Events

January

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

–

Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...

Third Battle of Seoul The Third Battle of Seoul was a battle of the Korean War, which took place from December 31, 1950, to January 7, 1951, around the South Korean capital of Seoul. It is also known as the Chinese New Year's Offensive, the January–Fourth Retreat ( ...

– Chinese and

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

n forces capture

Seoul Seoul, officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City, is the capital city, capital and largest city of South Korea. The broader Seoul Metropolitan Area, encompassing Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Incheon, emerged as the world's List of cities b ...

for the second time (having lost the

Second Battle of Seoul The Second Battle of Seoul resulted in United Nations forces recapturing Seoul from the North Koreans in late September 1950 during the Korean War. Following the UN Battle of Inchon, counterattack at Inchon on 15 September, UN forces consolidat ...

in September 1950). *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

– The Government of the United Kingdom announces abandonment of the

Tanganyika groundnut scheme The Tanganyika groundnut scheme, or East Africa groundnut scheme, was a failed attempt by the British government to cultivate tracts of its African trust territory Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) with peanuts. Launched in the aftermath of W ...

for the cultivation of

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large ...

s in the

Tanganyika Territory Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various forms from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under military occupation. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a League o ...

, with the writing off of £36.5M debt. *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– In the U.S., a top secret report is delivered to U.S. President Truman by his National Security Resources Board, urging Truman to expand the Korean War by launching "a global offensive against communism" with sustained bombing of Red China and diplomatic moves to establish "moral justification" for a U.S. nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. The report will not not be declassified until 1978. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– In a criminal court in West Germany,

Ilse Koch Ilse Koch (22 September 1906 – 1 September 1967) was a German war criminal who committed atrocities while her husband Karl-Otto Koch was commandant at Buchenwald concentration camp, Buchenwald. Though Ilse Koch had no official position in the N ...

, The "Witch of Buchenwald", wife of the

commandant Commandant ( or ; ) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police ...

of the

Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald (; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Nazi Germany, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (pre-1938 ...

, is sentenced to life imprisonment. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

–

Winter of Terror The Winter of Terror was a three-month period during the winter of 1950–1951 during which an unprecedented number of avalanches took place in the Alps in Switzerland, Austria and Italy. The series of 649 avalanches killed over 265 people and c ...

Avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a Grade (slope), slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, othe ...

s in the

Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ...

kill 240 and bury 45,000 for a time, in Switzerland, Austria and Italy. *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

–

Mount Lamington Mount Lamington is an andesitic stratovolcano in the Oro Province of Papua New Guinea. The forested peak of the volcano had not been recognised as such until its devastating eruption in 1951 that caused about 3,000 deaths. The volcano rises to ...

in Papua New Guinea erupts catastrophically, killing nearly 3,000 people and causing great devastation in Oro Province. *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

– Dutch author

Anne de Vries Anne de Vries (22 May 1904 – 29 November 1964) was a Dutch teacher and writer, particularly famous in the Netherlands for his novels of regional life. Born in the village of Kloosterveen near Assen, de Vries married Alida Gerdina van Wermeske ...

releases the first volume of his children's novel '' Journey Through the Night'' (''Reis door de nacht''), set during World War II.

February

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

– The

Convention People's Party The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGC ...

wins national elections in

Gold Coast (British colony) The Gold Coast was a British Empire, British Crown colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1821 until its independence in 1957 as Ghana. The term Gold Coast is also often used to describe all of the four separate jurisdictions that w ...

. *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– 2 – The

1951 Nepalese revolution The revolution of 1951 () in Nepal, also referred to as Sat Salko Kranti, was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which had lasted for 104 years. Background of Rana regime Organization for revolution Pop ...

leads to agreement for a democratic constitution. *

– The

United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; , AGNU or AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its Seventy-ninth session of th ...

declares that China is an aggressor in the Korean War, in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 498. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

–

Woodbridge train wreck On February 6, 1951, a Pennsylvania Railroad train derailed on a temporary wooden trestle in Woodbridge, New Jersey, United States, killing 85 passengers. It remains New Jersey's deadliest train wreck, the deadliest U.S. derailment since 1918 ...

: A

Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad ( reporting mark PRR), legal name as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, also known as the "Pennsy," was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At its ...

passenger train derails near

Woodbridge Township, New Jersey Woodbridge Township is a township in northern Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is a regional hub of transportation and commerce for central New Jersey and a major bedroom suburb of New York City, within the New ...

, killing 85 people and injuring over 500, in one of the worst rail disasters in American history. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

** The seven-nation Commonwealth Consultative Committee meets to discuss the

Colombo Plan The Colombo Plan is a regional intergovernmental organization that began operations on 1 July 1951. The organization was conceived at an international conference, The Commonwealth Conference on Foreign Affairs held in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri ...

for south and south-east Asia. **

Muhammad Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last List of monarchs of Iran, Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown by the ...

marries Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

– Jean Lee becomes the last woman hanged in Australia, when she and her two

pimp Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, colloquially called a pimp (if male) or a madam (if female, though the term "pimp" ...

s are hanged for the murder and torture of a 73-year-old bookmaker. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

– The first

Pan American Games The Pan American Games, known as the Pan Am Games, is a continental multi-sport event in the Americas. It features thousands of athletes participating in competitions to win different summer sports. It is held among athletes from nations of th ...

open in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

– The

Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-second Amendment (Amendment XXII) to the United States Constitution limits the number of times a person can be elected to the office of President of the United States to two terms, and sets additional eligibility conditions for presi ...

, limiting

Presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *''Præsidenten ...

to two terms, is ratified.

March

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam. * 1204 &ndas ...

– The trial of

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953) and Ethel Rosenberg (born Greenglass; September 28, 1915 – June 19, 1953) were an American married couple who were convicted of First Chief Directorate, spying for the Soviet Union, including ...

for conspiracy to commit espionage begins in the United States. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

Operation Ripper Operation Ripper, also known as the Fourth Battle of Seoul, was a United Nations (UN) military operation conceived by the US Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway, during the Korean War. The operation was intended to destroy as much as possib ...

– For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul. ** West Germany joins

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

Second Red Scare McCarthyism is a political practice defined by the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United S ...

: In the United States,

are convicted of

conspiracy A conspiracy, also known as a plot, ploy, or scheme, is a secret plan or agreement between people (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder, treason, or corruption, especially with a political motivat ...

to commit

espionage Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence). A person who commits espionage on a mission-specific contract is called an ...

. On

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

they are sentenced to death. **

Rodgers and Hammerstein Rodgers and Hammerstein was a theater-writing team of composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960), who together created a series of innovative and influential American musicals. Their musical ...

's ''

The King and I ''The King and I'' is the fifth musical by the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein. It is based on Margaret Landon's novel '' Anna and the King of Siam'' (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the childr ...

'' opens on

Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street ** Broadway Theatre (53rd Stre ...

, and runs for three years. It is the first of their musicals specifically written for an actress (

Gertrude Lawrence Gertrude Lawrence (4 July 1898 – 6 September 1952) was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical comedy performer known for her stage appearances in the West End of London and on Broadway in New York. Early life Lawrence was born in 1 ...

). Lawrence is stricken with

cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving Cell growth#Disorders, abnormal cell growth with the potential to Invasion (cancer), invade or Metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Po ...

during the run of the show, and dies halfway through its run a year later. The show makes a star of

Yul Brynner Yuliy Borisovich Briner (; July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985), known professionally as Yul Brynner (), was a Russian-born actor. He was known for his portrayal of King Mongkut in the Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical ''The King and I'' (19 ...

. ** The

23rd Academy Awards The 23rd Academy Awards were held on March 29, 1951, honoring the films of 1950. ''All About Eve'' received a record 14 nominations, besting the previous record of 13 set by ''Gone with the Wind'' in 1939. It won six Oscars, including Best Pi ...

Ceremony is held; ''

All About Eve ''All About Eve'' is a 1950 American Drama (film and television), drama film written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It is based on the 1946 short story (and subsequent 1949 radio drama) "The Wisdom of E ...

'' wins the

Best Picture The following is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various films, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Bes ...

award and five others. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. * 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging ...

–

Remington Rand Remington Rand, Inc. was an early American business machine manufacturer, originally a typewriter manufacturer and in a later incarnation the manufacturer of the UNIVAC line of mainframe computers. Formed in 1927 following a merger, Remington ...

delivers the first

UNIVAC I The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the invento ...

computer to the

United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...

