Cathedral Island, Wrocław

The Cathedral Island (, , , ) is the oldest part of the city of Wrocław in south-western Poland. It was formerly an island (Old Polish: ) between branches of the Oder River. Today it is the city's popular tourist destination.
The Cathedral Island in Wrocław is one of the few remaining places in Europe where a lamplighter lights the gas street lamps every evening.

History

Archaeological excavations have shown that the western part of the Cathedral Island, between the Church of St. Martin and the Holy Cross, was the first area to be inhabited. The first, wooden church (St. Martin), dating from the 10th century, was surrounded by defensive walls built on the banks of the river. The island had approximately 1,500 inhabitants at that time.

The first constructions on the Cathedral Island were built in the 10th century by the Piast dynasty, and were made from wood. The first building from solid material was St. Martin's chapel, built probably at the beginning of the eleventh century by Benedictine monks. Not long after the first cathedral was raised, in place of the small church. Religious buildings appeared in the Cathedral Island because during the Congress of Gniezno in AD 1000, it was decided to create a bishopric in Wrocław.

In 1163 the settlement was raided by Boleslaw I the Tall who had returned from his banishment. After taking control of the area and waiting for the political situation in Silesia to stabilize, he chose the Cathedral Island as his new capital. He began replacing the wooden defenses with brick ones and build a Roman-style residence.

In 1315, the Cathedral Island was sold to the church. Since the island ceased to be under secular jurisdiction, it was often used by those who had broken the law in Wrocław, as a place of sanctuary. An interesting indication of the special status of the island was a ban on wearing any headdress by men, effective even on Tumski Bridge beyond the border pole of this small "ecclesiastical nation" (the law also applied to royalty).

In 1503-1538 Nicolaus Copernicus was a canon of the collegiate chapter of the Holy Cross in the Cathedral Island.

In 1766 in the Cathedral Island, Giacomo Casanova lived at the house of Father Bastiani.

In the 19th century, the Breslau Moat was being covered up, which connected the Cathedral Island with mainland Breslau and causing it to cease being a proper island.

Gallery

File:Dominsel Breslau.png, The Cathedral Island in the 18th century (by Friedrich Bernhard Werner)
File:Ostrow Tumski, Wroclaw (P1180414).jpg, St. Giles Church, built in the 1220s
File:Wroclaw-katedra Jana Chrzciciela.jpg, Wrocław Cathedral
File:SM Wrocław Kościół Świętego Krzyża ID 598588.jpg, Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew
File:Mikolaj Kopernik tablica.jpg, Memorial plaque to the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
File:Уроцлаўскія замалёўкі 17.jpg, Tumski Bridge
File:Św. Jana Nepomucena (4022236730).jpg, John of Nepomuk Monument
File:Wrocław Pałac Arcybiskupi z 1794r..JPG, Archbishop's Palace
File:MostTumski@2008~2010AndrzejJurkowski.jpg, The Cathedral Island as seen from the Sand Island
File:PL-DS, Wrocław, pl. Katedralny 14; Biskupi Konwikt Teologiczny Georgianum; A-1059.jpg, Wrocław Seminary, built in 1894
File:Wrocław - fotopolska.eu (269705).jpg, Monastery complex Sisters of Saint Elizabeth

See also

* Domfreiheit

References

External links

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Ostrów Tumski we Wrocławiu - Wyspa Katedralna

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrow Tumski, Wroclaw
Tourist attractions in Wrocław