Burhan C. Doğançay (11 September 1929 – 16 January 2013) was a Turkish-American artist. Doğançay is best known for tracking walls in various cities across the world for half a century, integrating them in his artistic work.

Biography

Born in

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

, Burhan Dogançay obtained his artistic training from his father Adil Doğançay, and Arif Kaptan, both well-known Turkish painters. In his youth, Dogançay played on the Gençlerbirliği football (soccer) team. In 1950, he received a law degree from the University of Ankara. While enrolled at the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

between 1950 and 1955, from where he obtained a doctorate degree in economics, he attended art courses at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. During this period he continued to paint regularly and to show his works in several group exhibitions. Soon after his return to Turkey, he participated in many exhibitions, including joint exhibitions with his father at the Ankara Art Lovers Club. Following a brief career with the government (diplomatic service), which brought him to New York City in 1962, Dogançay decided in 1964 to devote himself entirely to art and to make New York his permanent home. He started searching the streets of New York for inspiration and raw materials for his collage and assemblages. He began to think it was impossible to make a reasonable living as an artist. Thomas M. Messer, director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum for 27 years, significantly influenced Dogançay, urging him to stay in New York and face the city's challenges. In the 1970s, Dogançay started traveling for his ''Walls of the World'' photographic documentary project. He met his future wife, Angela, at the Hungarian Ball at the Hotel Pierre in New York. In 2006, a painting by Dogancay titled ''

Trojan Horse In Greek mythology, the Trojan Horse () was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer, Homer's ''Iliad'', with the poem ending ...

'' was gifted by the Turkish government to the

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. Dogançay lived and worked during the last eight years of his life alternating between his studios in New York and Turgutreis,

. He died at the age of 83 in January 2013.''Artnet: Chronology on Burhan Dogancay''
retrieved 30 April 2015

Artistic contribution

Since the early 1960s, Dogançay had been fascinated by urban walls and chose them as his subject. He considered them the barometer of societies and a testament to the passage of time, reflecting the emotions of a city, frequently withstanding the assault of the elements and the markings left by people. It began, Dogancay said, when something caught his eye during a walk along 86th street in New York:

It was the most beautiful abstract painting I had ever seen. There were the remains of a poster, and a texture to the wall with little bits of shadows coming from within its surface. The color was mostly orange, with a little blue and green and brown. Then, there were the marks made by rain and mud.

As a city traveler, for half a century he mapped and photographed walls in various cities worldwide. In this context, urban walls serve as documents of the respective climate and zeitgeist, as

cipher In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is ''encipherment''. To encipher or encode i ...

s of social, political and economic change. Part of the intrinsic spirit of his work is to suggest that nothing is ever what it seems. Dogançay's art is wall art, and thus his sources of subjects are real. Therefore, he can hardly be labeled as an abstract artist, and yet at first acquaintance much of his work appears to be abstract. In Dogançay's approach, the serial nature of investigation and the elevation of characteristic elements to form ornamental patterns are essential. Within this, he formulates a consistent continuation of decollagist strategies – effectively the re-contextualised deconstruction of positions related to the nouveau réalistes. Dogançay may have started out as a simple observer and recorder of walls, but he fast made a transition to being able to express a range of ideas, feelings, and emotions in his work. His vision continued to broaden, driven both by content and technique.

Walls of the World

In the mid-1970s, Dogançay embarked on what he thought of as a secondary project: photographing urban walls all over the globe. These photographs – which Dogançay called ''Walls of the World'' – are an archive of our time and the seeds for his paintings, which also expressed contemporary times. The focus of his "encyclopedic" approach was exclusively directed toward the structures, signs, symbols and images that humans leave on walls. Here he found the entire range of the human condition in a single motif, without any cultural, racial, political, geographical, or stylistic, limitations. Dogançay got to the heart of his exploration when he said:

Walls are the mirror of society.

Dogancay's consequential execution, his radical thematic self-limitation and obsession with capturing what interested him most is comparable to other "documentarians" such as August Sander (portraits) and Karl Blossfeldt (plants). His pictures are not snapshots but elaborate segmentations of surfaces, subtle studies of materials, colors, structures and light, sometimes resembling monochromies in their radical reductionism. Over time, this project gained importance as well as content; after four decades it encompasses about 30'000 images from more than 100 countries across five continents. In 1982, images from the archive were exhibited as a one-man exhibition at the

Centre Georges Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the (), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English and colloquially as Beaubourg, is a building complex in Paris, France. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of ...

