The 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly below-average
tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dep ...
season, with 10 tropical cyclones occurring within the Australian region. It officially started on 1 November 2013, and ended on 30 April 2014. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 2013 and ended on 30 June 2014.
After two seasons with no cyclones of
Category 5 intensity, this season saw two of the ten named storms reaching this level:
Gillian Gillian may refer to:
Places
* Gillian Settlement, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
People
Gillian (variant Jillian) is an English feminine given name, frequently shortened to Gill.
It originates as a feminine form of the name Julian, Julio, ...
and
Ita. Of the two systems, Gillian rapidly intensified from a tropical low to a Category 5 in just 48 hours but caused only minor damage. Ita was ultimately the strongest and most intense system inside the basin and made landfall on the Far North Queensland coast near
Cooktown
Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repai ...
, causing minor damage but significant flooding. In addition, significant damage was also caused by
Christine
Christine may refer to:
People
* Christine (name), a female given name
Film
* ''Christine'' (1958 film), based on Schnitzler's play ''Liebelei''
* ''Christine'' (1983 film), based on King's novel of the same name
* ''Christine'' (1987 fil ...
in the towns of
Wickham and
Roebourne in Western Australia while
Fletcher
Fletcher may refer to:
People
* Fletcher (occupation), a person who fletches arrows, the origin of the surname
* Fletcher (singer) (born 1994), American actress and singer-songwriter
* Fletcher (surname)
* Fletcher (given name)
Places
Unite ...
dumped over 1250 mm of rainfall on the Queensland town of
Kowanyama, making it the fifth-wettest tropical cyclone in the country on record.
__TOC__
Seasonal forecasts
Ahead of the cyclone season, the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Australian(s) may refer to:
Australia
* Australia, a country
* Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia
** European Australians
** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists
** Aboriginal Au ...
(BoM), the New Zealand
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research or NIWA ( mi, Taihoro Nukurangi), is a Crown Research Institute of New Zealand. Established in 1992, NIWA conducts research across a broad range of disciplines in the environmental scienc ...
(NIWA) and various other Pacific Meteorological services, all contributed towards the Island Climate Update tropical cyclone outlook that was released during October 2013.
The outlook took into account the ENSO neutral conditions that had been observed across the Pacific and analogue seasons with ENSO neutral conditions occurring during the season.
The outlook called for a near average number of tropical cyclones for the 2013–14 season, with eight to twelve named tropical cyclones, to occur between 135°E and 120°W compared to an average of 10.
At least four of the tropical cyclones were expected to become category 3 severe tropical cyclones, while three could become category 4 severe tropical cyclones, they also noted that a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone was unlikely to occur.
In addition to contributing towards the Island Climate Update outlook, the BoM issued eight seasonal forecasts during October 2013, for the Australian region and the Southern Pacific with each forecast covering the whole
tropical cyclone year.
Each forecast issued took into account the current neutral ENSO conditions that were forecast to continue during the season.
For the basin as a whole they predicted that there was a 57% chance that the season would be near its average of around 11 tropical cyclones.
For the Western region between 90°E and 125°E, the BoM forecast that the area would see activity near to or slightly below the average of 7, with a 53% chance of an above average cyclone season.
TCWC Perth also noted that there was a likelihood of two tropical cyclones and a significant likelihood of at least one severe tropical cyclone impacting Western Australia.
For the North-Western subregion between 105°E and 130°E, it was predicted that activity would be near normal with a 55% chance of above average tropical cyclone activity.
The Northern Territory which was defined as being between as being 125°E and 142.5°E had a 52% chance of an above average season, with TCWC Darwin noting that all of the climate drivers were pointing towards a typical tropical cyclone season for Northern Australia.
The Eastern region between 142.5°E and 160°E had a 53% chance of having an above average tropical cyclone season.
The BoM also issued 3 seasonal forecasts for the Southern Pacific between 142.5°E and 120°W, one for the Western Southern Pacific region between 142.5°E and 165°E and one for the Eastern Southern Pacific region between 165°E and 120°W.
They noted that the tropical Pacific Ocean was currently experiencing neutral ENSO conditions which meant that there was no strong shift expected in the average location of tropical cyclone formation.
They also noted that there was nothing in the broad climate drivers to suggest anything, but a typical tropical cyclone season for the South Pacific.