April

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

** U.S. President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. Subsequen ...

relieves General

Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American general who served as a top commander during World War II and the Korean War, achieving the rank of General of the Army (United States), General of the Army. He served with dis ...

of his Far Eastern commands. ** After its clandestine removal from

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British m ...

Christmas Day Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A liturgical feast central to Christianity, Chri ...

1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...

, the

Stone of Scone The Stone of Scone (; , meaning Stone of Destiny, also called clach-na-cinneamhuinn; ) is an oblong block of red sandstone that was used in the coronation of Scottish monarchs until the 13th century, and thereafter in the coronation of Englis ...

resurfaces at

Arbroath Abbey Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by William I of Scotland, King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey. It was consecration, consecrated in 1197 with a dedication to th ...

in Scotland. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...

– The

Treaty of Paris (1951) The Treaty of Paris (formally the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community) was signed on 18 April 1951 between France, Italy, West Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, establishing the European Coal and Steel C ...

is adopted, establishing the

European Coal and Steel Community The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was a European organization created after World War II to integrate Europe's coal and steel industries into a single common market based on the principle of supranationalism which would be governe ...

. *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– The

National Olympic Committee A National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games ...

of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

is formed. The USSR will first participate in the Olympic Games at

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

, Finland, in 1952. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

–

Sakuragichō train fire The occurred on April 24, 1951, when a 63 series Keihin Line (now part of the Negishi Line) train approaching Sakuragichō Station in Yokohama hit a loose overhead wire causing a short circuit and starting a fire which killed 106 people and injur ...

: in

Yokohama is the List of cities in Japan, second-largest city in Japan by population as well as by area, and the country's most populous Municipalities of Japan, municipality. It is the capital and most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a popu ...

, Japan, a fire on a

train A train (from Old French , from Latin">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles th ...

kills more than 100. *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victor ...

–

1951 Australian federal election The 1951 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 April 1951. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution called after the Senate rejected the Comm ...

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, reno ...

' Liberal/

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. When referring to a specific polity, the term "country" may refer to a sovereign state, state with limited recognition, constituent country, ...

Coalition A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces. Formation According to ''A G ...

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...

is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party, led by former

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

Ben Chifley Joseph Benedict Chifley (; 22 September 1885 – 13 June 1951) was an Australian politician and train driver who served as the 16th prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949. He held office as the leader of the Labor Party (ALP), and was n ...

. Chifley dies a little over a month after the election; he will be replaced by his deputy

H. V. Evatt Herbert Vere "Doc" Evatt, (30 April 1894 – 2 November 1965) was an Australian politician and judge. He served as a justice of the High Court of Australia from 1930 to 1940, Attorney-General of Australia, Attorney-General and Minister for For ...

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

– The opera house of Geneva, Switzerland is almost destroyed in a fire. *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...

** King

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952 ...

opens the

Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951. Labour Party cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover; in 1947 he started with the ...

in London, including the

Royal Festival Hall The Royal Festival Hall is a 2,700-seat concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London, England. It is situated on the South Bank of the River Thames, not far from Hungerford Bridge, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a G ...

. ** The

U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services The Committee on Armed Services, sometimes abbreviated SASC for Senate Armed Services Committee, is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nation's military, including the Department of Defens ...

and

U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate. It is generally responsible for authorizing and overseeing foreign a ...

begin their closed door hearings into the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by U.S. President Harry S Truman. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Operation Greenhouse Operation Greenhouse was the fifth American nuclear test series, the second conducted in 1951 and the first to test principles that would lead to developing Teller-Ullam, thermonuclear weapons (''hydrogen bombs''). Conducted at the new Pacific ...

: The first

thermonuclear Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nuclei, nuclei/neutron by-products. The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of ener ...

weapon is tested in the "George" test on Enewetok Atoll in the

Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The territory consists of 29 c ...

by the United States. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...

– A

military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...

occurs in

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

. *

May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...

– The Tibetan government signs the

Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet The Seventeen-Point Agreement, officially the Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, was an agreement between the Local Government of Tibet and the Centr ...

with the People's Republic of China. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus ...

– Operation Greenhouse: The first atomic bomb "boosted" by the inclusion of

tritium Tritium () or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of ~12.33 years. The tritium nucleus (t, sometimes called a ''triton'') contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus of the ...

is tested in the "Item" test on Enewetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands by the United States. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– 26 – British spies

Guy Burgess Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British diplomat and Soviet double agent, and a member of the Cambridge Five spy ring that operated from the mid-1930s to the early years of the Cold War era. His defection ...

and Donald Maclean leave the United Kingdom to defect to the

June

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – He ...

– Nazi war criminal

Otto Ohlendorf Otto Ohlendorf (; 4 February 1907 – 7 June 1951) was a German Schutzstaffel, SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. An economist by education, he was head of the Sicherheitsdienst#Inland-SD, (SD) Inland, responsible ...

is hanged at

Landsberg Prison Landsberg Prison is a prison in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about west-southwest of Munich and south of Augsburg. It is best known as the prison where Adolf Hitler was held in 1924, after the ...

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

–

is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

–

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...

– In

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

and

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

, thousands of acres of forests are destroyed in fires.

July

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and procla ...

–

William Shockley William Bradford Shockley ( ; February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American solid-state physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brat ...

of Bell Labs in the United States announces the invention jointly with

John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American solid-state physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Houser Brattain for their inventio ...

and

Walter Brattain Walter Houser Brattain (; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American solid-state physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. Bratt ...

of the

grown-junction transistor The grown-junction transistor was the first type of bipolar ''junction'' transistor made. It was invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs on June 23, 1948 (patent filed June 26, 1948), six months after the first bipolar point-contact transist ...

. Also this year, General Electric and RCA develop the

alloy-junction transistor The germanium alloy-junction transistor, or alloy transistor, was an early type of bipolar junction transistor, developed at General Electric and RCA in 1951 as an improvement over the earlier grown-junction transistor. The usual construction of ...

. *

July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 420 – Having usurped the throne ...

** Korean War:

Armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from t ...

negotiations begin at

Kaesong Kaesong (, ; ) is a special city in the southern part of North Korea (formerly in North Hwanghae Province), and the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and subsequent Goryeo dynasty. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region cl ...

. ** A formal peace agreement between

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

and

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

is signed. *

July 13 Events Pre-1600 *1174 – William the Lion, William I of Scotland, a key Rebellion, rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. *1249 – Coronation of Alexander III of Scotland, Ale ...

– Vuoristorata, one of the oldest still-operating wooden roller coasters in Europe, is opened at the Linnanmäki amusement park in

Helsinki, Finland Helsinki () is the capital and most populous city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipality, with million in the capital region and ...

. *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The Hijrah of Muhammad begins, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouran ...

– King

Leopold III of Belgium Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the Battle of Belgi ...

abdicates in favour of his son Baudouin, who on July 17 takes the oath as king of Belgium. *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defe ...

– King

Abdullah I of Jordan Abdullah I (Abdullah bin Hussein; 2 February 188220 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan and its predecessor state Transjordan from 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was the Emir of Transjordan, a British protectorate, until 1946, when h ...

is assassinated by a

Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...

while attending Friday prayers in

Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...

. He is succeeded by his son, King Talal. *

July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of ...

–

Soviet space dogs During the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet space program used dogs for sub-orbital and Orbital spaceflight, orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible. The Soviet space program typically used female dogs due to the ...

Dezik and Tsygan Dezik () and Tsygan (, ) were the first two Soviet space dogs and, during their suborbital flight on July 22, 1951, the first dogs to fly into space. Dezik became the first two-time space traveler during a suborbital flight in September 1951, but ...

become the first to enter space, in a 15-minute

sub-orbital spaceflight A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches outer space, but its trajectory intersects the surface of the primary (astronomy), gravitating body from which it was launched. Hence, it will not complete one orbital ...

in an R-1 rocket, being safely parachuted back to earth. *

July 23 Events Pre-1600 * 811 – Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury. *1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a Battle of Chi ...

– Marshal

Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Bénoni Omer Joseph Pétain (; 24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), better known as Marshal Pétain (, ), was a French marshal who commanded the French Army in World War I and later became the head of the Collaboration with Nazi Ger ...

, former Prime Minister and Head of State of France, Chief of State of

Vichy France Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the Battle of France, ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, hero commander of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

who led the French Army to victory at the nine-month-long

Battle of Verdun The Battle of Verdun ( ; ) was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front in French Third Republic, France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on the hills north ...

