''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes trees, in the family

Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...

, native to southeast Asia. They occur particularly in the

rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...

s of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia,

Northeast India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , motto = , image_map = Northeast india.png , ...

, Bangladesh, the Philippines,

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

and New Guinea. The trees grow to 6–20 m tall. The leaves are alternate, 5–11 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with a short acuminate apex and an entire margin. The flowers are yellowish-green, produced in an

umbel In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin ''umbella'' "p ...

; the fruit is a woody capsule 2.5–3 cm long. The genus is best known, together with ''

Gyrinops ''Gyrinops'' is a genus of nine species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes trees, in the ''Thymelaeaceae'' family. They are native to Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. The genus ''Gyrinops'' is closely related to ''Aquilaria'' a ...

'', as the principal producer of the

resin In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on natu ...

-suffused

agarwood Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood or gharuwood is a fragrant dark resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small carvings. This resinous wood is most commonly referred to as "Oud" or "Oudh". It is formed in the heartwood of aquilaria trees when ...

used in aromatic incense production, especially ''

Aquilaria malaccensis ''Aquilaria malaccensis'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.Barden, Angela ( ...

''.Barden, Angela (2000) ''Heart of the Matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis'' TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, The depletion of wild trees from indiscriminate cutting for agarwood has resulted in the trees being listed and protected as an

endangered species An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inv ...

.Broad, S. (1995) "Agarwood harvesting in Vietnam" ''TRAFFIC Bulletin'' 15:96 Projects are currently underway in some countries in southeast Asia to infect cultivated ''Aquilaria'' trees artificially to produce agarwood in a sustainable manner. In Indonesia, for example, there have been proposals to encourage the planting of gahara, as it is known locally, in eastern Indonesia, particularly in the province of Papua.Theresia Sufa,
Gaharu: Indonesia's endangered fragrant wood'
''

The Jakarta Post ''The Jakarta Post'' is a daily English-language newspaper in Indonesia. The paper is owned by PT Niskala Media Tenggara and based in the nation's capital, Jakarta. ''The Jakarta Post'' started as a collaboration between four Indonesian med ...

'', 2 February 2010.

Species

*''

Aquilaria acuminata ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' , originally ''Gyrinopsis acuminata'' *''

Aquilaria apiculata ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria baillonii ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria banaensae ''Aquilaria banaensae'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Th ...

'' *''

Aquilaria beccariana ''Aquilaria beccariana'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which ...

'' *''

Aquilaria brachyantha ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria citrinicarpa ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria crassna ''Aquilaria crassna'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in throughout Southeast Asia and in New Guinea. Economics ''Aquilaria crassna'' is one sourceNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (ga ...

'' *''

Aquilaria cumingiana ''Aquilaria cumingiana'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipin ...

'' *'' Aquilaria filaria'' *'' Aquilaria grandiflora'' *'' Aquilaria hirta'' *''

'', , synonyms ''A. agallocha'' and ''A. secundaria'' *'' Aquilaria microcarpa'' *''

Aquilaria ophispermum ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria parvifolia ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *'' Aquilaria pentandra'' *'' Aquilaria rostrata'' *'' Aquilaria rugosa'' *''

Aquilaria sinensis ''Aquilaria sinensis'' is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is endemic to China. It is threatened by habitat loss. This medicinal plant is a source of fragrant wood, formed under a pathological condition, called ''Chen Xiang'' ( ...

'' *'' Aquilaria subintegra'' *'' Aquilaria urdanetensis'' (Philippines) *''

Aquilaria yunnanensis ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9319172 Thymelaeoideae Malvales genera