, Paris; it later traveled to the Palais des Beaux-Arts,

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

, and the Musée d'Art Contemporain,

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Painting and collage

With posters and objects gathered from walls forming the main ingredient for his work, Dogançay's preferred medium has been predominantly '

collage Collage (, from the , "to glue" or "to stick together") is a technique of art creation, primarily used in the visual arts, but in music too, by which art results from an assembly of different forms, thus creating a new whole. (Compare with pasti ...

' and to some extent ' fumage'. Dogançay re-creates the look of urban billboards,

graffiti Graffiti (singular ''graffiti'', or ''graffito'' only in graffiti archeology) is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written "monikers" to elabor ...

-covered wall surfaces, as well as broken or neglected entrances, such as windows and doors, in different series. The only masters with whom he compares himself are

Robert Rauschenberg Milton Ernest "Robert" or "Bob" Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the Pop art movement. Rauschenberg is well known for his Combine painting, Combines (1954� ...

and Jasper Johns from the last heroic period of art, of which he was a part. Dogancay, however, has always preferred to reproduce fragments of wall surface in their mutual relations just as he found them, and with minimal adjustment of color or position, rather than to up-end them or combine them casually as in the Rauschenberg manner. In large measure his practice has been one of simulation in the spirit of record-keeping, carried out with the collector's rather than the scavenger's eye. In many cases, his paintings evoke the decay and destruction of the city, the alienated feeling that urban life is in ruins and out of control, and cannot be integrated again., retrieved 1 June 2015 Pictorial fragments are often detached from their original context and rearranged in new, sometimes inscrutable combinations. His complex and uniformly experimental painterly oeuvre ranges from photographic realism to

abstraction Abstraction is a process where general rules and concepts are derived from the use and classifying of specific examples, literal (reality, real or Abstract and concrete, concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods. "An abstraction" ...

, from pop art to material image/montage/

. In the 1970s and 1980s, he gained fame with his interpretation of urban walls in his signature ribbons series, which consist of clean paper strips and their

calligraphy Calligraphy () is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of giving form to signs in an e ...

-like

shadow A shadow is a dark area on a surface where light from a light source is blocked by an object. In contrast, shade occupies the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross-section of a shadow is a two-dimensio ...

s. These contrast with his collaged

billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertis ...

works, such as the Cones Series, Doors Series or Alexander's Walls. These brightly intense, curvilinear ribbon forms seem to burst forth from flat, solid-colored backgrounds. The graceful ribbonlike shapes take on a three-dimensional quality, especially as suggested by the implied shadows. This series later gave rise to alucobond–aluminum composite shadow sculptures and the series known as ''Aubusson Tapestries''.

Tamarind lithography

In 1969, Henry Geldzahler, then head of 20th Century Art Department at the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

, secured a fellowship for Dogancay at the Tamarind Lithography Workshop in Los Angeles. The workshop, founded by June Wayne, was a ten-year project, attended by approximately seventy artists – among them were Ed Ruscha, Jim Dine,

Josef Albers Josef Albers ( , , ; March 19, 1888March 25, 1976) was a German-born American artist and Visual arts education, educator who is considered one of the most influential 20th-century art teachers in the United States. Born in 1888 in Bottrop, Westp ...

and Louise Nevelson – between 1960 and 1970, conceived to promote

lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

in the USA. Dogancay created sixteen lithographs, including a suite of eleven impressions titled ''Walls V.'' These marked a turning point in his career as they are essentially a dialogue with flatness. At the workshop, in part because of the medium, he was obliged to relinquish his casual approach, inspired by his raw subject matter, in favor of organizing his work graphically. This imposed discipline helped him to create arresting new effects that led to more defined flat areas and brighter colors within the images. Dogancay created a new resolution between subject and method, and was a profound influence on his future evolution as an artist. A canon of high-colored tonality and visual impact has remained for him the essence of urban contradiction which he wants to share with viewers of his works.

