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Pre-1600

*
509 BC __NOTOC__ The year 509 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Republic it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Brutus and Collatinus (or, less frequently, year 245 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 509 BC for thi ...
Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the
Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...
after his victory over the deposed king
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning 25 years until the popular uprising that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.Livy, ''ab urbe condita libri'', wikisource:From_the_ ...
at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor
Diocletian Diocletian ( ; ; ; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Diocles to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia. As with other Illyri ...
and
Maximian Maximian (; ), nicknamed Herculius, was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his co-emperor and superior, Diocleti ...
appoint
Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius ( – 25 July 306), also called Constantius I, was a Roman emperor from 305 to 306. He was one of the four original members of the Tetrarchy established by Diocletian, first serving as Caesar (title), ''caesar'' ...
and
Galerius Galerius Valerius Maximianus (; Greek: Γαλέριος; 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. He participated in the system of government later known as the Tetrarchy, first acting as '' caesar'' under Emperor Diocletian. In th ...
as
Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war. He ...
s. This is considered the beginning of the
Tetrarchy The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the ''augusti'', and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the ''caesares''. I ...
, known as the ''Quattuor Principes Mundi'' ("Four Rulers of the World"). *
350 __NOTOC__ Year 350 ( CCCL) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Nigrinianus (or, less frequently, year 1103 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 3 ...
Vetranio Vetranio (died ) was briefly an imperial usurper and emperor in the Roman Empire in 350, during which time he controlled Illyricum between the rival emperors Magnus Magnentius and Constantius II, eventually capitulating to the latter. Life ...
proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by
Constantina Flavia Valeria Constantina (also sometimes called ''Constantia'' and ''Constantiana''; ; b. after 307/before 317 – d. 354), later known as Saint Constance, was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great and his second wife Faust ...
, sister of
Constantius II Constantius II (; ; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic peoples, while internally the Roman Empire went through repeated civ ...
. * 834 – Emperor
Louis the Pious Louis the Pious (; ; ; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only ...
is restored as sole ruler of the
Frankish Empire The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lomba ...
. *
1476 Year 1476 ( MCDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 1 – Battle of Toro ( War of the Castilian Succession): Although militarily inconclusive, this ensures the Catho ...
– Forces of the
Catholic Monarchs The Catholic Monarchs were Isabella I of Castile, Queen Isabella I of Crown of Castile, Castile () and Ferdinand II of Aragon, King Ferdinand II of Crown of Aragón, Aragon (), whose marriage and joint rule marked the ''de facto'' unification of ...
engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the
Battle of Toro The Battle of Toro was part of the War of the Castilian Succession, fought on 1 March 1476, near the city of Toro, between the Castilian-Aragonese troops of the Catholic Monarchs and the Portuguese-Castilian forces of Afonso V and Prince Joh ...
. *
1562 __NOTOC__ Year 1562 ( MDLXII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 6 – Shane O'Neill of Tír Eoghain pleads his cause at the Palace of Whitehall in London, before Qu ...
– Sixty-three
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...
s are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the
French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholic Church, Catholics and Protestantism, Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease di ...
.


