Carl-Bernhard Brühl (5 May 1820,

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

– 14 August 1899,

Graz Graz () is the capital of the Austrian Federal states of Austria, federal state of Styria and the List of cities and towns in Austria, second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna. On 1 January 2025, Graz had a population of 306,068 (343,461 inc ...

) was an Austrian physician and

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old scien ...

known for his work in the field of comparative

osteology Osteology () is the scientific study of bones, practiced by osteologists . A subdiscipline of anatomy, anthropology, archaeology and paleontology, osteology is the detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth, microbone mo ...

. He studied medicine in Vienna, later spending several years as a practicing physician. In 1857 he was appointed professor of

zootomy Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old scien ...

and

comparative anatomy Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in t ...

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

. In 1861 he became a professor of zootomy in Vienna, where in 1863, he was named director of the zootomic institute. In Vienna, he conducted popular scientific lectures free of charge, a practice that was almost unheard of at the time. His lectures were also available to female listeners, causing a stir of serious controversy in academic circles.

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( ; ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies seen as originating fro ...

, in his 1925 autobiographical study, mentioned that it was hearing Brühl's reading of

Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

's "''Die Natur''" that persuaded him to enter medical school.

Selected works

* ''Die Methode des osteologischen Details : dargestellt am Karpfen-skelette'', 1845 - Method of osteological details; presentations of carp skeletons. * ''Anfangsgründe der vergleichenden Anatomie aller Thierklassen, zum Selbststudium'', 1847 - Basics of comparative anatomy in regards to all classes of animals. * ''Zur Kenntniss des Orang-Kopfes und der Orangarten'', 1856 - In regards to the knowledge of the

orangutan Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China. Classified in the genus ...

head and the orangutan species. * ''Das Skelet der Krokodilinen : dargestellt in zwanzig Tafeln zur Erleichterung des Selbststudiums, sammtlich nach der Natur gezeichnet, in Zink gestochen und erläutert'', 1862 - The skeleton of

crocodilian Crocodilia () is an Order (biology), order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles that are known as crocodilians. They first appeared during the Late Cretaceous and are the closest living relatives of birds. Crocodilians are a type of crocodylomorp ...

s, etc. * ''Zootomie aller Thierklassen für Lernende, nach Autopsien, skizzirt'', 1874 - Zootomy of all animal classes, according to autopsies. * ''Zur osteologie der knochenfische. Nach materialien aus dem pariser pflanzengarten'', 1887 - Osteology of boned fish.WorldCat Identities
Most widely held works by Carl Bernhard Brühl

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bruhl, Carl 1820 births 1899 deaths Scientists from Prague Academic staff of the University of Vienna Austrian anatomists Austrian zoologists Physicians from the Austrian Empire Physicians from Austria-Hungary