Aubusson Tapestry

In Paris, Dogancay was introduced to Jean-François Picaud, owner of L'Atelier Raymond Picaud in Aubusson, France. Fascinated by Dogançay's Ribbons series and believing they would be ideal tapestry subjects, he invited Dogançay to submit several tapestry cartoons. In the words of Jean-François Picaud, "the art of tapestry has found its leader for the 21st century in Burhan Dogançay". The first three Dogançay tapestries woven in 1984 were an immediate critical success.

Art market

In November 2009, one of Dogançay's paintings, '' Mavi Senfoni'' (Symphony in Blue), was sold in auction to Murat Ülker for US$1,700,000. This collage relates to an impressive cycle of works within the Dogançay oeuvre, called ''Cones series'', that evolved as a development of his iconic Breakthrough and Ribbon series and as an exhilarating exploration of the urban space. Together with its two sister works, ''Magnificent Era'' (collection of Istanbul Modern) and ''Mimar Sinan'' (private collection), ''Symphony in Blue'' is one of the largest and most expressive works in which Dogançay enters into a dialogue with the history of

. It was executed in 1987 for the first International Istanbul Biennial. Istanbul Modern commissioned composer Kamran Ince to set ''Mavi Senfoni'' to music. The solo piano piece was premiered by Huseyin Sermet on 26 June 2012. In May 2015, Dogancay's painting ''Mavi Güzel'' (Blue Beauty) from the Ribbon Series sold for TL 1,050,000 (US$390’000) at Antik AS in Istanbul

Doğançay Museum

The Doğançay Museum is exclusively dedicated to the work of Burhan Doğançay, and to a minor extent also to the art of his father, Adil. It provides a retrospective survey of the artist's various creative phases from his student days up to his death, with about 100 works on display. Established in 2004, the Doğançay Museum in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district is being considered to be Turkey's first contemporary art museum. Doğançay's works are in the collections of many museums around the world including New York's

MoMA The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum as well as National Gallery of Art in Washington, MUMOK in Vienna, Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, Istanbul Modern in Istanbul,Today's Zaman''
, retrieved 9 June 2015

The Israel Museum The Israel Museum (, ''Muze'on Yisrael'', ) is an Art museum, art and archaeology museum in Jerusalem. It was established in 1965 as Israel's largest and foremost cultural institution, and one of the world's leading Encyclopedic museum, encyclopa ...

in Jerusalem and The State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

Works in public collections (selection)

* 1964: ''Billboard'', New York, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum * 1964: ''Yankees and Beatles'', London,

Tate Modern Tate Modern is an art gallery in London, housing the United Kingdom's national collection of international Modern art, modern and contemporary art (created from or after 1900). It forms part of the Tate group together with Tate Britain, Tate Live ...

* 1965: ''Eddie'', Vienna, Albertina * 1966: ''Peace of Mind'', Mannheim, Kunsthalle * 1966: ''Diner's Window'', Dallas, Dallas Museum of Art * 1966: ''J. Payn Window'', Minneapolis, Walker Art Center * 1969: ''New York Puzzle'', Stuttgart, Staatsgalerie * 1969: ''untitled'', Washington, National Gallery of Art * 1969: ''Walls V'', New York, MoMA * 1969
''untitled''
Cambridge/MA, Harvard Art Museums * 1974: ''Red and Black Composition No. 5'', New York, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum * 1975: ''White Cone & Shadow'', Basel, Kunstmuseum * 1977: ''Heart No. 26'', Saint-Paul de Vence, Fondation Maeght * 1979: ''Lofty Ribbons'', London,

British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...

* 1980s: ''Whispering Wall III'', London, V&A Museum * 1980s: ''#150'', Vienna, MAK * 1980: ''Long Lost Ribbons'', Vienna, mumok stiftung ludwig * 1980: ''untitled'', Bruxelles, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium * 1982: ''Ribbon Mania'', New York, The

* 1987: ''Magnificent Era'', Istanbul, Istanbul Modern * 1987: ''Symphony in Blue'', Istanbul, Yildiz Holding (Murat Ülker) * 1989: ''Kinder'', Hannover, Sprengel Museum * 1989: ''Neruda'', Stockholm, Moderna Museet * 1989: ''Versace Man'', Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum * 1992: ''I Am Really Old'', Salzburg, Museum oder Moderne * 1995: ''Tit Steaks'', Ann Arbor/MI, University of Michigan Museum of Art * 1997: ''Garden of Eden'', Munich, Pinakothek der Moderne * 1997: ''Push Love'', Saint Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum * 1998: ''Two Fine Red Lines'', Vienna, Albertina * 2002: ''Red Ada'', Geneva, Musée d'art et d'histoire (MAH) * 2002: ''Throw FD'', Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum of Art * 2008: ''Peace Partners'', Cleveland,

Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian art, Asian and Art of anc ...

