, Hang West and Gilling West) of the
North Riding of Yorkshire The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at . From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having b ...
. It included the townships of Appleton, Bolton upon Swale, Brough, Colburn, Ellerton upon Swale, Hipswell, Hudswell, Killerby, Kiplin, Scorton, Scotton, Uckerby and Whitwell. All these places became separate civil parishes in 1866. In 1914 Catterick Camp (later Catterick Garrison) was established west of the village, in the ancient parish of Catterick but in the civil parishes of Hipswell and Scotton. It is recorded that during the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, men came to Catterick to complete their basic training before being deployed to their respective front or Base Depot. RAF Catterick, the airfield to the south of the village also opened in 1914, was transferred to the
Army An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by ...
and is now Marne Barracks, named after the site of two significant battles of the First World War. In 1974 Catterick was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire and was part of the
Richmondshire {{Infobox settlement , name = Richmondshire District , type = Non-metropolitan district , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_blank_emblem= Richmondshire arms.png , blank_em ...
district until 2023.


Governance

Catterick is part of the Richmond and Northallerton parliamentary constituency. The current Member of Parliament is
Rishi Sunak Rishi Sunak (born 12 May 1980) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 2022 to 2024. Following his defeat to Keir Starmer's La ...
, a
Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...
, who was
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister Advice (constitutional law), advises the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign on the exercise of much of the Royal prerogative ...
. His predecessor was
William Hague William Jefferson Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond (born 26 March 1961) is a British politician and life peer who was Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1997 to 2001 and Deputy Leader from 2005 to 2010. He was th ...
, former Conservative Party Leader and Foreign Secretary, who represented the constituency from 1989 to 2015. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of
Richmondshire {{Infobox settlement , name = Richmondshire District , type = Non-metropolitan district , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_blank_emblem= Richmondshire arms.png , blank_em ...
, it is now administered by the unitary
North Yorkshire Council North Yorkshire Council, known between 1974 and 2023 as North Yorkshire County Council, is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire, England. Since 2023 the council has been a unitary authority, being a county coun ...
. It lies within the Catterick Bridge electoral division of North Yorkshire Council. Catterick also has a parish council.


Geography

The village lies along A6136 road to Richmond and is by-passed by the A1. The A1 bypass, which cost £1 million at the time, was opened in 1959 by
Lord Chesham Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...
, the Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport. The River Swale turns southward just to the north of the village at Catterick Bridge and flows to the east side of the Catterick. Brough Beck runs east through the village to join the River Swale. There are several bodies of water that are the result of quarrying. Within of Catterick are the villages of
Brompton-on-Swale Brompton-on-Swale is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The village is located three miles east of Richmond, North Yorkshire, Richmond and north-west of the county town of Northallerton on the northern bank o ...
,
Catterick Bridge Catterick Bridge is a hamlet about north of Catterick, North Yorkshire, Catterick, at the south end of Catterick Bridge (bridge), Catterick road bridge. The hamlet includes Catterick Racecourse and a few houses. The Sunday market, held at the ...
, Colburn, Tunstall, East Appleton, Ellerton-on-Swale, Whitwell, Scorton and Uckerby. The adjacent A1 road and the village have suffered with flooding from Brough Beck. This was most notable in 2012, when a flash flood caused the A1 to be closed for 24-hours in both directions in September 2012. 149 properties in Catterick were flooded and the knock-on effect was believed to have cost the regions' economy over £2 million. In conjunction with the new build and upgrading of the A1 to motorway standard, a £6 million flood reservoir was built on the west side of the A1(M) and downstream of Brough Park. The scheme was officially opened in May 2018, but had its first major test in March 2018 when meltwater from snow in the dales flooded the lower valley. The reservoir can hold over of water and it is hoped that wildlife will colonise the reservoir.


Demography


2001 census

The 2001 UK census showed that the population was split 52.6% male to 47.4% female. The religious constituency was made of 83.4% Christian, 0.25% Buddhist, 0.11% Jewish, 0.11% Other and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 97.6% White British, 0.9% White Other/Irish, 0.4% Mixed Ethnic, 0.21% Black British, 0.21% Other Ethnic and 0.25% British Asian. There were 1,050 dwellings.