As a result, they predicted that the region as a whole, would experience near average tropical cyclone activity during the coming season with a 48% chance of it being above average.
The Western region was predicted to have 56% chance of being above average while the Eastern region had a 47% chance of being above average.
During November 2013 the Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre (GCACIC), issued seasonal forecasts for the whole basin and one each for the regions to the east and west of 135°E.
For the overall basin they predicted that tropical cyclone activity in the entire Australian region was likely to be near normal with 13 tropical cyclones predicted to occur.
However, it was suggested that the season could be below average since the region had been in an inactive era since around 2000, and two of the indicators they had used to predict the season suggested below average activity.
For the Western region it was predicted that activity would be near normal with 9 tropical cyclones occurring, while the Eastern region was predicted to have 5 tropical cyclones occurring.
Seasonal summary
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text:"(For further details, please see"
pos:(713,23)
text:"scales
Scale or scales may refer to:
Mathematics
* Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points
* Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original
* Scale factor, a number ...
)"
Systems
Tropical Cyclone Alessia
The first storm of the season originated from a developing
low-pressure area
In meteorology, a low-pressure area, low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure areas are commonly associated with inclement weather (such as cloudy, windy, with possibl ...
south of
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...
in the Indian Ocean on 20 November. The system tracked southeastward, and organized only slowly due to moderate
wind shear
Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizon ...
. However, at 0600 on 21 November, TCWC Perth initiated advisories on Tropical Low 01U. Over the course of the next day, the disturbance continued toward the east-southeast into an environment more conducive for further intensification, and as a result, its structure began to improve. At 0900 UTC, the JTWC designated the system Tropical Cyclone 02S, noting that the storm's center of circulation had become better-defined, with an improved convection pattern. Three hours later, the BoM upgraded the low to Category 1 Tropical Cyclone Alessia. Tracking toward the east around the southern periphery of a
ridge
A ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for an extended distance. The sides of the ridge slope away from the narrow top on either side. The line ...
to the north, the abnormally small cyclone approached the
Kimberley
Kimberly or Kimberley may refer to:
Places and historical events
Australia
* Kimberley (Western Australia)
** Roman Catholic Diocese of Kimberley
* Kimberley Warm Springs, Tasmania
* Kimberley, Tasmania a small town
* County of Kimberley, a ...
coastline on 23 November.
Alessia remained a marginal Category 1 cyclone as it skirted the northern Kimberley coast, passing just south of Troughton Island before emerging into the
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf is a large body of water off the coast of the Northern Territory and Western Australia and part of the Timor Sea. It was named after Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon and King of Naples (1806-1808) and then Spain (180 ...
. The JTWC issued its final warning on 02S at 0600 UTC on 24 November, Increased wind shear took its toll on the already disheveled cyclone, leaving the system vertically decoupled; it made its final landfall near the
Anson Bay, Daly and Reynolds River Floodplains
The Anson Bay, Daly and Reynolds River Floodplains comprise some of seasonally inundated floodplains around Anson Bay, and the lower reaches of the Daly, Reynolds and Docherty Rivers entering the bay, on the west coast of the Top End of the N ...
area of the
Top End
The Top End of Australia's Northern Territory is a geographical region encompassing the northernmost section of the Northern Territory, which aside from the Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Australian continent. It covers a ra ...
midday local time on 24 November. According to the BoM, Alessia deteriorated below tropical cyclone status by 1200 UTC. Alessia reformed in the
Gulf of Carpentaria
The Gulf of Carpentaria (, ) is a large, shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the eastern Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea). The northern boundary ...
on 27 November, around 100 km northeast of
Borroloola
Borroloola ( local Aboriginal languages: ''Burrulula'') is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located on the McArthur River, about 50 km upstream from the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Location
Borroloola lies on the traditional c ...
. During the next day, Alessia moved ashore and turned towards the east. On 28 November, Alessia weakened below tropical cyclone intensity again, and turned towards the west again. On 29 November, Alessia completed a loop and re-entered the Gulf of Carpentaria. During the next several days, Alessia turned back towards the east, while continuing to weaken. On 1 December, Alessia moved over land once again, as the system continued moving westwards. Early on 2 December, Alessia was dropped from TCWC Perth's Tropical Weather Outlook, as the system dissipated.
