''Calamaria'' is a large

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of dwarf burrowing snakes of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest species of the family date back to the Oligocene epoch. Colubrid snakes are found on ev ...

. The genus contains 66 recognized

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

. The genus is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

Description

Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The eight to 11

maxilla The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The ...

ry teeth are subequal; the anterior

mandibular In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone ...

teeth are somewhat longer than the posterior ones. The head is not distinct from neck; the eye is small, with a round pupil; the nostril is pierced in a minute

nasal scale In reptiles, the nasal scale refers to the scale that encloses the nostril.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Sometimes this ...

. No loreal, internasal, or

temporal scales Temporal may refer to: Entertainment * Temporal (band), an Australian metal band * ''Temporal'' (Radio Tarifa album), 1997 * ''Temporal'' (Love Spirals Downwards album), 2000 * ''Temporal'' (Isis album), 2012 * ''Temporal'' (video game), a 200 ...

are present; the

preocular In scaled reptiles, the ocular scales are those forming the margin of the eye.Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. ''Handbook of Snakes''. Comstock Publishing Associates (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. . The name originates from the term ''oculus'' which ...

can be present or absent; the parietals contact the labials. The body is cylindrical, with smooth

dorsal scales In snakes, the dorsal scales are the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, but do not include the ventral scales. Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publis ...

, without apical pits, in 13 rows. The tail is short; the

subcaudals In snakes, the subcaudal scales are the enlarged plates on the underside of the tail.Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes. Comstock Publishing Associates (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. . These scales may be either single or divided (pair ...

are paired.

Species

The following 67 described species in the genus ''Calamaria'' are recognized as being valid. *''

Calamaria abramovi ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria abstrusa ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria acutirostris ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria albiventer ''Calamaria albiventer'' is a species of snake in the family Colubridae . It is found in parts of Peninsular Malaysia, possibly Singapore, and in Sumatra, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeas ...

'' *''

Calamaria alcalai ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria alidae ''Calamaria alidae'', commonly known as the Bengkulu reed snake, is a species of snakes in the family Colubridae. Etymology The specific name, ''alidae'', is in honor of Alida Brooks who collected natural history specimens in Sumatra with her h ...

'' *'' Calamaria andersoni'' *'' Calamaria apraeocularis'' *''

Calamaria arcana ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria banggaiensis'' *''

Calamaria battersbyi ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria bicolor ''Calamaria bicolor'' is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. Its vernacular names are two-colored dwarf snake and bicoloured reed snake. Geographic range The snake appears to be endemic to Borneo where it is widespread, being found ...

'' *'' Calamaria bitorques'' *''

Calamaria boesemani ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *'' Calamaria borneensis'' *''

Calamaria brongersmai ''Calamaria brongersmai'', Brongersma's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake famil ...

'' – Brongersma's reed snake *''

Calamaria buchi ''Calamaria buchi'', the Dalat dwarf snake or Buch's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the larges ...

'' *''

Calamaria butonensis ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria ceramensis ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the Family (biology), family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is Endemism, endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the follo ...

'' *'' Calamaria concolor'' *'' Calamaria crassa'' *''

Calamaria curta ''Calamaria curta'', the dark-bellied reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. ...

'' *''

Calamaria doederleini ''Calamaria doederleini'', Döderlein's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake famil ...

'' *'' Calamaria dominici'' *'' Calamaria eiselti'' *'' Calamaria everetti'' *''

Calamaria forcarti ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria gervaisii ''Calamaria gervaisii'', commonly known as Gervais' worm snake, is a species of relatively small-sized burrowing or fossorial snake in the family Colubridae. This Snake feed on Earthworms and can grow maximum of 1FT or 30CM in length Etymolog ...

'' *'' Calamaria gialaiensis'' *'' Calamaria grabowskyi'' *''

Calamaria gracillima ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria griswoldi'' *''

Calamaria hilleniusi ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria ingeri'' *''

Calamaria javanica ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria joloensis ''Calamaria joloensis '', the Jolo worm snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. Th ...

'' *'' Calamaria lateralis'' *'' Calamaria lautensis'' *''

Calamaria leucogaster ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria linnaei ''Calamaria linnaei'', the Linne's dwarf snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria longirostris'' *''

Calamaria lovii ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria lumbricoidea'' *''

Calamaria lumholtzi ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *'' Calamaria margaritophora'' *'' Calamaria mecheli'' *'' Calamaria melanota'' *''

Calamaria modesta ''Calamaria modesta'' is a dwarf snake species in the genus ''Calamaria ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Sp ...

'' *''

Calamaria muelleri ''Calamaria muelleri'', Mueller's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and P ...

'' *'' Calamaria nebulosa'' *''

Calamaria nuchalis ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria palavanensis ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria pavimentata The collared reed snake (''Calamaria pavimentata'') is a species of colubrid snake found in Asia. In Japan, it is also called Miyara's collared snake. Description The rostral is as deep as it is broad, and it is well visible from above. The fron ...

'' *''

Calamaria pfefferi Pfeffer's reed snake, ''Calamaria pfefferi'', is a species of dwarf snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Japan. Etymology The specific name, ''pfefferi'', is in honor of German zoologist Georg Johann Pfeffer.Beolens, Bo; ...

'' – Pfeffer's reed snake Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (''Calamaria brongersmai'', p. 39; ''C. pfefferi'', p. 205). *''

Calamaria prakkei ''Calamaria prakkei'', Prakke's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The e ...

'' *'' Calamaria rebentischi'' *'' Calamaria sangi'' *''

Calamaria schlegeli ''Calamaria schlegeli'' is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is known commonly as the red-headed reed snake, Iskandar D, Grismer L (2012)''Calamaria schlegeli''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 18 F ...

'' – pink-headed reed snake *''

Calamaria schmidti ''Calamaria schmidti'', known commonly as Schmidt's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Malaysia. Etymology The specific name, ''schmidti'', is in honor of American herpetologist Karl Patter ...

'' – Schmidt's reed snake *'' Calamaria septentrionalis'' *''

Calamaria strigiventris ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' – striped-belly reed snake *''

Calamaria suluensis ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...

'' *''

Calamaria sumatrana ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' *''

Calamaria thanhi ''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia. Description Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. T ...

'' Ziegler, Thomas; Quyet, Le Khac (2005)
"A new species of reed snake, ''Calamaria'' (Squamata: Colubridae), from the Central Truong Son (Annamite mountain range), Vietnam"
''Zootaxa'' 1042: 27–38. (''Calamaria thanhi'', new species). *''

Calamaria ulmeri ''Calamaria ulmeri'', commonly known as Ulmer's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Sumatra. Etymology The specific name, ''ulmeri'', is in honor of American mammalogist Frederick A. Ulmer, ...

'' *''

Calamaria virgulata ''Calamaria virgulata'', Boie's dwarf snake or short-tailed reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the ...

'' *''

Calamaria yunnanensis ''Calamaria yunnanensis'' is a species of snake of the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family ...

'' ''

Nota bene (, or ; plural form ) is a Latin phrase meaning "note well". It is often abbreviated as NB, n.b., or with the ligature and first appeared in English writing . In Modern English, it is used, particularly in legal papers, to draw the atte ...

'': A

binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Calamaria''.

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1896675 Colubrids Snake genera Taxa named by Friedrich Boie

Description

Species

See also

References

External links