1601–1900

*
1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 Islamic calendar, A.H.) The reign of Shahryar Mirza, Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than tw ...
– Writs issued in February by
Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland from 27 March 1625 until Execution of Charles I, his execution in 1649. Charles was born ...
mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay
ship tax Ship money was a tax of medieval origin levied intermittently in the Kingdom of England until the middle of the 17th century. Assessed typically on the inhabitants of coastal areas of England, it was one of several taxes that English monarchs cou ...
by this date. *
1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, wher ...
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; 13 August 1574#Fichier]For a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see #Ritch, RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December ...
reclaims his role as commander of
New France New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...
on behalf of
Cardinal Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), commonly known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a Catholic Church in France, French Catholic prelate and statesman who had an outsized influence in civil and religi ...
. *
1692 Events January–March * January 24 – At least 75 residents of what is now York, Maine are killed in the Raid on York (1692), Candlemas Massacre, carried out by French soldiers led by missionary Louis-Pierre Thury, along with a ...
Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the
Salem witch trials The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in Province of Massachusetts Bay, colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. More than 200 people were accused. Not everyone wh ...
. *
1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens ...
– The
Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, officially the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement and early body of law in the Thirteen Colonies, which served as the nation's first Constitution, frame of government during the Ameri ...
goes into effect in the United States.; *
1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital of Upper Can ...
– The
Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...
is nationalized by the
Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic (; ) was the Succession of states, successor state to the Dutch Republic, Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 after the Batavian Revolution and ended on 5 June 1806, with the acce ...
. * 1805 – Justice
Samuel Chase Samuel Chase (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father of the United States, signer of the Continental Association and United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryla ...
is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial before the U.S. Senate. *
1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón ...
Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
ian ruler
Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and social activist. A global cultural icon, widely known by the nickname "The Greatest", he is often regarded as the gr ...
. *
1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
returns to France from his banishment on
Elba Elba (, ; ) is a Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, a ...
. *
1836 Events January–March * January 1 — Hill Street Academy is named Colombo Academy and acquired by the Government, establishing the first public school in Sri Lanka. * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand ...
– A convention of delegates from 57
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
communities convenes in
Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas Washington-on-the-Brazos is an unincorporated community along the Brazos River in Washington County, Texas, United States. The town is best known for being the site of the Convention of 1836 and the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independ ...
, to deliberate independence from Mexico. *
1845 Events January–March * January 1 – The Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General Narciso ...
– United States President
John Tyler John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States, serving from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president of the United States, vice president in 1841. He was elected ...
signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the
Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas (), or simply Texas, was a country in North America that existed for close to 10 years, from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. Texas shared borders with Centralist Republic of Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande, an ...
. *
1867 There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased territory of Alaska. When the territory transferred from the Russian Empire to the United States, the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 1 ...
Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...
is admitted as the 37th
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...
. *
1870 Events January * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge be ...
– Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the
Paraguayan War The Paraguayan War (, , ), also known as the War of the Triple Alliance (, , ), was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It wa ...
. *
1871 Events January–March * January 3 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Bapaume – Prussians win a strategic victory. * January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sout ...
– The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the
Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...
. *
1872 Events January * January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years. *January 20 – The Cavite mutiny was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort S ...
Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States located in the northwest corner of Wyoming, with small portions extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U ...
is established as the world's first
national park A national park is a nature park designated for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance. It is an area of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that is protecte ...
. * 1893 – Electrical engineer
Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla (;"Tesla"
. ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.
; 10 July 1856 – 7 ...
gives the first public demonstration of
radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3  hertz (Hz) and 300  gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...
in St. Louis,
Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...
. * 1896Battle of Adwa: An
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
n army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the
First Italo-Ethiopian War The First Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the First Italo-Abyssinian War, or simply known as the Abyssinian War in Italy (), was a military confrontation fought between Kingdom of Italy, Italy and Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia from 1895 to ...
. * 1896 –
Henri Becquerel Antoine Henri Becquerel ( ; ; 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French nuclear physicist who shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Marie and Pierre Curie for his discovery of radioactivity. Biography Family and education Becq ...
discovers
radioactive decay Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is conside ...
.