* 2009: ''Rising Star'', Boston, Museum of Fine Arts Boston * 2011: ''The Days of the Fez'', Vienna, Albertina

Awards

* 2005 – Contribution to the Arts Award given by the International Contemporary Art Exposition, İstanbul * 2005 – Art Honor Award given by the Art Forum Plastic Arts Fair, Ankara * 2004 – Honorary doctorate from Hacettepe University, Ankara * 2004 – Painter of the Year Award given by Sanat Kurumu, Ankara * 1995 – National Medal for the Arts for Lifetime Achievement & Cultural Contribution given by the President of the Republic of Turkey * 1992 – Medal of Appreciation given by the Ministry of Culture of Russia * 1984 – Enka Arts & Science Award, İstanbul * 1969 – Tamarind Lithography Workshop Fellowship, Los Angeles * 1964 – Certificate of Appreciation by the City of New York

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions (selection)

*1976: Istanbul: Galeri Baraz. Burhan Dogançay *1977: Zurich: Kunstsalon Wolfsberg. Acrylmalereien und Gouachen 1966–1976 *1982: Paris:

. Les murs murmurent, ils crient, ils chantent ... *1983: Montreal: Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal *1983: Antwerp: International Cultural Center *1989: Tokyo: The Seibu Museum of Art–Yurakucho Art Forum. Dogançay *1992: St. Petersburg:

Russian Museum The State Russian Museum (), formerly known as the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (), on Arts Square in Saint Petersburg, is the world's largest depository of Russian fine art. It is also one of the largest art museums in ...

. Walls and Doors 1990–91 *1993: Istanbul: Atatürk Cultural Center. Walls 1990–93 (Organized by Yahşi Baraz) *2000: New York: The Brooklyn Historical Society. Bridge of Dreams. *2001: Istanbul: Dolmabahçe Cultural Center. Dogançay: A Retrospective (Organized by Dr. Nejat F. Eczacıbaşı Foundation) *2001: Athens, Ohio: Kennedy Museum of Art–Ohio University. Dogançay–Wall Paintings from the Museum Collection *2003: Siegen: Siegerlandmuseum. Walls of the World *2012: Istanbul: Istanbul Modern. Fifty Years of Urban Walls: A Burhan Dogancay Retrospective *2014: Istanbul: Dogançay Museum. Picture the World: Burhan Dogançay as Photographer *2016: Ankara: CER Modern. Picture the World: Burhan Dogançay as Photographer *2016: Essen: Museum Folkwang. New to the collection: Burhan Dogancay *2016: Taipei: Taiwan National Museum of History. Picture the World: Burhan Dogançay as Photographer *2017: Vienna: Albertina. Burhan Dogançay (works on paper) *2018: Leverkusen: Museum Morsbroich. Zeichen an der Wand

Group exhibitions (selection)

*1972: New York: Pace Gallery. Printmakers at Pace *1977: New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. From the American Collection *1983: Washington:

National Museum of Natural History The National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. With 4.4 ...