, for which he was called "the Lion of Verdun", dies while serving a sentence of life-imprisonment on the island of Île-d'Yeu at 95 years old. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

– The first

birch bark manuscript Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the outer layer of birch bark, which was commonly used for writing before the mass production of paper. Evidence of birch bark for writing goes back many centuries and appears in various c ...

is discovered in

Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( ; , ; ), also known simply as Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the V ...

. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

–

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, also known as the 1951 Refugee Convention or the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 is a United Nations multilateral treaty that defines who a refugee is and sets out the rights of individuals ...

, a

multilateral treaty A multilateral treaty or multilateral agreement is a treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. Each party owes the same obligations to all other parties, except to the extent that they have stated reservation (law), reservations. Ex ...

of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

, is signed at a special conference in

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

, defining the status of

refugee A refugee, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is a person "forced to flee their own country and seek safety in another country. They are unable to return to their own country because of feared persecution as ...

s and setting out the basis for granting

right of asylum The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (''asylum'' ), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another enti ...

, coming into force on 22 April 1954.

August

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

–

René Pleven René Jean Pleven (; 15 April 190113 January 1993) was a notable political figure of the French Resistance and Fourth Republic. An early associate of Jean Monnet then member of the Free French led by Charles de Gaulle, he took a leading role i ...

becomes Prime Minister of France. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...

– The first

Volkswagen Type 1 The Volkswagen Beetle, officially the Volkswagen Type 1, is a small family car produced by the German company Volkswagen from 1938 to 2003. One of the most iconic cars in automotive history, the Beetle is noted for its distinctive shape. Its p ...

rolls off the production line in

Uitenhage Uitenhage ( ; ), officially renamed Kariega, is a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. It is well known for the Volkswagen factory located there, which is the biggest car factory on the African continent. Along with the city of Port El ...

, South Africa.

September

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time the seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. *1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of A ...

– The United States, Australia and New Zealand all sign a mutual defense pact, the

ANZUS Treaty The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is a collective security agreement between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States that was signed in 1951, and from which New Zealand has been partially su ...

. *

September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...

– The

Sri Lanka Freedom Party The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; ; ) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the c ...

is founded by

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (8 January 1899 – 26 September 1959), also known as "The Silver Bell of Asia" (ආසියාවේ රිදී සීනුව), was a Sri Lankan statesman who served as the fourth Prime Minister of ...

. *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – After the capture of Herod's Palace the previous day, a Roman army under Titus secures and plunders the city of Jerusalem. * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path ...

Treaty of San Francisco The , also called the , re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers on behalf of the United Nations by ending the legal state of war, military occupation and providing for redress for hostile actions up to and inclu ...

: In

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

, 48 representatives out of 51 attending sign a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an treaty, agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually country, countries or governments, which formally ends a declaration of war, state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an ag ...

with Japan, formally ending the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast As ...

; the delegations of the

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

do not sign the treaty, instead favoring separate treaties. ** The U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, which allows

United States Armed Forces The United States Armed Forces are the Military, military forces of the United States. U.S. United States Code, federal law names six armed forces: the United States Army, Army, United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps, United States Navy, Na ...

to be stationed in Japan even after the end of the

occupation of Japan Japan was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the surrender of the Empire of Japan on September 2, 1945, at the war's end until the Treaty of San Francisco took effect on April 28, 1952. The occupation, led by the ...

, is signed by Japan and the United States. *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 *337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. * 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 &ndas ...

– Chinese Communist forces move into Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

– The United Kingdom begins an economic boycott of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

. *

September 20 Events Pre-1600 *1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. * 1187 – Saladin ...

–

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...

accepts Greece and Turkey as members. *

September 26 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus. * 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne. * 1087 – William II is c ...

– 28 – A blue sun is seen over Europe: the effect is due to ash coming from the Canadian forest fires 4 months previously. *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture thei ...

– Charlotte Whitton becomes mayor of

Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...

and Canada's first woman mayor of a major city.

October

October 2 Events Pre-1600 * 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor. * 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia an ...

–

Television in the Netherlands Television in the Netherlands was officially introduced in 1951. In the Netherlands, the television market is divided between a number of commercial networks, such as RTL Nederland, and a system of public broadcasters sharing three channels, NPO ...

commences with the first broadcast from NTS; also

television in Denmark Television in Denmark was established in the 1950s and was run by a monopoly with only one channel available until the 1980s. History The first television broadcasts in Denmark started on 2 October 1951. These were carried out by the nation ...

from DR1. *

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius ...

– 8 –

First Battle of Maryang-san The First Battle of Maryang-san (3–8 October 1951), also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan (), was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian, British and Canadian—and the Chine ...

– United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese. *

October 6 Events Pre-1600 * 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio of the Roman army of the mid-Republic * 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia. * AD 23 – Rebels decapitat ...

–

Malayan Emergency The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti–British National Liberation War, was a guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war fought in Federation of Malaya, Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of the Malayan National Liberation Arm ...

Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

insurgents kill British commander Sir

Henry Gurney Sir Henry Lovell Goldsworthy Gurney (27 June 1898 – 6 October 1951) was a British colonial administrator who served in various posts throughout the British Empire. Gurney was killed by communist insurgents during the Malayan Emergency, whil ...

. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's in ...

– The

Organization of Central American States An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a part ...

(''Organización de Estados Centroamericanos'', ODECA) is formed. *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 121 ...

Norethisterone Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand name Norlutin among others, is a progestin medication used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medicatio ...

, the

progestin A progestogen, also referred to as a progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen, is a type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body. A progestin is a '' synthetic'' progestogen. ...

used in the

combined oral contraceptive pill The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be Oral administration, taken orally by women. It is the oral form of combi ...

, is synthesized by

Luis E. Miramontes Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas (March 16, 1925 – September 13, 2004) was a Mexican chemist known as co-inventor and the first to synthesize an oral contraceptive, progestin norethisterone. Career summary Miramontes was born in Tepic, Nayar ...

in Mexico. ** On television, the situation comedy ''

I Love Lucy ''I Love Lucy'' is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning six seasons. The series starred Lucille Ball and her husband Desi Arnaz, along with Vivian ...

'' airs its first episode on

CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS (an abbreviation of its original name, Columbia Broadcasting System), is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainme ...

in the U.S. *

October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...

Judy Garland Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. Possessing a strong contralto voice, she was celebrated for her emotional depth and versatility across film, stage, and concert performance. ...

begins a series of concerts in New York's Palace Theatre. ** Prime Minister

Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan (1 October 189516 October 1951) was a Pakistani lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the first prime minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the he ...

of Pakistan is assassinated. **

East China Normal University East China Normal University (ECNU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education and co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The university is part of ...

is founded in Shanghai, China. *

October 19 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in Nor ...

– The state of war between the United States and

is officially ended. *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toul ...

– A storm in southern Italy kills over 100. *

October 24 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. * 1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1260 – Afte ...

– U.S. President Harry Truman declares an official end to war with Germany. *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. * 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally ...

–

Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (Winston Churchill in the Second World War, ...

is re-elected

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister Advice (constitutional law), advises the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign on the exercise of much of the Royal prerogative ...

(a month before his 77th birthday) in a

general election A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from By-election, by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. Gener ...

which sees the defeat of

Clement Attlee Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British statesman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party (UK), Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. At ...

's Labour government, after 6 years in power. *

October 27 Events Pre-1600 *312 – Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of Constantine, Vision of the Cross. *1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. *1524 – French troops Italian campaign of 152 ...

–

Farouk of Egypt Farouk I (; ''Fārūq al-Awwal''; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his ...

declares himself king of

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

, with no support.

November

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...

–

Desert Rock exercises Desert Rock was the code name of a series of exercises conducted by the US military in conjunction with atmospheric nuclear tests. They were carried out at the Nevada Proving Grounds between 1951 and 1957. Their purpose was to train troops and ...

, the first military exercises for

nuclear war Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a War, military conflict or prepared Policy, political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are Weapon of mass destruction, weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conven ...

, with infantry troops included, are held in the

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

desert. *

November 2 Events Pre-1600 * 619 – A qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is assassinated in a Chinese palace by Eastern Turkic rivals after the approval of Tang emperor Gaozu. * 1410 – The Peace of Bicêtre suspends hostilities in t ...