Rainfall was unusually light for even a weak tropical cyclone, with no major rain totals after Alessia's first landfall. Rainfall in the Gulf of Carpentaria was heavier,
Centre Island recorded , the
McArthur River Mine and Borroloola .
Severe Tropical Cyclone Bruce
In mid-December 2013, an active
monsoon trough
The monsoon trough is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific,Bin WangThe Asian Monsoon.Retrieved 2008-05-03. as depicted by a line on a weather map showing the locations of minimum sea level pressure, and as such ...
became established over the eastern Indian Ocean, near southwestern
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
.
By 15 December, an
area of low pressure
In meteorology, a low-pressure area, low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure areas are commonly associated with inclement weather (such as cloudy, windy, with possibl ...
developed about 535 km (330 mi) northeast of the
Cocos Islands
)
, anthem = "''Advance Australia Fair''"
, song_type =
, song =
, image_map = Australia on the globe (Cocos (Keeling) Islands special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
, map_caption = ...
.
Scatterometer
A scatterometer or diffusionmeter is a scientific instrument to measure the return of a beam of light or radar waves scattered by diffusion in a medium such as air. Diffusionmeters using visible light are found in airports or along roads to measure ...
passes revealed a well-defined circulation while satellite imagery showed fragmented
convective
Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convec ...
banding features wrapping into the system. Situated to the north of a
subtropical ridge
The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges, or highs. It is a high-pressu ...
, favorable
diffluence
Deformation is the rate of change of shape of fluid bodies. Meteorologically, this quantity is very important in the formation of atmospheric fronts, in the explanation of cloud shapes, and in the diffusion of materials and properties.Djurić, D ...
supported convective development; however, concurrent moderate to high
wind shear
Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizon ...
mitigated this. On 16 December, the BOM began monitoring the system as a tropical low, assigning it the identifier ''03U''.
Tracking generally southwest over the following day, deep convection became increasingly organized around the centre of circulation and banding features steadily improved. Owing to this development, the JTWC issued a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
. Environmental conditions improved markedly by 17 December, with wind shear lessening and excellent
outflow
Outflow may refer to:
* Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy
* Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star
* Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system
*Outflo ...
into an
upper-level low
A cold-core low, also known as an upper level low or cold-core cyclone, is a cyclone aloft which has an associated cold pool of air residing at high altitude within the Earth's troposphere, without a frontal structure. It is a low pressure syst ...
over
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...
developing. Around 1800
UTC that day, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the system, designating it ''Tropical Cyclone 04S''.
Early on 18 December, the BOM upgraded the low to a tropical cyclone and
assigned it the name ''Bruce''. At this time, Bruce was situated roughly 210 km (130 mi) north of the Cocos Islands.
Near-gale-force winds were reported on the island despite its distance, indicating stronger winds were likely near its center. Maintaining a general southwest to west-southwest track along the subtropical ridge, Bruce steadily intensified. Increasingly rapid development took place later that day as the storm passed roughly northwest of the Cocos Islands. Periodic gale-force winds and heavy rains impacted the Cocos Islands;
a peak gust of was measured on 18 December while gusts up to continued into the following day. During the same period, a total of of rain fell. No damage was reported in relation to the storm. With elevated
oceanic heat content in the storm's path, Bruce attained severe tropical cyclone status — having sustained winds of at least — early on 19 December.
A broad, ragged
eye feature became apparent on visible satellite imagery that day, and deep convection soon consolidated around the eyewall. Around 1800 UTC, the cyclone crossed
90°E, leaving the BOM's
area of responsibility
Area of responsibility (AOR) is a pre-defined geographic region assigned to Combatant commanders of the Unified Command Plan (UCP), that are used to define an area with specific geographic boundaries where they have the authority to plan and con ...
and entering that of
Météo-France
Météo-France is the France, French national Meteorology, meteorological service.
Organisation
The organisation was established by decree in June 1993 and is a department of the Ministry of Transportation. It is headquartered in Paris but man ...
. At this time, Bruce was estimated to be a high-end Category 3 on the
Australian intensity scale with winds of and a
barometric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibar ...
of 961
mbar
The bar is a metric unit of pressure, but not part of the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as exactly equal to 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), or slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea le ...
(hPa; ).
On 25 December, the remnants of Bruce re-entered the Australian region basin.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Christine
On 25 December, TCWC Perth started to monitor a discrete center, that had developed within the broad monsoon circulation. Over the next couple of days the system intensified further and became a tropical cyclone on 28 December, gaining the name Christine. It intensified overnight and was upgraded to Category 2 status by the Bureau of Meteorology, before intensifying into a Category 4 system.
