Amílcar Augusto Queirós de Sousa (; 1876–1940) was a Portuguese

medical doctor A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis ...

, and author of many health books, being the most famous ''O Naturismo'' (''Naturism''), published in 1912.

Biography

pioneer Pioneer commonly refers to a person who is among the first at something that is new to a community. A pioneer as a settler is among the first settling at a place that is new to the settler community. A historic example are American pioneers, perso ...

vegetarianism Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slau ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, he was the president of the first Portuguese vegetarian society, the ''Sociedade Vegetariana de Portugal'', founded in the city of

Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...

, 1911, and the director of ''O Vegetariano'' (''The Vegetarian''), a monthly magazine on vegetarianism. A native of

Alijó Alijó (), officially the Town of Alijó (), is a municipality in the Norte Region of Portugal, located in the district of Vila Real. The population in 2021 was 10,486, in an area of 297.60 km2. History There are several megalithic structur ...

, Sousa corresponded with many well-known personalities from medicine and science, such as the German naturalist

Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; ; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, natural history, naturalist, eugenics, eugenicist, Philosophy, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biology, marine biologist and artist ...

, the American

John Harvey Kellogg John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 – December 14, 1943) was an American businessman, Invention, inventor, physician, and advocate of the Progressive Era, Progressive Movement. He was the director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Cr ...

, and the French physician Paul Carton. He advocated a raw

vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slau ...

diet. He was also against

eggs An egg is an organic vessel in which an embryo begins to develop. Egg, EGG or eggs may also refer to: Biology * Egg cell, the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms Food * Eggs as food Places * Egg, Austria * Egg, Switzerland ...

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of lactating mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfeeding, breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. ...

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

and

alcohol Alcohol may refer to: Common uses * Alcohol (chemistry), a class of compounds * Ethanol, one of several alcohols, commonly known as alcohol in everyday life ** Alcohol (drug), intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages ** Alcoholic beverage, an alco ...

. He said that eating an egg was the same as ”eating a chicken embryo” and that milk was “not the food of man.” D. M. Richardson wrote in the magazine ''The Healthy Life'' (July, 1912): He was also a

pacifist Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''a ...

and frequently criticized

war War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organi ...

in his articles. He considered

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos (; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of P ...

to be the most notable philosopher of all time and wrote that

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Republic of Geneva, Genevan philosopher (''philosophes, philosophe''), writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment through ...

was the best educator, as in '' Émile, or On Education'', he valued education in contact with nature. He was also an active defender of the interests of Duriense Viticulture, arguing, in conferences and articles in the periodic press, for the creation of the Casa do Douro as one of the necessary bodies to guarantee the high quality of Port Wine and promote the expansion of its Trade. Sousa died in

in 1940.

Books in Spanish

Most of his books have been translated to

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

. Some of them are: * ''El naturismo'' La Gutenberg. 1913. Valencia. * ''La salud por el naturismo'' La Gutenberg. 1918. Valencia * ''Tesis médica naturista'' * ''La curación del estreñimiento'' * ''Catecismo naturista'' * ''El naturismo en veinte lecciones'' * ''Cómo detendremos la muerte?'' (with Capo, N.) * ''Tesis Medica Naturista''. Sauch. 1976. BarcelonaCatálogo general de libros Antiguos

Sources

* ''O Vegetariano: Mensário Naturista Ilustrado'', Porto. * ''Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira'', Edição de Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada, 1936, volume 29, p. 761. * ''Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira'', Edição de Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada, 1936, volume 34, p. 416. * Delmar Domingos de Carvalho, ''Vegetarianismo, a solução para uma vida e um mundo melhor'', Editorial Minerva, Lisboa, 2009
A fotografia como prova documental da robustez dos vegetaristas, vegetarianos e frugívoros

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sousa, Amilcar de 1876 births 1940 deaths Portuguese nutritionists Portuguese male writers Portuguese translators Portuguese non-fiction writers Raw foodists European pacifists 20th-century Portuguese physicians 19th-century Portuguese physicians 19th-century male writers 19th-century translators Portuguese vegetarianism activists Portuguese male non-fiction writers

Biography

Books in Spanish

See also

Sources

References