– 6,000 British troops are flown into Egypt to quell unrest in the

Suez Canal The Suez Canal (; , ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, Indo-Mediterranean, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest ...

zone. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Y ...

– Direct dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States. *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, '' Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of th ...

–

Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine military officer and Statesman (politician), statesman who served as the History of Argentina (1946-1955), 29th president of Argentina from 1946 to Revolución Libertad ...

is re-elected president of

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

. *

November 12 Events Pre-1600 * 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. * 1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. ...

– The

National Ballet of Canada The National Ballet of Canada is a Canadian ballet company that was founded in 1951 in Toronto, Ontario, with Celia Franca, the first artistic director. A company of 70 dancers with its own orchestra, the National Ballet has been led since 2022 ...

performs for the first time in Eaton Auditorium, Toronto. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. *1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

– The

Po River The Po ( , ) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy, starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is , or if the Maira (river), Maira, a right bank tributary, is included. The headwaters of the Po are forme ...

floods in northern Italy. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 528 – Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice. * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert ...

–

LEO Leo is the Latin word for lion. It most often refers to: * Leo (constellation), a constellation of stars in the night sky * Leo (astrology), an astrological sign of the zodiac * Leo (given name), a given name in several languages, usually mas ...

runs the world's first commercial computer program, bakery valuations, for

J. Lyons and Co. J, or j, is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. J may also refer to: * Palatal approximant in the International Phonetic Alphabet * J, Cyrillic letter Je Astronomy * J, a provisional designation prefix for some objects discovered be ...

's tea shops in the U.K.

December

* c. December – The

Institute of War and Peace Studies The Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies (SIWPS) is a research center that is part of Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs in New York. It was founded in 1951 by President of Columbia Dwight D. Eisenh ...

is established by

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th president of the United States, serving from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionar ...

Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...

in New York (of which he is

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

) with

William T. R. Fox William Thornton Rickert Fox (January 12, 1912 – October 24, 1988), generally known as William T. R. Fox (or occasionally W. T. R. Fox), was an American foreign policy professor and international relations theoretician at the Columbia University ...

as first director. *

December 3 Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 * 1775 – American Revolution: becomes the first vessel to fly the Continental Union Flag (precursor to the " St ...

–

Lebanese University The Lebanese University (LU; ) is the only state-funded public university in Lebanon. It was established in 1951. The university's main campus was originally located in Beirut, but a few satellite campuses were opened due to travel restriction ...

is founded in

Lebanon Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south ...

. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1060 – Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. * 1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. *1492 – After exploring the island of Cuba (which he h ...

– A

state of emergency A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state before, during, o ...

is declared in

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

, due to increasing riots. *

December 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. * 1545 – The Council of Trent begins as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. * 1577 ...

– A water storage tank collapses in

Tucumcari, New Mexico Tucumcari (; ) is a city in and the county seat of Quay County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 5,278 at the 2020 census. Tucumcari was founded in 1901, two years before Quay County was established. History In 1901, the Chicag ...

, United States, resulting in 4 deaths and 200 buildings destroyed. *

December 17 Events Pre-1600 * 497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome. * 546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Eastern Roman garrison. * 920 – Romanos I ...

– ''

We Charge Genocide ''We Charge Genocide'' is a paper accusing the United States government of genocide based on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, UN Genocide Convention. This paper was written by the Civil Rights Congress (C ...

'', a petition describing

genocide Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people. Raphael Lemkin, who first coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by ...

against

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

s, is delivered to the United Nations. *

December 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. * 1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England ...

Experimental Breeder Reactor I Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about southeast of Arco, Idaho. It was the world's first breeder reactor. At 1:50 p.m. on December 2 ...

(EBR-1), the world's first (experimental)

nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power st ...

, opens in

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

, United States. ** A chartered

Curtiss C-46 Commando The Curtiss C-46 Commando is a low-wing, twin-engine aircraft derived from the Curtiss CW-20 pressurized high-altitude airliner design. Early press reports used the name "Condor III" but the Commando name was in use by early 1942 in company p ...

crash-lands in

Cobourg Cobourg ( ) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Southern Ontario east of Toronto and east of Oshawa. It is the largest town in and seat of Northumberland County. Its nearest neighbour is Port Hope, to the west. It is ...

Ontario Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ...

Canada; all on board survive. ** The

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology an ...

becomes a specialized agency of the

. *

December 22 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. * 401 – Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed h ...

– The Selangor Labour Party is founded in

Selangor Selangor ( ; ), also known by the Arabic language, Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity", is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the e ...

, Malaya. *

December 24 Events Pre-1600 * 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate. * 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death. * 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengd ...

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

becomes independent from Italy; Idris I is proclaimed King. **

Gian Carlo Menotti Gian Carlo Menotti (, ; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer, libretto, librettist, director, and playwright who is primarily known for his output of 25 operas. Although he often referred to himself as an American ...

's 45-minute opera, ''

Amahl and the Night Visitors ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'' is an opera in one act by Gian Carlo Menotti with an original English libretto by the composer.Menotti, Gian-Carlo: ''Amahl and the Night Visitors (piano-vocal score)'', G. Schirmer, Inc., 1997. It was commiss ...

'', premieres live on

NBC The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. It is one of NBCUniversal's ...

in the United States, becoming the first opera written especially for television. *

December 31 It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Year's Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the followi ...

– The

Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred $13.3 billion (equivalent to $ in ) in economic recovery pr ...

expires, after distributing more than $13.3 billion US in

foreign aid In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid, economic aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. The ...

to rebuild Europe.

Unknown dates

IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is ...

(United Kingdom) is formed."Year by Year 1951".

History Channel International Vice TV (also known as Vice on TV, or simply Vice, and formerly known as Viceland) is an American basic cable television channel that launched on February 29, 2016. It is a part of the Viceland family of television channels programmed by Vice Me ...

. * An 18-year-old sailor is fined for kissing in public in

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

. The law court calls his actions "obnoxious behavior repulsive to the public morals". * The continental United States becomes

malaria Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...

-free.

Births

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

Ashfaq Hussain Ashfaq Hussain Zaidi, PP, (born 1 January 1951) is a Pakistani Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' ...

, Urdu poet **

Nana Patekar Vishwanath Patekar (born 1 January 1951), better known as Nana Patekar, is an Indian actor, film maker, mainly working in Hindi language, Hindi and Marathi language, Marathi cinema. Widely regarded as one of the finest and most influential actors ...

, Indian actor, screenwriter, philanthropist and filmmaker *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– Jan Fischer, 8th

Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The prime minister of the Czech Republic ( Czech: ''Předseda vlády České republiky'') is the head of the government of the Czech Republic and the '' de facto'' leader and most powerful member of the executive branch. The Constitution provid ...

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Charles W. Mills, British-born American philosopher (d.

2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...

) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– Bakunde Ilo Pablo, Congolese musician *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

Kenny Anthony Kenny Davis Anthony (born 8 January 1951Government page on Anthony
.) is a

, Lucian politician, two-time Prime Minister of Saint Lucia **

John McTiernan John Campbell McTiernan Jr. (born January 8, 1951) is an American former filmmaker best known for his action films. His work as director includes ''Predator (film), Predator'' (1987), ''Die Hard'' (1988), and ''The Hunt for Red October (film), ...

, American film-maker *

–

Crystal Gayle Brenda Gail Webb (born January 9, 1951), known professionally as Crystal Gayle, is an American country music singer widely known for her 1977 hit " Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue". Initially, Gayle's management and record label were the same ...

, American country music singer *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...

Rush Limbaugh Rush Hudson Limbaugh III ( ; January 12, 1951 – February 17, 2021) was an American Conservatism in the United States, conservative political commentator who was the host of ''The Rush Limbaugh Show'', which first aired in 1984 and was nati ...

, American conservative radio personality (d.

) ** Chris Bell, American musician (d.

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

–

Elijah Cummings Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951October 17, 2019) was an American politician and civil rights advocate who served in the United States House of Representatives for from 1996 until his death in 2019, when he was succeeded by his predecess ...

, African-American politician (d.

2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...

) *

– Rouslan Saghabalyan, Russian writer, journalist and screenwriter *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

–

Sully Sullenberger Chesley Burnett "Sully" Sullenberger III (born January 23, 1951) is an American retired aircraft pilot, diplomat and aviation safety expert. He is best known for his actions as Pilot in command, captain of US Airways Flight 1549 on January ...