On 30 December, Christine made landfall near
Port Hedland
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...
, directly between
Roebourne and
Whim Creek
Whim may refer to:
* Whim, U.S. Virgin Islands, a settlement
* Whim (mining), a capstan or drum with a vertical axle used in mining
* Whim (carriage), a type of carriage
* ''Whim'', a reissue of ''Adventures of Wim'', a book by George Cockroft a ...
. The name Christine was retired and was replaced to Catherine.
Tropical Low 05U
On 10 January, TCWC Darwin reported that a weak tropical low had formed in the
Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea (or Arafuru Sea) lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
Geography
The Arafura Sea i ...
north of the
Arnhem Land
Arnhem Land is a historical region of the Northern Territory of Australia, with the term still in use. It is located in the north-eastern corner of the territory and is around from the territory capital, Darwin. In 1623, Dutch East India Company ...
. The low remained stationary on 11 January and continued to maintain its intensity. On 13 January, TCWC Darwin issued warnings for the coast of
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Au ...
. The tropical low crossed the coast early on 14 January east of
Darwin
Darwin may refer to:
Common meanings
* Charles Darwin (1809–1882), English naturalist and writer, best known as the originator of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection
* Darwin, Northern Territory, a territorial capital city i ...
and moved inland.
As the low moved south-west, it caused significant rainfall across vast swathes of inland Australia. Several sites in the Northern Territory and
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...
registered record rainfall totals, causing flooding in many areas.
Rabbit Flat in the Northern Territory received a record over a three-day period, while Lajamanu recorded . Over the border in Western Australia,
Halls Creek
Halls is a plural of the word hall.
Halls may also refer to:
People
* Walter Halls (1871–1953), British trade unionist and politician
* Ethel May Halls (1882–1967), American actress
* Julian Halls (born 1967), British field hockey player
* ...
received and Australia's hottest town
Marble Bar
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble is typically not foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the term ''marble'' refers to metamorphosed ...
, . Mines in the
Alice Springs
Alice Springs ( aer, Mparntwe) is the third-largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Known as Stuart until 31 August 1933, the name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William Whitfield Mills after Alice, Lady Todd (''née'' Al ...
district were isolated by floodwaters, while at
Fitzroy Crossing Fitzroy or FitzRoy may refer to:
People As a given name
*Several members of the Somerset family ( Dukes of Beaufort) have this as a middle-name:
**FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788–1855)
**Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset, 8th Duke of Beau ...
, the
Fitzroy River burst its banks, stranding tourists and locals alike. In the
Mid West
The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...
region of Western Australia, cattle stations were inundated with flood waters and some damage to farming infrastructure was reported. Overall however, rains were beneficial over north-west Australia, alleviating drought conditions, particularly in the Northern Territory.
The tropical low was forecast to dissipate by 22 January, however, the system continued moving into the southern region of Western Australia, dropping very heavy rain along the way.
Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is sometimes referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, as the surrounding urban area inclu ...
recorded in 24 hours, while the town of
Leonora received over a two-day span. Parts of the arid
Nullarbor Plain
The Nullarbor Plain ( ; Latin: feminine of , 'no', and , 'tree') is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to i ...
received more than an entire summer's worth of rain in 24 hours,
Eyre
Eyre may refer to:
Name
*Eyre (given name)
*Eyre (surname)
Places Australia National
*Eyre Highway, a highway connecting South Australia and Western Australia
South Australia
* Eyre Peninsula (disambiguation)
*Eyre, South Australia, a suburb
* ...
received ,
Forrest and
Cook
Cook or The Cook may refer to:
Food preparation
* Cooking, the preparation of food
* Cook (domestic worker), a household staff member who prepares food
* Cook (professional), an individual who prepares food for consumption in the food industry
* ...
.
Tropical Cyclone Dylan
On 24 January, TCWC Brisbane reported that the remnants of
Tropical Disturbance 10F had moved into the Australian region. Over the next two days, the system remained stationary south of the
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...