2011 census

The 2011 UK census showed that the population was split 58% male to 42% female. The religious constituency was made of 70.75% Christian, 0.16% Buddhist, 0.19% Muslim, 0.85% Hindu, 0.54% Other and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 92.4% White British, 2.3% White Other/Irish, 1.2% Mixed Ethnic, 0.76% Black British, 0.38% Other Ethnic and other and 1.77% British Asian. There were 1,200 dwellings.


Culture and community

Marne Barracks borders the village to the south along Leeming Lane and Oran Lane. The base and service quarters are separated from the village by a protective fence. There are a few local businesses, such as take-away food outlets, public house and a car service station. There is a sports ground which is used for cricket and football. Horse racing takes place year round at Catterick Racecourse, where the first recorded meeting was in 1783. This popular track stages 17 flat race meetings between April and October, with some 10 jump meetings between November and March. BFBS Radio broadcasts from studios on Shute Road across the town and surrounding areas on 106.9 FM as part of its UK Bases network. Michael Sydall C of E Primary School provides education for a mixed gender pupil intake between the ages of four and eleven. The school has an official capacity of 252 pupils. The school is named after a vicar of the village church of St Anne who founded a school in the village in 1658. The school is in the catchment area of Risedale Sports & Community College in nearby Catterick Garrison for secondary education needs.


Religion

The church in the village is dedicated to St Anne and is a Grade I listed building. The current building was completed in 1412 and added to in both the 15th and 19th centuries. A Wesleyan chapel was built in the village in 1842 on Low Green next to the local public house.


Notable residents

* John Catterick (died 1419) is reputed to have come from the village. He held the positions of
Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield The Bishop of Lichfield is the Ordinary (officer), ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers 4,516 km2 (1,744 sq. mi.) of the counties of Powys, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Warwi ...
as well as the
Bishop of Exeter The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary (officer), ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The current bishop is Mike Harrison (bishop), Mike Harrison, since 2024. From the first bishop until the sixteent ...
and Bishop of St David's. He was an important member of the King's court during the reigns of Henry IV and
Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (1216–1281 ...
. * Theophilus Lindsey (1723–1808), the Unitarian minister and theologian, was vicar of Catterick for ten years from 1763 until 1773, partly to live close to his friend and father in law Francis Blackburne. * Thomas Booth (c.1755–1835) was the owner and farmer of the nearby estate of Killerby. He was a successful stock breeder, winning prizes for breeding out defects in the traditional shorthorn cattle to produce better milk and meat producing animals. * Alexander John Scott (1768–1840) was a vicar of Catterick from 1816 until his death in 1840. A naval chaplain, he had served with his uncle, Rear-Admiral Alexander Scott, in the West Indies. He was a close friend and secretary of Lord Horatio Nelson. * Sir William Brown (1784–1864) attended the school of Rev Bradley in Catterick. He became a successful merchant, firstly in the cotton trade and later in shipping and finance. In later years he became involved in local politics in Liverpool and represented the South Lancashire Parliamentary constituency. * William Henry Angas (1781–1832) attended boarding school at Catterick. He initially had a career at sea, but became a church minister and missionary. *
George Fife Angas George Fife Angas (1 May 1789 – 15 May 1879) was an English businessman and banker who, while residing in England, played a significant part in the formation and establishment of the British colonisation of South Australia, Province of South ...
(1789–1879) attended Catterick School from 1801 to 1804 and was the younger brother of William Henry Angas. He joined the South Australia Land Company in 1832 and shortly after became a member of the South Australia colonization commission. * Frederick John Jackson (1860–1929) was born at Oran Hall in Catterick in 1860. He had a career in the British Imperial East Africa Company before turning to public service. He held the position of Lt Governor of the East Africa Protectorate (now Kenya) and then Governor of Uganda from 1911 to 1917. * Amy James-Kelly (1995–), British actress (''
Coronation Street ''Coronation Street'' (colloquially referred to as ''Corrie'') is a British television soap opera created by ITV Granada, Granada Television and shown on ITV (TV network), ITV since 9 December 1960. The programme centres on a cobbled, terraced ...
'', '' Three Families'') spent some of her early life in Catterick.


See also

* Listed buildings in Catterick, North Yorkshire


References


External links

*
Website

Sunday Market

Drone footage of Brough Beck reservoir being built
{{Authority control Villages in North Yorkshire Civil parishes in North Yorkshire Swaledale Richmondshire