1901–present

* 1901 – The
Australian Army The Australian Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of Australia. It is a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army ...
is formed. * 1910 – The deadliest
avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a Grade (slope), slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, othe ...
in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern
King County, Washington King County is a County (United States), county located in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of counties in Washington, most populo ...
, killing 96 people. *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
joins the
Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations and facilitates a uniform worldwide postal system. It has 192 member states and is headquartered in Be ...
. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text. * 1919
March 1st Movement The March First Movement was a series of protests against Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese colonial rule that was held throughout Korea and internationally by the Korean diaspora beginning on March 1, 1919. Protests were largely concentrated in ...
begins in
Korea under Japanese rule From 1910 to 1945, Korea was ruled by the Empire of Japan under the name Chōsen (), the Japanese reading of "Joseon". Japan first took Korea into its sphere of influence during the late 1800s. Both Korea (Joseon) and Japan had been under polic ...
. *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
– The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a
whitewash Whitewash, calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, asbestis or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or chalk (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes ...
of
The Ashes The Ashes is a Test cricket series played biennially between England and Australia. The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, '' The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, ...
, something that would not be repeated for 86 years. * 1921 – Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the
RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
, the
Kronstadt rebellion The Kronstadt rebellion () was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors, Marines, naval infantry, and civilians against the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik government in the Russian port city of Kronstadt. Located on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, ...
begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the
Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...
. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– Aviator
Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, and author. On May 20–21, 1927, he made the first nonstop flight from New York (state), New York to Paris, a distance of . His aircra ...
's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
– An
Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...
ammunition dump explodes at
Hirakata, Osaka 260px, Hirakata Park is a city in northeastern Osaka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 397,681 in 183075 households and a population density of 6100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Geography Hirakat ...
, Japan, killing 94. *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
:
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
signs the
Tripartite Pact The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano, and Saburō Kurusu (in that order) and in the ...
, allying itself with the
Axis powers The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was the military coalition which initiated World War II and fought against the Allies of World War II, Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Ge ...
. *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– World War II: Japanese forces land on
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
, the main island of the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
, at Merak and Banten Bay (
Banten Banten (, , Pegon alphabet, Pegon: بنتن) is the westernmost Provinces of Indonesia, province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang and its largest city is Tangerang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capi ...
), Eretan Wetan ( Indramayu) and Kragan ( Rembang). *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– The
Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the Kingdom of England, English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one ...
is nationalised. *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
– The
International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of las ...
begins financial operations. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...
Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
:
Klaus Fuchs Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs (29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British, and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly a ...
is convicted of spying for the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
by disclosing top secret
atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear weapon), producing a nuclear expl ...
data. *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
– Soviet Premier
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later. *
1954 Events January * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...
Nuclear weapons testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance of nuclear weapons and the effects of Nuclear explosion, their explosion. Nuclear testing is a sensitive political issue. Governments have often performed tests to si ...
: The
Castle Bravo Castle Bravo was the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, as part of ''Operation Castle''. Detonated on 1 March 1954, the device remains the most powe ...
, a 15- megaton
hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lo ...
, is detonated on
Bikini Atoll Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese language, Marshallese: , , ), known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 19th century and 1946, is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. The atoll is at the no ...
in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst
radioactive contamination Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of Radioactive decay, radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is uni ...
ever caused by the United States. * 1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the
United States Capitol The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the Seat of government, seat of the United States Congress, the United States Congress, legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, federal g ...
building, injuring five Representatives. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– The
International Air Transport Association The International Air Transport Association (IATA ) is an airline trade association founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff conferences tha ...
finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the
International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sch ...
. * 1956 – Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee. * 1958Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the
Roman Curia The Roman Curia () comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Catholic Church are conducted. The Roman Curia is the institution of which the Roman Pontiff ordinarily makes use ...
. * 1961
Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...
becomes self-governing and holds its first elections. *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
Villarrica Volcano begins a
strombolian eruption In volcanology, a Strombolian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions consist of ejection of incandescent Scoria, cinders, lapilli, and vo ...
causing
lahar A lahar (, from ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of Pyroclastic rock, pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a valley, river valley. Lahars are o ...
s that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe. *1964 – Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near