. On 27 January, it was upgraded to a monsoon low, as it slowly began to move south east. On 28 January, the system began to exhibit strong
convective
Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convec ...
banding and low wind shear combined with favourable
sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface temperature, is the ocean temperature close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between and below the sea surface. Air ma ...
s caused the JTWC to forecast
rapid intensification
In meteorology, rapid intensification is a situation where a tropical cyclone intensifies dramatically in a short period of time. The United States National Hurricane Center defines rapid intensification as an increase in the maximum sustained wi ...
of the system. However this did not occur due to dry air located in the southern Coral Sea, hindering the system's development as it continued to move south-east at around . By late 28 January, a cyclone watch was declared by the
Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together ...
for areas between
Port Douglas
Port Douglas is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia, approximately 60 km north of Cairns. In the , Port Douglas had a population of 3,504 people. The town's population can often double, however, with th ...
and
Proserpine. By 29 January, the low accelerated south-eastward slightly and continued intensifying, albeit slowly. Sea surface temperatures of assisted in the system's development and by 30 January, it reached tropical cyclone strength and was named Dylan by the BOM. Dylan began to shift south south-east, and a cyclone warning by the BOM was shifted south accordingly as Dylan continued to intensify. Late on 30 January, Dylan reached category 2 status while located north-east of
Townsville
Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With a population of 180,820 as of June 2018, it is the largest settlement in North Queensland; it is unofficially considered its capital. Estimated resident population, 30 ...
and was forecast to make landfall near
Bowen within 12 hours. Dylan made landfall on the Queensland coast between Bowen and Proserpine at around 3:30 am on 31 January, with the
eye
Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and conv ...
of the cyclone passing over the small town of Dingo Beach. In doing so, Dylan became the first cyclone to hit the coast of Eastern Queensland since
Yasi
The Young Actors Summer Institute is an arts enrichment summer program in New England. Held annually since 2005 at the Tony Award-winning Trinity Repertory Company, in Providence, Rhode Island, YASI is taught by the theater's resident acting compan ...
in 2011. Dylan quickly weakened to below cyclone status after moving over land and was dropped from all advisories by the Bureau of Meteorology and TCWC Brisbane while located near
Moranbah
Moranbah is a coal mining town and locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Moranbah had a population of 8,735 people.
In addition to the permanent population, Moranbah also has a large fly-in fly-out popula ...
as it was classified as a remnant low.
Despite making landfall on a heavily populated region of the Queensland coast, damage was minimal and mainly restricted to minor flooding associated with
king tide
A king tide is an especially high spring tide, especially the perigean spring tides which occur three or four times a year. King tide is not a scientific term, nor is it used in a scientific context.
The expression originated in Australia, ...
s. Several houses in
Townsville
Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With a population of 180,820 as of June 2018, it is the largest settlement in North Queensland; it is unofficially considered its capital. Estimated resident population, 30 ...
and
Mackay Mackay may refer to:
*Clan Mackay, the Scottish clan from which the surname "MacKay" derives
Mackay may also refer to:
Places Australia
* Mackay Region, a local government area
** Mackay, Queensland, a city in the above region
*** Mackay Airport ...
sustained minor damage from
seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has appr ...
inundation associated with unusually high tides, while a beachside resort on
Great Keppel Island
Great Keppel Island (''Woppaburra, Wop-Pa, Wapparaburra'') lies from the coast off Yeppoon in the Shire of Livingstone, Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Capricorn Coast of Central Queensland. The island's traditional owners are the Wopp ...
sustained severe damage to many structures after the beach gave way, washing several buildings into the sea. Rainfall was minimal for a slow moving tropical cyclone and mainly restricted to the southern cloud mass of Dylan.
Proserpine received ,
St Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence ( la, Laurentius, lit. " laurelled"; 31 December AD 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman ...
and Mackay . Despite being only away from Dylan's eyewall,
Bowen only received of rain, while
Yeppoon
Yeppoon is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Livingstone, Queensland, Australia. Yeppoon is renowned for its beaches, tropical climate, and the islands out on the bay. Located from the city of Rockhampton, Yeppoon is the seat of the ...
, almost away from the cyclone's eye received and
Rockhampton
Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region of Central Queensland, Australia. The population of Rockhampton in June 2021 was 79,967, Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. making it the fourth-largest city in the state outside of ...
recorded from
thunderstorm
A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are somet ...
s associated with Dylan's outer
rainband
A rainband is a cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated. Rainbands can be stratiform or convective, and are generated by differences in temperature. When noted on weather radar ima ...
s. Despite moderate to heavy rainfall totals, no flooding was recorded as the weather had been extremely dry in the few months prior to Dylan's landfall, and most of Queensland still remained in severe drought.