, American diplomat and pilot *

–

Steve Prefontaine Steve Roland Prefontaine (January 25, 1951 – May 30, 1975) was an American long-distance runner who from 1973 to 1975 set American records at every distance from 2,000 to 10,000 meters. He competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, and he w ...

, American runner (d.

1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

–

Phil Collins Philip David Charles Collins (born 30 January 1951) is an English musician, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was the drummer and later became the lead singer of the rock band Genesis (band), Genesis and had a successful solo career, ac ...

, English rock musician and producer *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

Harry Wayne Casey Harry Wayne Casey (born January 31, 1951), better known by his stage name KC, is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter. He is best known for his band, KC and the Sunshine Band, with co-founder Richard Finch (musician), Richard Fi ...

(KC), American musician, songwriter and producer **

Phil Manzanera Phillip Geoffrey Targett-Adams (born 31 January 1951), known professionally as Phil Manzanera, is an English musician, songwriter and record producer. He is the lead guitarist with Roxy Music, and was the lead guitarist with 801 and Quiet Sun. ...

, British rock musician

February

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

Blaise Compaoré Blaise Compaoré (born 3 February 1951)''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 76–77.

, 3rd

President of Burkina Faso The president of Burkina Faso () is the head of state of Burkina Faso and as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso. It is the highest office in Burkina Faso and has significant executive power, including appointin ...

(1987-

2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...

) ** Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager * February 10 – Bob Iger, American CEO of The Walt Disney Company *

– Rossana Ordóñez, Venezuelan journalist (d.

) *February 14 – Kevin Keegan, English footballer and manager * February 15 ** Melissa Manchester, American pop singer ** Jane Seymour (actress), Jane Seymour, English actress * February 16 – William Katt, American film, television actor *

– Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic Sufi scholar, leader *February 20 **Gordon Brown, Scottish-born

**Edward Albert, American film and television actor (d. 2006) *February 22 – Ellen Greene, American actress *February 23 – Patricia Richardson, American actress *February 24 – Debra Jo Rupp, American actress *

– Don Quarrie, Jamaican sprinter *

– Steve Harley, British glam rock singer-songwriter (d. 2024)

March

* March 1 – Deb Fischer, US Senator * March 3 – Heizō Takenaka, Japanese economist * March 4 ** Edelgard Bulmahn, German politician ** Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager ** Linda Yamamoto, Japanese pop star *

– Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004) * March 8 – Karen Kain, Canadian ballerina * March 9 – Zakir Hussain (musician), Zakir Hussian, Indian tabla virtuoso, composer, percussionist, music producer and actor * March 10 – Gloria Diaz, Filipino actress of film and television, model and beauty queen * March 13 – Charo, Spanish-American singer, entertainer *

– Jerry Greenfield, American co-founder of ''Ben & Jerry's'' ice cream * March 17 – Kurt Russell, American actor * March 18 – Ben Cohen (businessman), Ben Cohen, American co-founder of ''Ben & Jerry's'' ice cream * March 20 – Jimmie Vaughan, American blues rock guitarist and singer * March 24 – Tommy Hilfiger, American fashion designer * March 26 ** Aleksey Buldakov, Russian actor (d.

) ** Carl Wieman, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * March 30 – Wolfgang Niedecken, German singer

April

* April 4 ** Louis Hendrik Potgieter, South-African lead singer of Dschinghis Khan in Munich

(d. 1994) *

** Dean Kamen, American inventor, entrepreneur ** Fr. Sylvester Wijayakulasuriya, Parish Priest ** Guy Vanderhaeghe, Canadian author * April 6 – Rita Raave, Estonian actress * April 7 – Janis Ian, American singer-songwriter * April 8 ** Geir Haarde, Prime Minister of Iceland (2006–2009) ** Joan Sebastian, Mexican singer, songwriter (d. 2015) * April 12 – Tom Noonan, American actor * April 13 ** Peabo Bryson, African-American singer ** Peter Davison, British actor ** Max Weinberg, American drummer * April 14 ** Julian Lloyd Webber, English cellist ** Greg Winter, English biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * April 15 – Beatrix Schuba, Austrian figure skater * April 16 ** Björgvin Halldórsson, Icelandic singer ** Pierre Toutain-Dorbec, French photographer * April 17 ** Horst Hrubesch, German footballer ** Olivia Hussey, Argentine-born actress (''Romeo and Juliet'') (d. 2024) ** Milagros Mata Gil, Venezuelan novelist and essayist. * April 19 – Jóannes Eidesgaard, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands * April 20 ** Louise Jameson, British actress ** Luther Vandross, African-American R&B, soul singer, songwriter (d. 2005) *

** Tony Danza, American actor and comedian ** Vladimír Špidla, 4th

* April 22 – Paul Carrack, English singer *

– Enda Kenny, 13th Taoiseach of Ireland * April 27 ** Jim Justice, American politician ** Ace Frehley, American rock guitarist (Kiss (band), Kiss) ** Freundel Stuart, 7th Prime Minister of Barbados * April 29 ** Kwesi Amissah-Arthur, Ghanaian economist, academic and politician (d. 2018) ** Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (Death of Dale Earnhardt, d. 2001)

May

– Christopher Cross, American singer-songwriter * May 6 ** Antonio Saldías, Chilean historian ** Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (d. 1990) * May 9 ** Christopher Dewdney, Canadian poet ** Joy Harjo, Native American poet * May 13 – Jumbo Tsuruta, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2000) *

** Yoshifumi Hibako, Japanese general ** Jonathan Richman, American musician ** Frank Wilczek, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * May 16 – Unshō Ishizuka, Japanese voice actor (d. 2018) ** Jonathan Richman, American musician * May 18 – Ben Feringa, Dutch organic chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * May 19 ** Joey Ramone, American rock musician (Ramones) (d. 2001) ** Dick Slater, American professional wrestler (d. 2018) * May 20 ** Christie Blatchford, Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster (d. 2020) ** Mike Crapo, US Senator- R-Idaho * May 22 – Kenneth Bianchi, American serial killer and rapist *

** Jill E. Barad, American businessperson ** Anatoly Karpov, Russian chess player ** Antonis Samaras, Greek economist, politician and 185th Prime Minister of Greece *

– Jamaluddin Jarjis, Malaysian politician (d. 2015) * May 26 ** Ramón Calderón, Spanish lawyer and businessman ** Lou van den Dries, Dutch mathematician ** Sally Ride, American astronaut (d. 2012) ** Madeleine Taylor-Quinn, Irish politician * May 30 ** Stephen Tobolowsky, American actor ** Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay * May 31 – Jimmy Nalls, American guitarist (Sea Level (band), Sea Level) (d. 2017)

June

Bonnie Tyler ESC - United Kingdom 01 crop

* June 2 **Jeanine Pirro, Lebanese-American attorney, politician and conservative political commentator **Larry Robinson, Canadian hockey player * June 3 – Jill Biden, First Lady of the United States * June 8 – Bonnie Tyler, Welsh pop singer * June 9 – James Newton Howard, American musician, composer * June 12 ** Brad Delp, American rock vocalist (d. 2007) ** Andranik Margaryan, 14th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 2007) * June 13 ** Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor ** Richard Thomas (actor), Richard Thomas, American actor *

– Paul Boateng, British politician *

– Álvaro Colom, 35th President of Guatemala (d. 2023) * June 16 – Roberto Durán, Panamanian boxer * June 17 – Shahidan Kassim, Malaysian politician * June 18 ** Gyula Sax, Hungarian chess grandmaster (d. 2014) ** Steve Miner, American film, television director, film producer * June 20 ** Tress MacNeille, American voice actress ** Paul Muldoon, Irish-born poet * June 21 – Nils Lofgren, American musician * June 23 – Michèle Mouton, French rally driver * June 25 – Elvy Sukaesih, Indonesian dangdut singer * June 27 ** Ulf Andersson, Swedish chess player ** Madan Bhandari, Nepalese politician (d. 1993) ** Mary McAleese, 8th President of Ireland * June 28 ** Mick Cronin (rugby league), Mick Cronin, Australian rugby league player ** Daniel Ruiz, Spanish footballer * June 29 – Zvi Eliezer Alonie, Israeli rabbi * June 30 – Stanley Clarke, American bassist