Lake Tahoe Lake Tahoe (; Washo language, Washo: ''dáʔaw'') is a Fresh water, freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the Western United States, straddling the border between California and Nevada. Lying at above sea level, Lake Tahoe is the largest a ...
, Nevada, killing 85. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
Venera 3
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
space probe Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board. Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy from human input, such as remote control, or remote guidance. They may also be autonomous, in which th ...
crashes on
Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is often called Earth's "twin" or "sister" planet for having almost the same size and mass, and the closest orbit to Earth's. While both are rocky planets, Venus has an atmosphere much thicker ...
becoming the first
spacecraft A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed spaceflight, to fly and operate in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including Telecommunications, communications, Earth observation satellite, Earth observation, Weather s ...
to land on another
planet A planet is a large, Hydrostatic equilibrium, rounded Astronomical object, astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself. The Solar System has eight planets b ...
's surface. * 1966 – The
Ba'ath Party The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ( ' ), also known simply as Bath Party (), was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi. The party espoused Ba'athism, which is an ideology ...
takes power in
Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
. *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan () is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The president is the nominal head of the executive and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces.
Yahya Khan Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (4 February 191710 August 1980) was a Pakistani army officer who served as the third president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971. He also served as the fifth Commander-in-Chief, Pakistan, commander-in-chief of the Pakistan ...
indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in
East Pakistan East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, restructured and renamed from the province of East Bengal and covering the territory of the modern country of Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Burma, wit ...
. *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Black September storms the Saudi embassy in
Khartoum Khartoum or Khartum is the capital city of Sudan as well as Khartoum State. With an estimated population of 7.1 million people, Greater Khartoum is the largest urban area in Sudan. Khartoum is located at the confluence of the White Nile – flo ...
,
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages. * 1974
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the Presidency of Richard Nixon, administration of President Richard Nixon. The scandal began in 1972 and ultimately led to Resignation of Richard Nixon, Nix ...
: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
Provisional Irish Republican Army The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA; ) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland ...
member Bobby Sands begins his
hunger strike A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fasting, fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are ...
in
HM Prison Maze HM Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as the Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000. On 15 ...
. *
1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...
Steve Jackson Games Steve Jackson Games (SJGames) is a game company, founded in 1980 by Steve Jackson, that creates and publishes role-playing, board, and card games, and (until 2019) the gaming magazine ''Pyramid''. History Founded in 1980, six years after the cr ...
is raided by the
United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, thei ...
, prompting the later formation of the
Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties. It provides funds for legal defense in court, ...
. *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
Uprisings against
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until Saddam Hussein statue destruction, his overthrow in 2003 during the 2003 invasion of Ira ...
begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians. *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
declares its independence from
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country ...
. *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
– ''
Titanic RMS ''Titanic'' was a British ocean liner that sank in the early hours of 15 April 1912 as a result of striking an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers a ...
'' became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide. *
2002 The effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year had a significant impact on the affairs of 2002. The war on terror was a major political focus. Without settled international law, several nations engaged in anti-terror operation ...
U.S. invasion of Afghanistan:
Operation Anaconda Operation Anaconda or the Battle of Shah-i-Kot was a military operation that took place in early March 2002 as part of the War in Afghanistan. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban force ...
begins in eastern
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
. * 2002 – The
Envisat Envisat ("Environmental Satellite") is a large Earth-observing satellite which has been inactive since 2012. It is still in orbit and considered space debris. Operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), it was the world's largest civilian Ear ...
environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m. * 2002 – Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' is launched on STS-109 to service the
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the Orbiting Solar Observatory, first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most ...
. *
2003 2003 was designated by the United Nations as the International Year of Fresh water, Freshwater. In 2003, a Multi-National Force – Iraq, United States-led coalition 2003 invasion of Iraq, invaded Iraq, starting the Iraq War. Demographic ...
– Management of the
United States Customs Service The United States Customs Service was a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. federal government. Established on July 31, 1789, it collected import tariffs, performed other selected border security duties, as well as conducted criminal in ...
and the
United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, thei ...
move to the
United States Department of Homeland Security The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. United States federal executive departments, federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the Interior minister, interior, Home Secretary ...
. *
2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
– In '' Roper v. Simmons'', the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional. *
2006 2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification. Events January * January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute. * January 12 – A stampede during t ...
– English-language
Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free content, free Online content, online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and La ...
reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station. *
2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur ...
Tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...
es break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School. *
2008 2008 was designated as: *International Year of Languages *International Year of Planet Earth *International Year of the Potato *International Year of Sanitation The Great Recession, a worldwide recession which began in 2007, continued throu ...
– The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed. *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.