Tropical Low Fletcher
On 30 January, TCWC Darwin reported that Tropical Low 08U had developed within the Timor Sea.
During the next day the system moved over the Northern Territory and subsequently moved towards the east-southeast.
Over the next couple of days while the system was over land it maintained its structure, before it moved over the waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria during 2 February.
It subsequently strengthened into a category 1 cyclone, the Bureau naming it Fletcher. Winds reached its highest speeds of roughly 40 miles per hour but subsequently settled.
In the best track data post-analysis of the storm, Fletcher was not deemed to have acquired gale-force winds more than halfway around the centre, and was downgraded to a tropical low.
Tropical Cyclone Edna
During 31 January TCWC Brisbane started to monitor a tropical low that had developed within the monsoon trough, over the central Coral Sea about to the northeast of
Mackay Mackay may refer to:
*Clan Mackay, the Scottish clan from which the surname "MacKay" derives
Mackay may also refer to:
Places Australia
* Mackay Region, a local government area
** Mackay, Queensland, a city in the above region
*** Mackay Airport ...
in Queensland, Australia. Over the next few hours the system moved south-eastwards and rapidly developed further in an area of low vertical wind shear, while remaining offshore and producing gale-force winds for around 3 hours at Marion Reef.
As a result of these gale-force winds and a microwave image which showed atmospheric convection wrapping around the system's centre, TCWC Brisbane reported that the system had intensified into a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Edna.
The system subsequently started to weaken as increased vertical wind shear associated with an upper-level trough affected the system, before it weakened below tropical cyclone intensity later that day.
Over the next few days the remnant tropical low moved towards the northwest, before it turned and moved towards the north-northeast and the South Pacific basin, under the influence of a large stationary upper trough over the Coral Sea.
The system subsequently redeveloped into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, as it crossed 160°E and moved into the South Pacific basin, where it impacted the French Territory of New Caledonia.
Tropical Cyclone 09U
On 2 February the BoM reported that Tropical Low 09U had developed, to the north of the
Kimberley coast
Kimberley coastline (Western Australia) is a coastal region at the ocean edges of the Kimberley land region in the northern part of Western Australia.
It commences at the border with Northern Territory and ends at Wallal where the Pilbara ...
.
Over the next day the system moved east-southeast and crossed the coast of the
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Au ...
near
Wadeye
Wadeye ( ) is a town in Australia's Northern Territory. It was formerly known (and is still often referred to) as Port Keats. At the , Wadeye had a population of 2,280. Wadeye is the 6th most populous town, and the largest Indigenous community ...
about to the south of Darwin.
Over the next couple of days the low moved eastwards, before it was steered back westwards.
During 8 February the BoM started issuing tropical cyclone advisories on the system while it was located near Argyle, as there was a significant risk that the well-structured low could move over open water and rapidly develop into a tropical cyclone.
However, over the next couple of days the system started moving southwards over land and did not move over open water as predicted, with the tropical cyclone advisories cancelled as a result on 10 February.
The system subsequently moved eastwards, before it was last noted as it weakened during 13 February to the east of Carnegie.
After a careful reanalysis of the system's track data and observations, it was decided that the system had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone before crossing the coast during 3 February.
As the system moved through parts of the Northern Territory, Northern and Central parts of Western Australia, it produced strong to squally winds, heavy rainfall and flooding.
Within the Northern Territory, heavy rainfall over several days in association with the system, exacerbated existing flooding over the Darwin-Daly district and extended it into the
Victoria River.
Several trees and power lines were brought down by the squally winds in Wadeye.
Within the Kimberley some flood damage was recorded with 20 homes in the town of Kununurra in the north Kimberley affected.