, Smithsonian Institution *1987: Istanbul: 1st International Istanbul Biennial *1999: New York: The Museum of the City of New York, The New York Century: World Capital, Home Town, 1900–2000 *2006: Fredonia, N.Y.: Rockefeller Arts Center Art Gallery. Connoisseurship *2009: Salzburg: Museum der Moderne. SPOTLIGHT *2009: Biel/Bienne: CentrePasquArt. Collage–Décollage: Dogançay–Villeglé *2009: Berlin: Martin-Gropius-Bau. Istanbul Next Wave *2010: London: British Museum. Modern Turkish Art at the British Museum *2010: Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center, Perlman Gallery. 50/50: Audience and Experts Curate the Paper Collection *2012: Vienna: Belvedere, Orangerie. Kokoschka sucht einen Rahmen *2012: Maastricht: Bonnefantenmuseum. Different Impressions, Changing Traditions *2013: Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Uncontainable Portraits *2013: Doha: Bahrain National Museum. Istanbul Modern-Bahrain *2013: Grenoble: Musée de Grenoble-Bibliothèque Teisseire-Malherbe. Les Mots dans l'Art *2013: Zurich: Museum Haus Konstruktiv. Hotspot Istanbul *2013: Minneapolis: Weisman Art Museum. Reviewing The Real *2013: New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Fifty Years of Collecting Islamic Art *2014: Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. National Pride (and Prejudice) *2015: Stockholm: Moderna Museet. A Larger World *2015: Leverkusen: Museum Morsbroich. Eddie Murphy und die Milk-Brothers *2016: Los Angeles: LACMA. Islamic Art Now, Part 2 *2016: Istanbul: Elgiz Museum. Faces & Masks *2016: Purchase/NY: Neuberger Museum of Art. Post No Bills: Public Walls as Studio and Source *2017: Minneapolis:

Weisman Art Museum Weisman Art Museum is an art museum at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Founded in 1934 as University Gallery, the museum was originally housed in an upper floor of the university's Northrop Auditorium. In 1993, the museum ...

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

from Minneapolis *2017: Wolfsburg: Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg. Im Käfig der Freiheit *2017: Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght. Is this how men live? *2018: Ankara: Evliyagil Museum. Icons of Thinking: Images and Texts *2019: Vienna: Albertina. Warhol to Richter *2019: Istanbul: Istanbul Modern. The Event of a Thread: Global Narratives in Textiles *2019: Wolfsburg: Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg. Now is the Time *2019: Geneva: MAMCO Musée d'art moderne et contemporain. Collection(s) *2020: London:

. Materials and Objects: Collage *2021: London: British Museum. Reflections: Contemporary Art of the Middle East and North Africa *2021: Zurich: Museum Haus Konstruktiv. Works on Paper from the Collection *2021: Ann Arbor/MI: University of Michigan Museum of Art. You Are Here

References

* Emslander, Fritz, Dogramaci, Burcu, "Burhan Doğançay Zeichen an der Wand", Wien, VfmK, 2018, * Schröder, Klaus-Albrecht, Lahner, Elsy, "Burhan Dogancay", Wien, Hirmer Verlag, 2017, 978-3777428871 * Köb, Eldelbert, Zuckriegel, Margit, Kushner, Marilyn, et al., "Picture the World – Burhan Dogancay As Photographer", Istanbul, Dogancay Museum Publications, 2014, 978-6056504303 * Calikogu, Levent, Giboire, Clive, Taylor, Brandon, Vine, Richard, Fifty Years of Urban Walls: A Burhan Dogançay Retrospective, Munich, Prestel, 2012, . * Piguet, Philippe, Denaro, Dolores, Collage-Décollage:Dogancay- Villeglé, Nürnberg, Verlag für Moderne Kunst, 2009, . * Taylor, Brandon, Urban Walls – A Generation of Collage in Europe and America, New York, Hudson Hills Press, 2008, . * Blanchebarbe, Ursula, Walls of the World, Bielefeld, Kerber Verlag, 2003, * Budak, Emel, Burhan Dogancay: A Retrospective, Istanbul, Duran Editions, 2001, * Vine, Richard, Burhan Dogançay: Works on Paper 1950 -2000, New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2003, * Lopate, Phillip, Bridge of Dreams, New York, Hudson Hills Press, 1999, * Moyer, Roy, Rigaud, Jacques, Messer, Thomas M., Dogançay, New York, Hudson Hills Press, 1986,

External links

Burhan Doğançay's Official Website
*

at th
New-York Historical Society
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogancay, Burhan 1929 births 2013 deaths Painters from New York City Turkish artists Turkish painters Turkish photographers Collage artists American people of Turkish descent Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière Ankara University Faculty of Law alumni Turkish men's footballers Men's association football forwards Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers People from Istanbul 20th-century Turkish sportsmen