Births


Pre-1600

* 1105Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (died 1157) * 1389Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop and saint (died 1459) * 1432
Isabella of Coimbra Infanta Isabel of Coimbra (Isabella of Portugal) (1 March 1432 – 2 December 1455) was a Portuguese infanta and Queen of Portugal as the first spouse of King Afonso V of Portugal. Life Born in Coimbra in 1432, Isabella was a daughter of the ...
(died 1455) * 1456Vladislaus II of Hungary (died 1516) *
1547 Year 1547 ( MDXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 8 – The first Lithuanian-language book, a ''Catechism'' (, Simple Words of Catechism), is published in Königsbe ...
Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and lexicographer (died 1628) * 1554William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator (died 1612) * 1577Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (died 1635) *1597 – Jean-Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician (died 1652)


1601–1900

*1611 – John Pell (mathematician), John Pell, English mathematician and linguist (died 1685) *1629 – Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter (died 1670) *1647 – John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (died 1693) *1657 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author (died 1740) *1683 – 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama (died 1706) *1683 – Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent (died 1737) *1724 – Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (died 1814) *1732 – William Cushing, American lawyer and judge (died 1810) *1760 – François Buzot, French lawyer and politician (died 1794) *1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (died 1796) *1807 – Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1898) *1810 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (died 1849) *1812 – Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster (died 1852) *1817 – Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator (died 1882) *1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (died 1896) *1835 – Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (died 1919) *1837 – William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic (died 1920) *1842 – Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (died 1901) *1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic (died 1907) *1852 – Théophile Delcassé, French politician, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France), French Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 1923) *1863 – Aleksandr Golovin (artist), Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer (died 1930) *
1870 Events January * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge be ...
– E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic (died 1944) *1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman (died 1942) *1880 – Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic (died 1932) *1886 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright (died 1980) *1888 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player (died 1948) * 1888 – Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer (died 1949) *1889 – Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher (died 1960) *1890 – Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author (died 2002) *1891 – Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier (died 1940) *1892 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator (died 1927) * 1893 – Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (died 1968) * 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1960) * 1896 – Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer (died 1942) *1899 – Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (died 1972) *1900 – Basil Bunting, British poet (died 1985)