Tropical Cyclone Hadi
On 27 February, Tropical Disturbance 16F entered the basin. It slowly organized and was designated 13U late on 7 March. Two days later, the BoM upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone, naming it Hadi. Hadi then weakened moving east on 11 March. During the next day, Hadi re-entered the South Pacific basin and was designated as Tropical Disturbance 20F. On 18 March, the system re-entered the BoM's area of responsibility, before dissipating on 20 March.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian
The BoM started to monitor a tropical low in the Gulf of Carpentaria on 6 March. Late on 8 March, the BoM upgraded it to an official tropical low. The next few days, the BoM upgraded it to Tropical Cyclone Gillian as it moved south. Because of two cyclones, Hadi and Lusi are close to each other, Gillian started to weaken to a tropical depression on 12 March as it began to move west. Early on 14 March, Gillian weakened to a tropical low as it moved north and weakened further because with less convection on 17 March. After the system affected the southern part of
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, it began to move west on 19 March. Late on 20 March, Gillian began to organize again as it headed towards warmer waters. On 21 March, the BoM re-classified the system as a Category 1 tropical cyclone. From 23 to 24 March, Gillian entered a
rapid deepening
In meteorology, rapid intensification is a situation where a tropical cyclone intensifies dramatically in a short period of time. The United States National Hurricane Center defines rapid intensification as an increase in the maximum sustained wi ...
phase, and eventually intensified to a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone. The next day, Gillian weakened to a Category 3 cyclone and moved south. Late on 26 March, Gillian rapidly weakened and the JTWC issued their final warning on Gillian, as its remnants continued to move south, before turning westwards on 27 March. Very early on 27 March, the BoM issued its final warning on Gillian.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita
On 1 April, TCWC Brisbane reported that a tropical low had developed near the
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...
. On 5 April, at least 16 people were killed by flash flooding from the tropical low in the
Honiara
Honiara () is the capital and largest city of Solomon Islands, situated on the northwestern coast of Guadalcanal. , it had a population of 92,344 people. The city is served by Honiara International Airport and the seaport of Point Cruz, and l ...
area. By 7 April, the death toll from the storm rose to 21. During the next several days, Ita intensified into a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone as it began to curve towards the coast of
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
. On 11 April, the storm made landfall north of
Cooktown
Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repai ...
as a Category 4 cyclone. Ita then rapidly weakened and was downgraded to a Category 1 on 12 April. Ita caused $1 billion AUD of damage, mostly to the agricultural industry. The cyclone also caused a rotavirus outbreak in the Solomon Islands. 40 people died from Ita due to the aforementioned rotavirus outbreak and flooding caused by the cyclone.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Jack
During 15 April, the BoM reported that Tropical Low 16U had developed, about to the northwest of Christmas Island.
Over the next couple of days the system moved south-westwards and passed about to the northwest of the
Cocos Islands
)
, anthem = "''Advance Australia Fair''"
, song_type =
, song =
, image_map = Australia on the globe (Cocos (Keeling) Islands special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
, map_caption = ...
, as it gradually developed further within a marginally favourable environment for further development.
During 18 April the environment surrounding the system became conducive for rapid development with the system rapidly consolidating as a result.
The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the low and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 24S, before the BoM reported during the next day that the system had become a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Jack.
The system continued to rapidly develop during 19 April and was classified as a category 3 severe tropical cyclone as it peaked with 10-minute sustained wind speeds of .
Other systems
During December 2013, an active monsoon trough to the north of Western Australia produced several areas of low pressure and Tropical Low 04U in the lead up to Christmas.
Tropical Low 04U developed within the monsoon trough on 22 December, within the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf to the northwest of Darwin, Australia.
Over the next couple of days the system was the subject of tropical cyclone warnings as it moved westwards, before it was subsequently absorbed by a broader monsoon circulation, which eventually developed into
Severe Tropical Cyclone Christine.
On 7 February, TCWC Darwin started to monitor a tropical low that was located about 30 km (19 mi) to the southeast of
Kununurra, Western Australia
Kununurra is a town in far northern Western Australia located at the eastern extremity of the Kimberley approximately from the border with the Northern Territory. Kununurra was initiated to service the Ord River Irrigation Scheme.
Kununurra ...
. Moving southwestwards inland, TCWC Darwin issued its final bulletin on 10 February. On 20 February, TCWC Darwin reported that a weak tropical low had formed in the southeastern
Gulf of Carpentaria
The Gulf of Carpentaria (, ) is a large, shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the eastern Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea). The northern boundary ...
.
On 28 February, TCWC Brisbane reported that a weak tropical low had developed south of the
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...
. The weak tropical low drifted in a westward direction until TCWC Brisbane made its final advisory on 2 March. On 21 April, TCWC Darwin reported that a weak tropical low had formed in the northern
Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea (or Arafuru Sea) lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
Geography
The Arafura Sea i ...