July

** Sabah Abdul-Jalil, Iraqi footballer and coach (d. 2021) ** Abdul Karim Jassim, Iraqi footballer and coach ** Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Djiboutian politician ** Thomas Boni Yayi, 7th President of Benin * July 2 ** Elisabeth Brooks, Canadian actress (d. 1997) ** Wiesław Gawlikowski, Polish sport shooter * July 3 ** Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer ** Lodewijk Jacobs, Dutch sprint canoer *

** Beverly Boys, Canadian diver ** S. S. Ahluwalia, Indian politician * July 5 ** Goose Gossage, American baseball player ** Yehoshua Gal, Israeli footballer ** Gilbert Van Binst, Belgian footballer * July 6 – Geoffrey Rush, Australian actor * July 7 – Menachem Ben-Sasson, Israeli politician * July 8 – Anjelica Huston, American actress * July 9 ** Jeje Odongo, Ugandan military officer and politician ** Chris Cooper, American actor * July 12 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress and singer * July 14 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003) * July 15 ** Folorunso Alakija, Nigerian businesswoman ** Rick Kehoe, Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach *

– Franco Serantini, Italian anarchist (d. 1972) * July 18 ** Eva Wittke, German swimmer ** Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician * July 21 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014) * July 24 ** Lynda Carter, American actress and singer ** Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury, Chris Smith, British politician * July 25 – Yury Kovalchuk, Russian oligarch *

– Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, German politician *

** Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, Spanish politician (d.

) ** Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer * July 31 ** Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player ** Vjekoslav Šutej, Croatian orchestral conductor (d. 2009)

August

* August 2 – Andrew Gold, American singer-songwriter and musician (10cc, Wax (pop band), Wax) (d. 2011) * August 3 – Marcel Dionne, Canadian hockey player * August 6 – Catherine Hicks, American actress * August 8 ** Louis van Gaal, Dutch footballer and manager ** Mohamed Morsi, Egyptian politician, 5th President of Egypt (d.

) ** Mamoru Oshii, Japanese film director ** Randy Shilts, American journalist and author (d. 1994) * August 10 – Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize *

– Katsumi Chō, Japanese voice actor * August 13 – Dan Fogelberg, American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (d. 2007) * August 14 – Carl Lumbly, American actor * August 15 – Jim Allen (cricketer), Jim Allen, West Indian cricketer * August 16 – Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, 13th President of Nigeria (d. 2010) * August 19 – John Deacon, English rock bassist * August 20 – Greg Bear, American author (d. 2022) * August 21 ** Eric Goles, Chilean mathematician and computer scientist ** Chesley V. Morton, American politician and securities arbitrator * August 22 – Chandra Prakash Mainali, Nepalese politician * August 23 ** Jimi Jamison, American musician (Survivor (band), Survivor) (d. 2014) ** Akhmad Kadyrov, President of Chechnya (d. 2004) ** Queen Noor of Jordan, born Lisa Najeeb Halaby, American-born queen consort * August 24 – Orson Scott Card, American writer * August 25 – Rob Halford, English rock singer * August 26 – Edward Witten, American mathematician, Fields medalist * August 28 – Wayne Osmond, American pop singer (d. 2025) * August 30 ** Behgjet Pacolli, 3rd President of Kosovo. ** Dana Rosemary Scallon, Irish singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1970 winner and Member of the European Parliament (MEP)

September

** Jim DeMint, American politician, United States Senator (R-SC) ** Mark Harmon, American actor * September 3 – D. Rolland Jennings, American politician * September 4 – Judith Ivey, American actress * September 5 – Michael Keaton, American actor * September 7 – Chrissie Hynde, American rock singer *

– Alexander Downer, Australian politician, diplomat * September 12 ** Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland ** Joe Pantoliano, American actor * September 13 ** Jean Smart, American actress ** Salva Kiir Mayardit, 1st President of South Sudan * September 14 ** Duncan Haldane, English-born condensed-matter physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics ** Volodymyr Melnykov, Ukraine, Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter and composer * September 15 ** Pete Carroll, American football coach ** Fred Seibert, American producer and Frederator Studios founder * September 17 – Cassandra Peterson, American actress, known for her role in ''Elvira, Mistress of the Dark'' * September 18 – Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (d. 2002) *

** Guy Lafleur, Canadian hockey player (d. 2022) ** Javier Marías, Spanish novelist (d. 2022) * September 21 – Aslan Maskhadov, President of Chechnya (d. 2005) * September 22 ** David Coverdale, English singer and musician ** Wolfgang Petry, German singer * September 24 – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala * September 25 ** Mark Hamill, American actor, known for his role in ''Star Wars'' ** Bob McAdoo, American basketball player and coach *

– Stuart Tosh, Scottish musician * September 28 – Jim Diamond (singer), Jim Diamond, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2015) * September 29 ** Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile ** Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (d. 1977) ** Maureen Caird, Australian hurdler *

– Barry Marshall, Australian physician and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

October

– Sting (musician), Sting, British singer, rock musician, philanthropist *

** Keb' Mo', American musician ** Kathryn D. Sullivan, American astronaut ** Dave Winfield, American baseball player * October 4 – Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov, Kazakhs, Kazakh poet * October 5 – Bob Geldof, Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats) *

– Manfred Winkelhock, German racing driver (d. 1985) * October 7 ** Jakaya Kikwete, 4th President of Tanzania ** John Mellencamp, American musician and songwriter * October 10 – Epeli Ganilau, Fijian soldier and statesman (d. 2023) * October 11 ** Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer and songwriter ** Jon Miller, American sports announcer *

** Hani Al-Mulki, Prime Minister of Jordan ** Rafael Vaganian, Armenian chess grandmaster * October 17 ** Prabowo Subianto, Indonesian politician, businessman, retired honorary army general, 8th President of Indonesia. * October 18 ** Pam Dawber, American actress ** Mike Antonovich (ice hockey), Mike Antonovich, American ice hockey player and executive ** Terry McMillan, American author *

– Annie Golden, Americana actress * October 20 – Claudio Ranieri, Italian football manager and player * October 22 – William David Sanders, American victim of the Columbine High School massacre (d. 1999) * October 23 – Charly García, Argentine musician and songwriter *

** Willie P. Bennett, Canadian songwriter and singer (d. 2008) ** Bootsy Collins, American musician, singer-songwriter *

– Éric Morena, French singer (d.

) * October 30 – Harry Hamlin, American actor

November

– Thomas Mallon, American author and critic * November 3 – Ed Murawinski, American cartoonist (''New York Daily News'') * November 4 ** Traian Băsescu, President of Romania ** Hal Malchow, political consultant (d. 2024) * November 5 – Prince B.B Apugo, Nigerian politician * November 7 – Dennis Allen (criminal), Dennis Allen, Australian criminal and drug dealer, eldest son of Kath Pettingill (d. 1987) * November 8 – Alfredo Astiz, Argentine commander * November 9 ** Martin Khor, Malaysian journalist and economist (d. 2020) ** Lou Ferrigno, American actor and bodybuilder *

– Danilo Medina, Dominican politician 53rd President of the Dominican Republic *

– Marcelo Rezende, Brazilian journalist and television presenter (d. 2017) * November 15 ** Alamgir Hashmi, English poet ** Beverly D'Angelo, American actress and singer * November 16 ** Miguel Sandoval, American actor ** Paula Vogel, American playwright * November 17 – Stephen Root, American actor * November 18 – Justin Raimondo, American political activist (d.

) * November 19 – Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician *

– Rodger Bumpass, American voice actor known for his role as Squidward Tentacles on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' * November 21 – Thomas Roth (journalist), Thomas Roth, German television news anchor and presenter * November 24 – Chet Edwards, American politician * November 26 – Ilona Staller, Cicciolina, Hungarian-Italian actress and politician * November 27 – Teri DeSario, American singer-songwriter *

** Kathryn Bigelow, American film director ** Roger Troutman, American funk musician (d. 1999) * November 30 – Christian Bernard, French-born mystic

December

Carlos Menem recibe a Ernesto Zedillo 06

* December 1 ** Obba Babatundé, American actor ** Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (d. 1987) ** Treat Williams, American actor, writer and aviator (d. 2023) * December 2 – Adrian Devine, American baseball pitcher (d. 2020) *

** Natalis Chan, Hong Kong actor and producer ** Riki Choshu, Korean-Japanese professional wrestler * December 4 ** Chang Fei, Taiwanese television personality ** Patricia Wettig, American actress * December 7 – Richard Darbois, French-Canadian voice actor * December 8 ** Bill Bryson, American-born British non-fiction author ** Jan Eggum, Norwegian singer and songwriter * December 11 – Peter T. Daniels, American writing systems scholar * December 12 – Wau Holland, German hacker (d. 2001) * December 14 ** Mike Krüger, German comedian and singer ** Jan Timman, Dutch chess player *

– Ken Hitchcock, Canadian hockey coach * December 27 – Levy Fidelix, Brazilian politician, businessman, and journalist (d.

