Banda, Uttar Pradesh
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Banda is a city and a
municipal board A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
in Banda district in the state of
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in In ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. Banda is divided among north, east, west and south Banda. Banda lies south of the
Yamuna The Yamuna (; ) is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of Bandarpunch peaks of the Low ...
river in the
Bundelkhand Bundelkhand (, ) is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central and North India. It corresponds to the Post-Vedic Chedi kingdom. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Prad ...
region. It is the administrative headquarters of Banda District. The town is well connected to major cities with railways and state highways. The town is near the right bank of the river Ken, 189 km south-west of
Allahabad Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
. Banda was a town and district of
British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
, in the Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The population in 1901 was 22,565. It was formerly, but is no longer, a military cantonment.


History

Banda, which forms one of the districts included under the general name of Bundelkhand, has formed an arena of contention for the successive races who have struggled for the sovereignty of India.
Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao) Shamsher Bahadur I ( born Krishna Rao 1734 – 18 January 1761), was a ruler of the Maratha dominion of Banda in northern India. He was the son of Peshwa Bajirao I and Mastani. Early life Krishna Rao was the son of Peshwa Baji Rao I and his secon ...
was a
Maratha The Marathi people (; Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-A ...
ruler of the dominion of
Banda Banda may refer to: People * Banda (surname) * Banda Prakash (born 1954), Indian politician * Banda Kanakalingeshwara Rao (1907–1968), Indian actor * Banda Karthika Reddy (born 1977), Indian politician *Banda Singh Bahadur (1670–1716), Sikh ...
. He was the son of
Bajirao I Bajirao I (né Visaji, ; 18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740) was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He was appointed Peshwa at the age of nineteen by Shahu I, following the death of his father, Balaji Vishwanath. He is credited with establis ...
and
Mastani Mastani (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740) was either the daughter of Nizam Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad or Chhatrasal Bundela of Bundelkhand. She was the second wife of the Maratha Peshwa (Prime Minister) Baji Rao I. The marriage was arranged to ...
. He was bestowed upon a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and
Kalpi Kalpi is a historical city and municipal board in Jalaun district in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is on the right bank of the Yamuna. It is situated 78 kilometres south-west of Kanpur from which it is connected by both road and rail. History Th ...
. In 1761, he and his army contingent were involved (fought alongside the Peshwa) in the
Third Battle of Panipat The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghan (ethnonym), Af ...
between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg. Shamsher's successor Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the
Peshwa The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Empire, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary when Shahu gave t ...
'a Subedar of Banda. The descendants of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance towards the Maratha polity and his grandson, Shamsher Bahadur II, fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803.


Geography


Climate


Demographics

As per 2011 Indian Census, Banda has a population of 154,428, out of which males are 82,116 and females are 72,312. Population in the age group of 0 to 6 years is 18,621. The total number of literates in Banda was 111,432, which constituted 72.16% of the population with male literacy of 77.4% and female literacy of 66.2%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Banda was 82.1%, of which male literacy rate was 87.9% and female literacy rate was 75.4%. The
sex ratio A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, ei ...
is 881. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes had a population of 18,539 and 17 respectively. There were 27,987 households as of 2011.


Languages

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
and
Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
are official languages of the city.
Bundeli Bundeli (Devanagari: बुन्देली/बुंदेली) or Bundelkhandi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. It belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Western Hindi s ...
is natively spoken in Banda.


Government and politics


Civic administration

The city elects members to the Lok Sabha as well as the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (State Assembly). The city is under the jurisdiction of a District Magistrate, who is an IAS officer. The Collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The Collector is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city. The city is administered by the Banda Municipal Corporation with executive power vested in the Municipal Commissioner of Banda, who is an administrative officer. The corporation comprises elected members (corporators elected from the wards directly by the people) with City Mayor as its head. An Assistant Municipal Commissioner oversees each ward for administrative purposes. The Banda Police is headed by a Superintendent of Police, who is an IPS officer. The Banda Police comes under the state Home Ministry. The city is divided into several police zones and traffic police zones. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Banda Police. The Banda Fire Brigade department is headed by the Chief Fire Officer, who is assisted by Deputy Chief Fire Officers and Divisional Officers.


Economy

It contains an area of . In some parts it rises into irregular uplands and elevated plains, interspersed with detached rocks of granite; in others it sinks into marshy lowlands, which frequently remain under water during the rainy season. The sloping country on the bank of the
Yamuna The Yamuna (; ) is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of Bandarpunch peaks of the Low ...
(previously called Jamuna)is full of ravines. To the south-east the Vindhya chain of hills takes its origin in a low range not exceeding in height, and forming a natural boundary of the district in that direction. The principal river of the district is the Yamuna, which flows from north-west to south-east, along the north-east boundary of the district, for The black soil of the district yields crops of which the principal are millet, other food-grains, pulse, rice, cotton and oil-seeds. Banda cotton enjoys a high repute in the market. A branch railway from Manikpur to
Jhansi Jhansi ( ) is a historic city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. (Toshan) Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand, on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme ...
traverses the length of the district, which is also crossed by the East Indian main line to
Jabalpur Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative h ...
(earlier Jubbulpore). The BDA (Banda Development Authority) has planned to make one mall in town, the India Family Mart, a mid scale shopping store, is currently giving their service to the city.


