Al-Udri or Al-Udhri (in full ''Abu al-abbas Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Anas ibn Dilhat ibn Abu al-Jiyar Anas ibn Faladan ibn Imran ibn Munayb ibn Zugayba ibn Qutba al-Udri'', ar, أحمد بن عمر بن انس بن دلهاث بن انس بن فلذان بن عمر بن منيب العذري, 1003–1085), was an

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

Geographer, traveler and historian of

al-Andalus Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, ...

. He hailed from the Arab tribe of

Udra UDRA (União Desportiva Rei Amador) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the southern part of the island of São Tomé in the city of São João dos Angolares and plays at Campo de Rib ...

which had settled

Almería Almería (, , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies on southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city gr ...

. Born in

in 1003, Al-Udri journeyed to

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...

as a young boy. During his ten-year stay, he studied with Abu Dhar al-Harawi. Upon his return to al-Andalus he was apprenticed to Abu Umar Ibn 'Abd al-Barr and later

Ibn Hazm Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm ( ar, أبو محمد علي بن احمد بن سعيد بن حزم; also sometimes known as al-Andalusī aẓ-Ẓāhirī; 7 November 994 – 15 August 1064Ibn Hazm. ' (Preface). Tr ...

. He lived in

Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...

and was the author of a geographical-historical compendium about the

Taifa of Zaragoza The taifa of Zaragoza () was an independent Arab Muslim state in the east of Al-Andalus (present day Spain), which was established in 1018 as one of the taifa kingdoms, with its capital in Saraqusta (Zaragoza) city. Zaragoza's taifa emerged in ...

in al-Andalus, in which he gives the annals of the region. He is also the author of the family histories of the

Banu Qasi The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi ( ar, بني قسي or بنو قسي, meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius"), Banu Musa, or al-Qasawi were a Muladí (local convert) dynasty that in the 9th century ruled the Upper March, a frontier ter ...

, Banu Sabrit, and

Banu Tujib The Banu Tujib ( ar, بنو تجيب), the Tujibids ( ar, التجيبيون, al-Tujibiyyun, sing. Tujibi) or Banu al-Muhajir, were an Arab dynasty on the Upper March of Al-Andalus active from the ninth to the eleventh centuries. They were given ...

, which are now lost, but were cited by al-Maqqari. He is best known for the ''Tarsi al-akhbar'' (''Nizam al-murdjan''),''Al-Udhri'', L.Molina, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. X, 777. a history of the civil wars and rebellions on the

Upper March The Upper March (in ar, الثغر الأعلى, ''aṯ-Tagr al-A'la''; in Spanish: ''Marca Superior'') was an administrative and military division in northeast Al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coa ...

and the

civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...

in the

Taifa of Almería The Taifa of Almería ( ar, طائفة المرية, rtl=yes, ) was a Muslim medieval Arab kingdom located in what is now the province of Almería in Spain. The taifa originated in 1012 and lasted until 1091. In this period the city of Almería ...

Works

* "''Tarsi al-akhbar wa-tanwi al-athar wa-al-bustan''" (Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, 1965) relevant parts of which have been abstracted and translated by: ** E. Molina López, "La cora de Tudmir según al-Udri", ''Cuadernos de Historia del Islam'', 4 (1972), 7-113 ** Fernando de La Granja, ''A marca superior en la obra de Al-ʿUdri'', Estudios de la Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón, 8 (Saragossa 1967), 457-461 ** Jesús Lorenzo Jiménez, ''La Dawla de los Banu Qasi'' (2010, on source CD) * Biography of the

qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

Muhammad ibn Furtis * "Books of the characteristics of prophecy", about

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

and

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

, now lost * "The thread of pearls around the paths and the kingdoms", as Yaqut calls it, about geography Other translations which include al-Udri's include: * M. Sánchez Marínez,
Rāzī, fuente de al-ʿUdrī para la España pre-islamica
, ''Cuadernos de Historia del Islam'', 3 (1971), 7-49 * E. de Santiago,
Al-Rāzī, fuente de al-ʿUd̲rī. Dos precisiones historiográficas
, ''Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos'', 20.1 (1971), 103-8 * Sánchez Martínez, 'La cora de Ilbīra (Granada y Almería) en los siglos X y XI', ''Cuadernos de Historia del Islam'', 7 (1975-76), 5-82 * W. Hoenerbach, 'Observaciones al estudio La cora de Ilbīra', ''Cuadernos de Historia del Islam'', 8 (1977), 125-38 * E. Gálvez, 'Chorographia hispalense', ''Historia, Instituciones, Documents'', 9 (1982), 113-34 * R. Valencia, 'La cora de Sevilla en el Tarṣīʿ al-ajbār de Aḥmad b. ʿUmar al-ʿUdrī', ''Andalucía islámica. Textos y estudios'', 4-5 (1983-6), 107-43.

Bibliography

* Al-Udri: ''El palacio de Almotacín en Almería''
Islam y Al-Ándalus
* "Al-Udri"
Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa (GER) en línea
'. * Luis de Molina. “Las dos versiones de la geografía de Al-Udri”, ''Al-Qantara'', vol. 3, 1982, pp. 249–260 * José Ángel Tapia Garrido, ''Almería hombre a hombre'', Almería: Ed. Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Almería, 1979, , pp. 25–26

Works

Bibliography

References

See also