) ** Ernesto Zedillo, 54th President of Mexico (1994–2000)

Full date unknown

*Peter Hargitay, public relations executive and a partner of the European Consultancy Network

Deaths

January

– Georgios Drossinis, Greek author, poet, scholar and editor (b. 1859) *

** Yasunosuke Gonda, Japanese sociologist and theorist (b. 1887) ** Andrei Platonov, Russian-born Soviet writer (b. 1899) * January 6 ** Ken Le Breton, Australian speedway rider (b. 1924) ** Maila Talvio, Finnish writer, nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1871) * January 7 ** René Guénon, French metaphysician (b. 1886) ** Lucien Cuénot, French biologist (b. 1866) * January 10 – Sinclair Lewis, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885) *

** Jacques de Baroncelli, French director and screenwriter (b. 1881) ** Prince Maximilian of Saxony (1870–1951), Prince Maximilian of Saxony (b. 1870) * January 13 ** Dorothea Bate, British palaeontologist, a pioneer of archaeozoology (b. 1878) ** Florence Kahn (actress), Florence Kahn, American actress (b. 1878) ** Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and eminence (b. 1871) *

– Ernest Swinton, Sir Ernest Swinton, British Army general (b. 1868) * January 16 – Tsunejirō Ishii, Japanese admiral (b. 1887) * January 17 – Franziskus Hennemann, South African Titular bishop and reverend (b. 1882) *

** Amy Carmichael, Irish missionary to India (b. 1867) ** Jack Holt (actor), Jack Holt, American actor (b. 1888) *

– Yuriko Miyamoto, Japanese novelist (b. 1899) * January 22 – Harald Bohr, Danish mathematician and footballer (b. 1887) *

– Robert J. Blackham, British general and author (b. 1868) * January 27 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish military leader and statesman, 6th President of Finland (b. 1867) * January 28 ** Dominic Salvatore Gentile, American pilot (b. 1920) ** Petar Dujam Munzani, Italian Roman Catholic archbishop and reverend (b. 1890) * January 29 – Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (b. 1880) *

– Ferdinand Porsche, German auto engineer (b. 1875)

February

– Blas Taracena Aguirre, Spanish archaeologist (b. 1895) *

**Choudhry Rahmat Ali, one of the founding fathers of Pakistan (b. 1895) ** Zaifeng, Prince Chun, Qing Dynasty prince (b. 1883) * February 8 ** Fritz Thyssen, German businessman and industrialist (b. 1873) ** Zygmunt Szendzielarz, Polish commander (b. 1910) * February 9 – Eddy Duchin, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1909) * February 13 – Lloyd C. Douglas, American author (b. 1877) * February 14 – Andrés Barbero, Paraguayan scientist and botanist (b. 1877) * February 18 ** Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer (b. 1874) ** Miloš Slovák, Czech painter (b. 1885) *

– André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) * February 22 – Alfred Lindley, American Olympic rower - Men's eights (b. 1904) * February 28 ** Henry W. Armstrong, American boxer and songwriter (b. 1879) ** Giannina Russ, Italian soprano (b. 1873)

March

* March 1 – Maria Dickin, British social reformer (b. 1870) * March 2 ** Cassiano Conzatti, Italian botanist, explorer and pteridologist (b. 1862) ** Al Taylor (actor), Al Taylor, American actor (b. 1887) * March 4 ** Anna Berentine Anthoni, Norwegian trade unionist and politician (b. 1884) ** Zoltán Meszlényi, Hungarian Roman Catholic priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1892) *

** Ivor Novello, British actor, musician and composer (b. 1893) ** Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist, 1st Prime Minister of Ukraine (b. 1880) * March 7 – Prince Rangsit Prayurasakdi (b. 1885) * March 8 – Charles Coleman (actor), Charles Coleman, American actor (b. 1885) * March 10 – Kijūrō Shidehara, Japanese diplomat, 31st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1872) * March 12 – Alfred Hugenberg, German businessman and politician (b. 1865) * March 13 – Ants Kaljurand, Ants "the Terrible" Kaljurand, Estonian anti-communist, freedom fighter and forest brother (b. 1917) *

– Val Lewton, American producer and screenwriter (b. 1904) * March 16 – Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Polish politician and educator, 24th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1885) * March 17 – Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria (b. 1888) * March 19 ** Dmytro Doroshenko, Soviet political figure (b. 1882) ** Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger, Dutch biologist and politician (b. 1867) * March 20 – Alfredo Baquerizo, 19th President of Ecuador (b. 1859) * March 21 – Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (b. 1871) * March 24 – José Enrique Varela, Spanish military officer (b. 1871) * March 25 ** Eddie Collins, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1887) ** Oscar Micheaux, American filmmaker (b. 1884) *

– Ralph Forbes, American actor (b. 1896)

April

* April 2 – Mikhail Vladimirsky, Soviet politician (b. 1874) * April 4 – George Albert Smith, 8th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1870) *

– Cường Để, Vietnamese revolutionary leader (b. 1882) * April 6 – Robert Broom, British paleontologist (b. 1866) * April 9 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862) *

** Peter Enzenauer, Canadian politician (b. 1878) ** Joe King (actor), Joe King, American actor (b. 1883) * April 14 ** Ernest Bevin, British labour leader, politician and statesman (b. 1881) ** Al Christie, Canadian film director and producer (b. 1881) * April 16 – Adolph Bolm, Russian-American dancer and choreographer (b. 1881) *

– Óscar Carmona, 96th Prime Minister of Portugal and 11th President of Portugal (b. 1869) * April 19 – Frank Hopkins, American professional horseman, soldier (b. 1865) * April 20 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian politician and statesman, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1873) *

– Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus, Dutch lepidopterist (b. 1894) * April 22 – Horace Donisthorpe, British myrmecologist (b. 1870) * April 23 – Charles G. Dawes, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 30th Vice President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865) * April 25 – Shyam (actor), Shyam, Hindi actor (b. 1920) * April 26 – Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist (b. 1868) * April 29 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian philosopher (b. 1889)

May

– Klymentiy Sheptytsky, Soviet Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1869) * May 2 ** Alphonse de Châteaubriant, French writer (b. 1877) ** Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi politician (b. 1921) *

– Homero Manzi, Argentine Tango lyricist and author (b. 1907) * May 5 ** Eddie Dunn (actor), Eddie Dunn, American actor (b. 1896) ** John Flynn (minister), John Flynn, Australian medical services pioneer (b. 1880) ** Andronicus Rudenko, Greek Orthodox priest and blessed (b. 1874) * May 6 – Henri Carton de Wiart, 23rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1869) * May 7 – Warner Baxter, American actor (b. 1889) *

– Pat Hartigan (actor), Pat Hartigan, American actor and director (b. 1881) * May 10 – Nikola Mushanov, 23rd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1872) * May 16 – François Hussenot, French engineer (b. 1912) * May 17 ** William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, British field marshal (b. 1865) ** Mary Emelia Moore, New Zealand Presbyterian missionary in China (b. 1869) ** Empress Teimei of Japan, Empress consort of Emperor Taishō (b. 1884) * May 18 – Gaspar Agüero Barreras, Cuban composer, pianist and composer (b. 1873) * May 20 – Marguerite Merington, English-American author (b. 1857) *

– Antonio Gandusio, Italian actor (b. 1875) *

** Franz Klebusch, German actor (b. 1887) ** Paula von Preradović, Austrian poet and writer (b. 1887) * May 27 – Sir Thomas Blamey, Australian field marshal (b. 1884) * May 29 ** Fanny Brice, American entertainer (b. 1891) ** Antonio Mosca, Italian painter (b. 1870) * May 30 ** Hermann Broch, Austrian author (b. 1886) ** Reginald Tyrwhitt, Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, British admiral (b. 1870)

June

* June 1 ** José Alejandrino, Filipino general (b. 1870) ** Rafael Altamira y Crevea, Spanish historian and jurist (b. 1866) ** Ludvig Oskar, Estonian painter (b. 1874) * June 4 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-born conductor (b. 1874) *