Places of interest


Bamdeveshwar Temple and Mount

The temple is said to derive its name from Bamdeo Rishi, a sage mentioned in Hindu mythology as a contemporary of Lord Rama. Bamdeo is said to have had his hermitage at the foot of a hill. There is one big and old
Shivling A lingam ( , lit. "sign, symbol or mark"), sometimes referred to as linga or Shiva linga, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva in Shaivism. The word ''lingam'' is found in the Upanishads and epic literature, wher ...
is situated in the temple in the kho of Bambeshar Pahar.


Ken River


Bhuragarh Fort

Across the river Ken there are ruins of Bhuragarh Fort, said to be built with brown stones by Raja Guman Singh in the 17th century. This place was important during the freedom struggle. A mela is organised in this place called ‘Natbali Ka Mela’. The fort is situated at the bank of the Ken river. The historical importance of Bhuragarh Fort is related to Bundela reign, Kirat Singh, son of Jagat Rai, repaired Bhuragarh Fort in 1746 A.D. None Arjun Singh was the caretaker of the fort. In 1787 AD, Nawab Ali Bahudur I with the help of Kalinjar Bhatts defeated the Bundelas and captured Bhuragarh. He started a series of wars and extended his dominions from Kalpi to Kalinjar. He is called the Conqueror of Bundelkhand and his forces swayed into Orchcha and levied chauth for Peshwas of Pune. His thrust enabled Kalinjar Bhattas to march into Vindhya and defeat Rewa, Maihar, Vijayraghogargh and adjoining states. The Nawab died in 1802 A.D. and the majority of his hard earned land passed to the British. Banda became a gun salute state and started its modern approach under Nawab Zulfikar Bahadur. He established a modern education system and helped to renew the Banda administrations. He stationed the Kalinjar Bhattshahi in front of Banda railway station, Charkhari Battshahi in Choti Bazar and Jhasi Huzur in Bhuragarh fort hence creating Banda a hub of Maratha dominionation of the North. This was the golden period of Banda when culture and language were promoted. Nawab Tank was built in memory of Mirza Ghalib, who happens to be a blood relative of Nawab. Nawab started the Shazar stone masonry works and his rule was one of the milestones in peace and Maratha hegemony. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 started on 14 June. In Banda it was led by Nawab Ali Bahadur II. This struggle was much fiercer than expected and revolutionaries from Allahabad, Kanpur and Bihar joined the Nawab in fighting the British. On 15 June 1857, revolutionaries killed Joint Magistrate Cockrail. On 16 April 1858, Whitluck arrived in Banda and fought against the Maratha army of Banda, supported by Tatya on south and Kalinjar Bhatts from east. About 3000 revolutionaries were killed in the fort during this war. Nuts (people who perform acrobatic feats) from Sarbai sacrificed their lives in this war. Their graves are found inside the fort. The Nawab was dismissed from his possessions in Banda, imprisoned and sent to Indore jail. All his Banda dominions were passed to RaiBahadur Manvendrasingh Awasthi, an important minister of Kalinjar bhattshahi.


Gudha ke Hanuman Ji

This temple is situated in Gudha kalan and is about 40 km from Banda.


Jain Mandir

A historical temple in Banda city. It is located near Chhoti Bazar.


Kalinjar Fort

The most famous place to visit from the city is the ancient
Kalinjar Fort Kalinjar is a fortress-city in Banda district, India, Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was ruled by several dynasties, including the Gupta Empire, Guptas, the Pushyabhuti dynasty, Vardhana dynasty, the Chandelas, Vaghela dynasty, S ...
which is located south of Banda and is mentioned in the
Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...
.


Angleshwari Devi

There is also a temple on the top of a hill called ''Khatri Pahar'' at Shydha, which is located approximately 24 km from the city. The temple is dedicated to goddess Angleshwari (Vindhyavasini).


Maheshwari Devi Temple

This temple is situated at the middle place of the Banda city. There are many murtis of Devis and Devatas in the temple.


Nawab Tank

Nawab Tank, which was built to fulfill the water needs in Banda, is situated about 3 km south of Banda. This tank was built by the Nawab Maghrebi of Banda, and therefore it is known as the Nawab Tank.


Sankat Mochan Mandir

This temple is situated in Kachehari Road.


