Adriana Olguín
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Adriana Margarita Olguín Büche (born Luz Adriana Margarita Olguín Buche; 18 November 1911 – 24 December 2015) was a Chilean
lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact nature of a lawyer's work varies depending on the legal jurisdiction and the legal system, as w ...
and
politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...
. She was the
Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...
during the rule of Gabriel González Videla, making Olguín the first female minister of Chile.


Early life and education

Adriana Olguín de Baltra was born in
Valparaíso Valparaíso () is a major city, Communes of Chile, commune, Port, seaport, and naval base facility in the Valparaíso Region of Chile. Valparaíso was originally named after Valparaíso de Arriba, in Castilla–La Mancha, Castile-La Mancha, Spain ...
in 1911 to Arsenio Olguín and Adela Büche. After studying in her hometown at the Liceo No 2 de Niñas, she joined the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences at the
University of Chile The University of Chile () is a public university, public research university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842, and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.
. Olguín completed her thesis in 1936, ''Legal Loopholes and Judicial Discretion''. Two years later she became a lawyer with "unanimous distinction". While studying at the university, she met her future husband, Alberto Baltra, with whom she had one son, Luis Alberto.


Career

After university, Olguín had a number of positions, both as a professional attorney for Valparaiso Customs and as a professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law. She was also politically active, having established the National Association of Housewives. Like her husband, she sympathized with the Radical Party, but was never an active member in it. She was appointed Minister of Justice in 1952, during the government of
Gabriel González Videla Gabriel Enrique González Videla (; 22 November 1898 – 22 August 1980) was a Chilean politician and lawyer who served as the 24th president of Chile from 1946 to 1952. He had previously been a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1930 ...
. Though she served only a short period of time, she is credited as being the first woman ever to hold a cabinet post in
Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...
. Shortly after Olguín's appointment as Minister of Justice, María Teresa del Canto was named Minister of Education (1952–53), though women did not play a significant role in Chilean government until the 1990s. Between 1946 and 1953 she worked in the Women's Bureau. In 1955 she joined the board of the Bar Association and during the 60's she was legal adviser to the Comptroller General of the Republic. She later joined the State Council convened by the military regime between 1981 and 1989.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Olguin, Adriana 1911 births 2015 deaths People from Valparaíso University of Chile alumni Chilean women centenarians Women government ministers of Chile Ministers of justice of Chile 20th-century Chilean lawyers 20th-century Chilean politicians 20th-century Chilean women politicians Female justice ministers 20th-century Chilean women lawyers Government ministers of Chile