1901–present

*1904 – Paul Hartman, American actor, singer, and dancer (died 1973) * 1904 – Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (died 1944) *1905 – Doris Hare, Welsh-English actress, singer, and dancer (died 2000) *1906 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd List of Prime Ministers of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam (died 2000) *1909 – Eugene Esmonde, English lieutenant and pilot (died 1942) * 1909 – Winston Sharples, American pianist and composer (died 1978) * 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2002) * 1910 – David Niven, English soldier and actor (died 1983) *1912 – Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal (died 2003) * 1912 – Boris Chertok, Polish-Russian engineer and academic (died 2011) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
– Harry Caray, American sportscaster (died 1998) * 1914 – Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic (died 1994) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Robert Lowell, American poet (died 1977) * 1917 – Dinah Shore, American singer and actress (died 1994) *1918 – João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil (died 1976) * 1918 – Gladys Spellman, American educator and politician (died 1988) *1920 – Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1984) * 1920 – Howard Nemerov, American poet and academic (died 1991) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
– Cameron Argetsinger, American race car driver and lawyer (died 2008) * 1921 – Terence Cooke, American cardinal (died 1983) * 1921 – Richard Wilbur, American poet, translator, and essayist (died 2017) *1922 – William Gaines, American publisher (died 1992) * 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1995) * 1922 – Fred Scolari, American basketball player (died 2002) *1924 – Arnold Drake, American author and screenwriter (died 2007) * 1924 – Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (died 1993) *1926 – Robert Clary, French-American actor and author (died 2022) * 1926 – Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor (died 1992) * 1926 – Pete Rozelle, American businessman and 3rd National Football League Commissioner (died 1996) * 1926 – Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2013) *1927 – George O. Abell, American astronomer, academic, and skeptic (died 1983) * 1927 – Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 2023) * 1927 – Robert Bork, American lawyer and scholar, United States Attorney General (died 2012) *1928 – Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic (died 2016) *1929 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author (died 1978) * 1930 – Monu Mukhopadhyay, Indian Bengali actor (died 2020) *1930 – Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (died 1980) *1934 – Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian painter and sculptor (died 2005) * 1934 – Joan Hackett, American actress (died 1983) *1935 – Robert Conrad, American actor, radio host and stuntman (died 2020) *1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (died 1997) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
– Leo Brouwer, Cuban guitarist, composer, and conductor * 1939 – Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Pakistani author *1940 – Robin Gray (Australian politician), Robin Gray, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Tasmania * 1940 – Robert Grossman (artist), Robert Grossman, American painter, sculptor, and author (died 2018) *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Robert Hass, American poet * 1941 – Dave Marcis, American stock car racing driver *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– Richard Myers, American general *1943 – Gil Amelio, American businessman * 1943 – José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager * 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev, Russian-German astronomer and physicist *1944 – Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal * 1944 – John Breaux, American lawyer and politician * 1944 – Mike d'Abo, English singer * 1944 – Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor *1945 – Dirk Benedict, American actor and director *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– Gerry Boulet, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 1990) * 1946 – Jim Crace, English author and academic *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
– Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer (died 2016) *1951 – Sergei Kourdakov, Russian-American KGB agent (died 1973) *1952 – Dave Barr (golfer), Dave Barr, Canadian golfer * 1952 – Nevada Barr, American actress and author * 1952 – Janice Burgess, American television executive, screenwriter, and producer (died 2024) * 1952 – Leigh Matthews, Australian footballer, coach, and sportscaster * 1952 – Jerri Nielsen, American physician and explorer (died 2009) * 1952 – Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager * 1952 – Brian Winters, American basketball player and coach *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
– Sinan Çetin, Turkish actor, director, and producer * 1953 – Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager * 1953 – M. K. Stalin, Indian Politics of Tamil Nadu, Tamil politician, 8th and incumbent List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu *
1954 Events January * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...
– Catherine Bach, American actress * 1954 – Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– Tim Daly, American actor, director, and producer * 1956 – Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, 8th President of Lithuania * 1958 – Nik Kershaw, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1958 – Wayne B. Phillips, Australian cricketer and coach * 1958 – Bertrand Piccard, Swiss psychiatrist and aviator *1959 – Nick Griffin, English politician * 1961 – Mike Rozier, American football player *1963 – Bryan Batt, American actor * 1963 – Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and manager * 1963 – Magnus Svensson (ice hockey, born 1963), Magnus Svensson, Swedish ice hockey player * 1963 – Russell Wong, American actor *1965 – Booker T (wrestler), Booker T, American professional wrestler and sportscaster * 1965 – Chris Eigeman, American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer * 1965 – Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
– Don Lemon, American journalist * 1966 – Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1967 – George Eads, American actor * 1967 – Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager *1969 – Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer *1970 – Yolanda Griffith, American basketball player and coach *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-American actor * 1971 – Brad Falchuk, American screenwriter, director, and producer *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– Jack Davenport, English actor * 1973 – Ryan Peake, Canadian musician and songwriter * 1973 – Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster * 1974 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor *1977 – Rens Blom, Dutch pole vaulter *1978 – Jensen Ackles, American actor and musician *1979 – Mikkel Kessler, Danish boxer * 1979 – Bruno Langlois, Canadian cyclist *1980 – Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer * 1980 – Sercan Güvenışık, German-Turkish footballer * 1980 – Djimi Traoré, French-Malian footballer *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
– Will Power, Australian race car driver *1982 – Travis Diener, American-Italian basketball player *1983 – Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer * 1983 – Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan-Mexican actress *1984 – Alexander Steen, Canadian-Swedish ice hockey player * 1984 – Claudio Bieler, Argentinian footballer *1985 – Andreas Ottl, German footballer *1986 – Big E (wrestler), Big E, American professional wrestler * 1986 – Jonathan Spector, American soccer player * 1986 – Alec Utgoff, Ukrainian-English actor *1987 – Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress * 1987 – Kyle O'Reilly, Canadian professional wrestler *1988 – Trevor Cahill, American baseball player * 1988 – Jarvis Varnado, American basketball player *1989 – Tenille Dashwood, Australian professional wrestler * 1989 – Daniella Monet, American actress * 1989 – Emeraude Toubia, Canadian-American actress * 1989 – Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Joe Mantiply, American baseball player *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
– Édouard Mendy, Senegalese footballer * 1992 – Tom Walsh (shot putter), Tom Walsh, New Zealand athlete *1993 – Juan Bernat, Spanish footballer * 1993 – Michael Conforto, American baseball player * 1993 – Josh McEachran, English footballer * 1993 – Victor Rask, Swedish ice hockey player * 1993 – Jordan Veretout, French footballer *1994 – Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter * 1994 – Asanoyama Hiroki, Japanese sumo wrestler * 1994 – Tyreek Hill, American football player * 1994 – Maximilian Philipp, German footballer *1999 – Oswaldo Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player * 1999 – Brogan Hay, Scottish footballer *2000 – Ja'Marr Chase, American football player *2001 – Wander Franco, Dominican baseball player * 2001 – Sapnap, American YouTuber