** Paul Blobel, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1894) ** Werner Braune, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1909) ** Erich Naumann, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1905) **

, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1907) ** Oswald Pohl, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1892) * June 9 – Mayo Methot, American actress (b. 1904) * June 13 –

, Australian politician, 16th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885) * June 16 ** Pyotr Pavlenko, Soviet writer and screenwriter (b. 1899) ** Thomas Alan Goldsborough, American politician, member of the US House of Representatives from 1921 to 1939 and a United States district judge from 1939 to 1951 (b. 1877) * June 21 ** Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer, discovered two moons of Jupiter (Himalia (moon), Himalia and Elara (moon), Elara) (b. 1867) ** Ville Kiviniemi, Finnish politician (b. 1877) * June 25 – Ferdinand Budicki, Croatian pioneer (b. 1871) * June 27 – David Warfield, American stage actor (b. 1866) * June 28 – Maria Pia Mastena, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1881) * June 29 – Juan Rivero Torres, Bolivian engineer and statesman (b. 1897)

July

* July 2 – Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (b. 1875) * July 3 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish writer and journalist (b. 1922) * July 9 ** Harry Heilmann, American baseball player (Detroit Tigers) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1894) ** Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter and pianist (b. 1878) *

– Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874) * July 15 – Florentino Collantes, Filipino poet (b. 1896) * July 17 ** Charles Desplanques, French anarchist and journalist (b. 1877) ** Riad Al Solh, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1894) * July 18 ** Ludovico di Caporiacco, Italian arachnologist (b. 1901) ** Antti Juutilainen, Finnish farmer and politician (b. 1882) *

** King

(assassinated) (b. 1882) ** Elías Ahúja y Andría, Spanish philanthropist, politician, businessman and academic (b. 1863) ** Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (b. 1882) *

** Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (b. 1884) **

, French World War I marshal, leader of Vichy France, 78th Prime Minister of France (b. 1856) * July 25 – Henrik Ramsay, Finnish politician and economist (b. 1886) *

– Juozas Gabrys, Lithuanian politician and diplomat (b. 1880) * July 30 – Max Horton, Sir Max Horton, British admiral (b. 1883) * July 31 – Cho Ki-chon, Korean poet (b. 1913)

August

* August 14 – William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper publisher (b. 1863) * August 15 – Artur Schnabel, Austrian-born Jewish classical pianist (b. 1882) * August 16 – Louis Jouvet, French actor and director (b. 1887) * August 19 – Władysław Wróblewski, Polish politician, scientist, diplomat and lawyer, provisional Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1875) * August 21 – Constant Lambert, British composer (b. 1905) * August 24 ** Henri Rivière (painter), Henri Rivière, French painter (b. 1864) ** Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven, Cuban lawyer (b. 1865) * August 26 – Bill Barilko, Canadian hockey player (b. 1927) * August 28 – Robert Walker (actor, born 1918), Robert Walker, American actor (b. 1918)

September

** Louis Lavelle, French philosopher (b. 1883) ** Wols, German painter and photographer (b. 1913) *

– Antoine Bibesco, Romanian aristocrat, lawyer, diplomat and writer (b. 1878) * September 3 ** Ernestina Lecuona y Casado, Cuban pianist, musician, educator and composer (b. 1882) ** Enrico Valtorta, Italian Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong and reverend (b. 1883) ** Serge Voronoff, Russian-born French surgeon (b. 1866) * September 5 – Mário Eloy, Portuguese painter (b. 1900) * September 7 ** Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912) ** John French Sloan, American artist (b. 1871) *

** Anton Golopenția, Romanian sociologist (b. 1909) ** Gibson Gowland, British actor (b. 1877) *

– Giuseppe Mulè, Italian composer and conductor (b. 1885) * September 15 – Jacinto Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1895) * September 17 ** František Nušl, Czechoslovak astronomer and mathematician (b. 1867) ** Jimmy Yancey, American pianist and composer (b. 1898) * September 18 ** Márton Rátkai, Hungarian actor (b. 1881) ** Tomonaga Sanjūrō, Japanese philosopher (b. 1871) *

– Ioan Dimăncescu, Romania army officer (b. 1898) * September 27 – Augusto de Vasconcelos, Portuguese surgeon, politician and diplomat, 57th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1867) * September 29 – Thomas Cahill (soccer), Thomas Cahill, American soccer coach (b. 1864)

October

* October 4 – Henrietta Lacks, American originator of the HeLa cell (biology), cell line (b. 1920) *

** Will Keith Kellogg, American industrialist, founder of the Kellogg Company (b. 1860) ** Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-born physician and biochemist (b. 1884) * October 12 – Leon Errol, Australian-born actor and comedian (b. 1881) *

– Herman Charles Bosman, South African writer and journalist (b. 1905) *

, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (assassinated) (b. 1895) ** Saad Akbar Babrak, Afghan assassin (b. 1921 or 1922) * October 17 – József Farkas (politician), József Farkas, Hungarian nobleman, jurist and politician (b. 1857) * October 23 – Fernando Poe Sr., Filipino actor (b. 1916) *

** Al Baker (magician), Al Baker, American magician (b. 1874) ** Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland (b. 1861) ** Clarence Stewart Williams, American admiral (b. 1863) * October 25 – Amélie of Orléans, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1865) *

** William S. Finucane, American businessman and politician (b. 1888) ** Óscar Pérez Solís, Spanish artillery officer, engineer, jurist and politician (b. 1882) * October 28 – Mady Christians, Austrian actress (b. 1892) * October 29 – Nam Cao, Vietnamese short story write and novelist (b. 1915) * October 30 – Gustav Smedal, Norwegian jurist (b. 1888)

November

* November 3 ** Aleksei Badayev, Soviet functionary (b. 1883) ** Richard Wallace (director), Richard Wallace, American film director (b. 1894) * November 4 – Khelifa Belkacem, Algerian chaabi singer (b. 1907) * November 5 ** Agrippina Vaganova, Soviet ballerina (b. 1879) ** Reggie Walker (sprinter), Reggie Walker, South African Olympic athlete (b. 1889) * November 9 ** Luigi Beltrame Quattrocchi, Italian Roman Catholic layman and blessed (b. 1880) ** Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born American composer (b. 1887) * November 13 – Nikolai Medtner, Soviet pianist and composer (b. 1880) * November 14 – Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere, Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta (b. 1866) * November 15 – Robert Elliott (actor, born 1879), Robert Elliott, American actor (b. 1879) *

** Thomas Quinlan (impresario), Thomas Quinlan, British opera singer (b. 1881) ** Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (b. 1886) * November 21 ** Jean Trescases, a French Chief warrant officer, during the First Indochina War (b. 1916) * November 23 – Enrichetta Alfieri, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1891) **Ju Zheng, Chinese politician (b. 1876) * November 25 ** István Friedrich, 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883) ** Harry B. Liversedge, American general (b. 1894) * November 27 – Timrava, Slovak novelist (b. 1867) *

– Pramathesh Barua, Indian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1903)

December

* December 1 – Felix Petyrek, Austrian composer (b. 1892) * December 4 – Pedro Salinas, Spanish poet (b. 1891) * December 5 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) (b. 1887) *

** J. Edward Bromberg, Hungarian-born character actor (b. 1903) ** André Gobert, French tennis player (b. 1890) ** Harold Ross, American editor (b.1892) * December 10 – Algernon Blackwood, British writer (b. 1869) * December 11 ** Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison, British politician and physician (b. 1869) ** Selim Palmgren, Finnish composer, pianist and conductor (b. 1878) * December 12 – Bill Patton (actor), Bill Patton, American actor (b. 1894) * December 15 – Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth, British diplomat, 1st Secretary-General of the League of Nations (b. 1876) * December 19 ** Barton Yarborough, American actor (b. 1900) ** Umberto Cassuto, Italian rabbi and biblical scholar (b. 1883) *

– Anton Durcovici, Austro-Hungarian born Romanian Roman Catholic bishop and blessed (b. 1888) * December 23 – Enrique Santos Discépolo, Argentine tango and milonga musician and composer (b. 1901) *

– Raffaele Rossetti, Italian engineer and military naval officer (b. 1881) *

– Maxim Litvinov, Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat (b. 1876)

Date unknown

* Ștefan Burileanu, Romanian general, engineer, inventor, and academic (b. 1874)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Edwin McMillan and Glenn T. Seaborg * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Max Theiler * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Pär Lagerkvist * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Léon Jouhaux

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1951 1951,