St. George's Church (also known as Pila Girja or Yellow Church)

St. George's Church, also known as the Yellow Church, established in 1835 AD, is the oldest church of Banda. Some records have been found that proved that Christianity was in Banda before 1809 AD. Yellow Church was built by Church of England in India for regular prayers of
Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholicism, Catholic heritage (especially pre-English Reformation, Reformation roots) and identity of the Church of England and various churches within Anglicanism. Anglo-Ca ...
(Anglican) Englishmen and their families living in Banda during British period. Earlier, the church was under the Diocese of Calcutta, but after 1893 a new Diocese of Lucknow was carved out from the Calcutta diocese. The church is dedicated to the British patron saint George the Martyr. The Church has many historic memorials of British officers who served in Banda.


St. Paul's Church (also known as Lal Girja or Red Church)

St. Paul's Church, Banda is second oldest church of Banda. This church was established in the 1911. This
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
style building can accommodate up to 250 worshipers during the time of service. This church is biggest church in the city and is the centre of worship from more than a century. The church was established to fulfil the spiritual needs of British and Indian Anglican Christians of town. St. Paul's Church is an important heritage for the district Banda, as it has seen growth of Banda from the colonial British cantonment to a developing city. The church is currently under the control of CNI diocese of Lucknow.


Transport


Road transport

The available multiple modes of public transport in the city are taxis, cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws. National Highway 76 (India) passes through Banda which connects it to
Jhansi Jhansi ( ) is a historic city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. (Toshan) Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand, on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme ...
and
Allahabad Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
. State Highway 92, connects banda to Fatehpur. state highway 76 connects to
allahabad Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
. National Highway 86 connects to
Kanpur Kanpur (Hindustani language, Hindustani: ), originally named Kanhapur and formerly anglicized as Cawnpore, is the second largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Uttar Pradesh after Lucknow. It was the primary ...
. Apart from the long-distance services, there are many services to nearby places within the state. There are a number of daily buses to
Kanpur Kanpur (Hindustani language, Hindustani: ), originally named Kanhapur and formerly anglicized as Cawnpore, is the second largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Uttar Pradesh after Lucknow. It was the primary ...
,
Allahabad Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
,
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
, Sagar,
Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...
,
Jhansi Jhansi ( ) is a historic city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. (Toshan) Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand, on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme ...
,
Khajuraho Khajuraho () is a city, near Chhatarpur in Chhatarpur district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the country's largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous ...
, in
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in In ...
and to many other states. You can also reach Kanpur by road Bara Galauli, Pailani Road.


Railways

Banda is served by
Banda railway station Banda railway station is a grade A railway station in Banda district, Uttar Pradesh. It is served by the Chambal Express. Free rail wire Wifi by Railtel is available at this station. The station is equipped with IP Based CCTV camera. Its code ...
, a Category ''A'' station, under the
Jhansi railway division Jhansi railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarters are located at Jhansi in the stat ...
of the
North Central Railway Zone The North Central Railway (abbreviated NCR) is one of the 19 Indian Railways, railway zones in India. The largest railway station in NCR is Prayagraj Junction & Kanpur Central as busiest. It is headquartered at Prayagraj Junction railway stat ...
. It is well connected by trains with all major cities namely
Kolkata Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary ...
,
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
,
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
,
Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...
,
Bhopal Bhopal (; ISO 15919, ISO: Bhōpāl, ) is the capital (political), capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. It is known as the ''City of Lakes,'' due to ...
, Bilaspur,
Gwalior Gwalior (Hindi: , ) is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; It is known as the Music City of India having oldest Gwalior gharana, musical gharana in existence. It is a major sports, cultural, industrial, and political c ...
,
Jabalpur Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative h ...
,
Raipur Raipur ( ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. Raipur is also the administrative headquarters of Raipur district and Raipur division, and the largest city of the state. It was a part of Madhya Pradesh before the state of Chh ...
,
Varanasi Varanasi (, also Benares, Banaras ) or Kashi, is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world.* * * * The city has a syncretic tradition of I ...
,
Agra Agra ( ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the ...
. The city is well connected to
Kanpur Kanpur (Hindustani language, Hindustani: ), originally named Kanhapur and formerly anglicized as Cawnpore, is the second largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Uttar Pradesh after Lucknow. It was the primary ...
,
Allahabad Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
,
Jhansi Jhansi ( ) is a historic city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. (Toshan) Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand, on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme ...
, and other neighbouring cities. The electrification of railway line was completed in 2019.


Airways

Kanpur Airport Kanpur Airport (), is a domestic airport and an Indian Air Force base that serves the city of Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at Chakeri, about from the city centre, and operates from a new civil terminal. It provides connectivit ...
is the nearest airport at around 125 km.


Education

* Banda University of Agriculture and Technology * Government Medical College, Banda is a state
medical college A medical association or medical college is a trade association that brings together practitioners of a particular geographical area (a country, region, province). In common-law countries, they are often grouped by medical specialties ( cardiolog ...
in Banda. * Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology, Banda * Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda * Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Post Graduate College Civil Line Banda


References


External links

*
Banda Local Directory
{{Authority control Bundelkhand Cities in Bundelkhand Cities in Uttar Pradesh