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 492 – Pope Felix III, Felix III, pope of the Catholic Church * 589 – Saint David, David, Welsh bishop and saint * 965 – Pope Leo VIII, Leo VIII, pope of the Catholic Church * 977 – Rudesind, Galician bishop (born 907) * 991 – Emperor En'yū, En'yū, Japanese emperor (born 959) *1058 – Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona (born 972) *1131 – Stephen II of Hungary, Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (born 1101) *1233 – Thomas, Count of Savoy, Thomas, count of Savoy (born 1178) *1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh noble, son of Llywelyn the Great (born 1200) *1320 – Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Chinese emperor (born 1286) *1383 – Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, Amadeus VI, count of Savoy (born 1334) *1510 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (born 1450) *1546 – George Wishart, Scottish minister and martyr (born 1513)


1601–1900

*1620 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (born 1567) *
1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, wher ...
– George Herbert, English poet and orator (born 1593) *1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian keyboardist and composer (born 1583) *1661 – Richard Zouch, English judge and politician (born 1590) *1697 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician and poet (born 1626) *1734 – Roger North (biographer), Roger North, English lawyer and author (born 1653) *1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and author (born 1694) *1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect, designed the Palace of Caserta (born 1700) *1792 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1747) * 1792 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (born 1731) *1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, Minister of Defence (France), French Minister of Defence (born 1764) *1862 – Peter Barlow (mathematician), Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist (born 1776) *1875 – Tristan Corbière, French poet and educator (born 1845) *1882 – Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer, and educator (born 1818) *1884 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and academic (born 1820) *1889 – William Henry Monk, English organist and composer (born 1823)