. On 26 April, the system dissipated, and consequently, TCWC Darwin dropped the storm from their Tropical Weather Outlook.
Storm names
During the season a total of 10 tropical cyclones received a name from BoM, either by
TCWC
A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as ...
Perth
Perth is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the Australian states and territories of Australia, state of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth most populous city in Aust ...
,
Darwin
Darwin may refer to:
Common meanings
* Charles Darwin (1809–1882), English naturalist and writer, best known as the originator of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection
* Darwin, Northern Territory, a territorial capital city i ...
, or
Brisbane
Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
, when the system was judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of . There has only been one list that the
Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together ...
have assigned names to tropical cyclones since the 2008–09 season. Tropical cyclones named by the TCWC
Jakarta and
Port Moresby
(; Tok Pisin: ''Pot Mosbi''), also referred to as Pom City or simply Moresby, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea. It is one of the largest cities in the southwestern Pacific (along with Jayapura) outside of Australia and New ...
are rare, with the last named cyclones occurring during
2010
File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
and
2007
File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
, respectively.
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s)–denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2014 AUD and USD.
, -
,
Alessia
Alessia is an Italian given name, the feminine form of the male given name Alessio, the Italian form of Alexius. It is a popular name for females in Italy and was the second most popular name for Italian girls born in 2006. The name may mean ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Category 1 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland , , , , , ,
, -
, Bruce , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 3 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Cocos Islands , , None , , None , ,
, -
,
Christine
Christine may refer to:
People
* Christine (name), a female given name
Film
* ''Christine'' (1958 film), based on Schnitzler's play ''Liebelei''
* ''Christine'' (1983 film), based on King's novel of the same name
* ''Christine'' (1987 fil ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Category 4 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria , , Minor , , Minor , , None , ,
, -
, 05U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Northern Territory, Western Australia , , None , , None , ,
, -
, Dylan , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 2 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Queensland , , , , , ,
, -
,
Fletcher
Fletcher may refer to:
People
* Fletcher (occupation), a person who fletches arrows, the origin of the surname
* Fletcher (singer) (born 1994), American actress and singer-songwriter
* Fletcher (surname)
* Fletcher (given name)
Places
Unite ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Northern Australia , , None , , None , ,
, -
, 09U , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 2 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Northern Territory, Western Australia , , , , , ,
, -
, Edna , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 1 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Queensland, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia , , , , , ,
, -
, 11U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Northern Territory , , None , , None , , None , ,
, -
, 12U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , None , ,
, -
, Hadi , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 1 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Queensland, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu , , , , , ,
, -
,
Gillian Gillian may refer to:
Places
* Gillian Settlement, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
People
Gillian (variant Jillian) is an English feminine given name, frequently shortened to Gill.
It originates as a feminine form of the name Julian, Julio, ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Category 5 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Queensland, Northern Territory, East Timor, Indonesia, Christmas Island , , Minor , , Minor , , None , ,
, -
,
Ita , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 5 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New Zealand , , $ , , $ , , , ,
, -
, Jack , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 3 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Cocos Islands , , None , , None , , None , ,
, -
, 17U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , None , , None , ,
, -
See also
* Tropical cyclones in
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
and
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
*
Australian region tropical cyclone
An Australian region tropical cyclone is a non- frontal, low-pressure system that has developed within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in either the Southern Indian Ocean or the South Pacific O ...
*
List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
Lists of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons provides regional indexes to lists of articles about tropical cyclone seasons that occurred in the Southern Hemisphere.
They include:
*South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
** South-West ...
*Atlantic hurricane seasons:
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
*Pacific hurricane seasons:
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
*Pacific typhoon seasons:
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
*North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons:
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
*
2013–14 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 2013–14 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an above average event in tropical cyclone formation. The season officially began on July 1, 2013, though the first tropical system designated by Météo-France was a short-lived tropic ...
*
2013–14 South Pacific cyclone season
The 2013–14 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly below average tropical cyclone season, with six tropical cyclones occurring within the basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season ran from November 1, 2013, to April 30, 2014, however, th ...
References
External links
Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)
{{DEFAULTSORT:2013-14 Australian Region Cyclone Season
Australian region cyclone seasons
2013 Aus
2014 Aus