1901–present

*1906 – José María de Pereda, Spanish author (born 1833) *1911 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
– Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, English soldier and politician, 8th Governor General of Canada (born 1845) *1920 – John H. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician (born 1842) *1922 – Pichichi (footballer), Pichichi, Spanish footballer (born 1892) *1925 – Homer Plessy, American political activist (born 1862 or 1863) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– Frank Teschemacher, American Jazz musician (born 1906) *1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian author and poet (born 1871) *1938 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian journalist and politician (born 1863) *1940 – A. H. Tammsaare, Estonian author (born 1878) *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– George S. Rentz, American commander (born 1882) *1943 – Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist (born 1863) *1952 – Mariano Azuela, Mexican physician and author (born 1873) *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
– Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic (born 1903) * 1974 – Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer (born 1935) *1976 – Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (born 1910) *1978 – Paul Scott (novelist), Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (born 1920) *1979 – Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdistan politician (born 1903) *1980 – Wilhelmina Cooper, Dutch-American model and businesswoman, founded Wilhelmina Models (born 1940) * 1980 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (born 1907) *1983 – Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author (born 1905) *1984 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (born 1914) *1988 – Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (born 1907) *1989 – Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (born 1917) *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Edwin H. Land, American scientist and businessman, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (born 1909) *1993 – Joseph Christopher, American schizophrenic serial killer (born 1955) *1995 – César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager (born 1920) * 1995 – Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1946) *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
– Archie Goodwin (comics), Archie Goodwin, American author and illustrator (born 1937) *2004 – Mian Ghulam Jilani, Pakistani general (born 1914) *
2006 2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification. Events January * January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute. * January 12 – A stampede during t ...
– Peter Osgood, English footballer (born 1947) * 2006 – Jack Wild, English actor (born 1952) * 2006 – Nurasyura binte Mohamed Fauzi, Singaporean rape and murder victim (born 2003) *2010 – Kristian Digby, English television host and director (born 1977) *2012 – Andrew Breitbart, American journalist and publisher (born 1969) * 2012 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (born 1932) *2013 – Bonnie Franklin, American actress, dancer, and singer (born 1944) *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (born 1922) *2015 – Minnie Miñoso, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (born 1922) *2016 – Carole Achache, French writer, photographer and actress (born 1952) *2018 – María Rubio, Mexican television, film and stage actress (born 1934) *2019 – Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer (born 1942) *2023 – Just Fontaine, French footballer (born 1933) *2024 – Iris Apfel, American businesswoman, interior designer, and philanthropist (born 1921) * 2024 – Akira Toriyama, Japanese manga artist (born 1955) * 2025 – Pat Ingoldsby, Irish poet and television presenter (born 1942) * 2025 – Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1947) * 2025 – Angie Stone, American singer, songwriter, and actress (born 1961)


Holidays and observances

*Beer Day (Iceland), Beer Day, marked the end of beer prohibition in 1989 (Iceland) *Christian feast day: **Agnes Tsao Kou Ying (one of the Martyr Saints of China) **Albinus of Angers, Albin **Eudokia of Heliopolis **Pope Felix III **Leoluca **Luperculus **Monan (saint), Monan **Rudesind **Saint David's Day, Saint David's Day or ''Dydd Gŵyl Dewi'' (Wales and Welsh communities) **Suitbert of Kaiserswerdt, Suitbert **March 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Commemoration of Mustafa Barzani's Death (Iraqi Kurdistan) *Day of the Balearic Islands (Spain) *Disability Day of Mourning *Francisco Solano López, Heroes' Day (Paraguay) *Independence Day (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
from Socialist Federal Republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia in 1992. *Public holidays in Poland, National "Cursed Soldiers" Remembrance Day (Poland) *National Pig Day (United States) *Remembrance Day (Marshall Islands) *Samiljeol (South Korea) *Self-injury Awareness Day (International observance, international) *Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe celebration of the beginning of spring: **Baba Marta Day (
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
) **Mărțișor (Romania and Moldova) *The final day (fourth or fifth) of Ayyám-i-Há (Baháʼí Faith) *World Seagrass Day *Yap Day (Yap State) *Zero Discrimination Day


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
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Historical Events on March 1
{{months Days of March