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1978
Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary (also known as Stephen of Hungary Crown) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since World War II. * January 10 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, a critic of the Nicaraguan government, is assassinated; riots erupt against Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Somoza's government. * January 13 – Former American Vice President Hubert Humphrey, a Democrat, dies of cancer in Waverly, Minnesota, at the age of 66. * January 18 – The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture. * January 22 – Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany ''persona non grata''. * January 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 FIFA World Cup
The 1978 FIFA World Cup was the 11th edition of the FIFA World Cup, a Anniversary#Latin-derived numerical names, quadrennial international Association football, football world championship tournament among the men's senior national teams. It was held in Argentina between 1 and 25 June. The Cup was won by the host nation, Argentina national football team, Argentina, who defeated the Netherlands national football team, Netherlands 3–1 in the final, after extra time. The final was held at Club Atlético River Plate, River Plate's home stadium, Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, Estadio Monumental, in the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires. This win was the first World Cup title for Argentina, who became the fifth team (after Uruguay national football team, Uruguay, Italy national football team, Italy, England national football team, England, and Germany national football team, West Germany) to be both hosts and world champions and the third South American team to win a W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonestown
The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name "Jonestown", was a remote settlement in Guyana established by the Peoples Temple, an American religious movement under the leadership of Jim Jones. Jonestown became internationally infamous when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 918 people died at the settlement; at the nearby Port Kaituma Airport, airstrip in Port Kaituma; and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations. A total of 909 individuals died in Jonestown itself, all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning, a significant number of whom were injected against their will. Jones and some Peoples Temple members referred to the act as a "revolutionary suicide" on an audio tape of the event, and in prior recorded discussions. The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others, including Member of Congress#United State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saur Revolution
The Saur Revolution (; ), also known as the April Revolution or the April Coup, was a violent coup d'état and uprising staged on 27–28 April 1978 (, ) by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which overthrew President of Afghanistan, Afghan president Mohammad Daoud Khan, who had himself taken power in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état and established an Autocracy, autocratic One-party state, one-party system in the country. Daoud and most of his family were executed at the Arg, Kabul, Arg presidential palace in the capital city of Kabul by Khalq, Khalqist (a PDPA faction) Officer (armed forces), military officers, after which his supporters were also purged and killed. The successful PDPA uprising resulted in the creation of a Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, socialist Afghan government that was closely aligned with the Soviet Union, with Nur Muhammad Taraki serving as the PDPA's General Secretary of the Revolutionary Council. (also rendered ) is the Dari-language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldo Moro
Aldo Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 to June 1968 and from November 1974 to July 1976. Moro served as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 1969 to July 1972 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. During his ministry, he implemented a pro-Arab policy. Moreover, he was appointed Italy's Minister of Justice (Italy), Minister of Justice and of Minister of Public Education (Italy), Public Education during the 1950s. From March 1959 until January 1964, he served as secretary of the DC. On 16 March 1978, he was kidnapping of Moro, kidnapped by the far-left terrorist group Red Brigades; he was killed after 55 days of captivity. Moro was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war prime ministers, leading the country for more than six years. Moro implemented a series of soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 Tabas Earthquake
The 1978 Tabas earthquake (Persian: زمینلرزه ۱۳۵۷ طبس) occurred on September 16 at 19:05:55 local time in central Iran. The shock measured 7.4 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX+ (''Violent''). The death toll was in the range of 15,000–25,000, with severe damage occurring in the town of Tabas. Tectonic setting Iran is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, being crossed by several major faults that cover at least 90% of the country. The Iranian plateau is confined by the Turan platform in the north and the Zagros fold and thrust belt and Makran Trench in the south. The Arabian plate is converging to the north with the Eurasian plate at a rate of per year, and is diffused across a zone resulting in continental shortening and thickening throughout the plateau, with strike-slip and reverse faulting present, as well as subduction at the Makran coast. In eastern Iran, the shortening is accommodated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidnapping And Murder Of Aldo Moro
The kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro, also referred to in Italy as the Moro case (), was a seminal event in Italian political history. On the morning of 16 March 1978, the day on which a new cabinet led by Giulio Andreotti was to have undergone a confidence vote in the Italian Parliament, the car of Aldo Moro, former prime minister and then president of the Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy party (Italian: ''Democrazia Cristiana'', or DC, Italy's relative majority party at the time), was assaulted by a group of far-left terrorists known as the Red Brigades (Italian: ''Brigate Rosse'', or BR) in via Fani in Rome. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards — two ''Carabinieri'' in Moro's car and three policemen in the following car — and kidnapped him. The events remain a national trauma. Ezio Mauro of ''La Repubblica'' described the events as Italy's 9/11. While Italy was not the sole European country to experience extremist terrorism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the president of the United States in Maryland.Camp David Accords – Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs The two framework agreements were signed at the and were witnessed by President Jimmy Carter. The second of these framewor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barakzai Dynasty
The Barakzai dynasty (, "Sons of Barak"), also known as the Muhammadzai dynasty ("the ruling sub-clan of the Barakzai"), ruled what is now Afghanistan from 1823 to 1978, when the monarchy ended de jure under Musahiban Mohammad Zahir Shah and de facto under his cousin Mohammad Daoud Khan. The Barakzai dynasty was established by Dost Mohammad Khan after the Durrani Empire of Ahmad Shah Durrani was removed from power. As the Pahlavi era in Iran, the Muhammadzai era was known for its progressivist modernity, practice of Sufism, peaceful security and neutrality, in which Afghanistan was referred to as the "Switzerland of Asia". History and background Ancestral background The Barakzai claim descent from the children of Israel in a direct line through the first Israeli King Saul, whose family intermarried with the family of his successor King David. King Saul's grandson the Prince (Malak) Afghana was grown up by King Solomon, acting as his commander in chief and Manager ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air India Flight 855
Air India Flight 855 was a scheduled passenger flight from Bombay (now Mumbai), India, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. On 1 January 1978, the Boeing 747 operating the flight crashed into the Arabian Sea about off the coast of Bandra, less than two minutes after take-off, killing all 213 passengers and crew on board. An investigation into the crash determined the most likely probable cause was the captain becoming spatially disoriented and losing control of the aircraft after the failure of one of the flight instruments. It was Air India's deadliest air disaster until Flight 182 in 1985 and was the deadliest airliner accident in Indian history until Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision in 1996. It is currently at third for both categories after being surpassed by Air India Flight 171 in 2025. Aircraft and crew The aircraft involved, manufactured in 1971, was a Boeing 747-237BThe aircraft was a Boeing 747-200B model; Boeing assigns a unique code for each company that buys one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 6
Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eventually lead to the Norman conquest of England. * 1205 – Philip of Swabia undergoes a second coronation as King of the Romans. * 1322 – Stephen Uroš III is crowned King of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. His son is crowned "young king" in the same ceremony. * 1355 – Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan. * 1449 – Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mystras. * 1492 – The Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella enter Granada at the conclusion of the Granada War. * 1536 – The first European school of higher learning in the Americas, Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, is founded by Vicero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182
Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 was a scheduled flight on September 25, 1978 by Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), from Sacramento to San Diego ( SAN), with a stopover at Los Angeles ( LAX). The aircraft involved was a Boeing 727-214 ( registration: N533PS), collided mid-air with a private Cessna 172 (light aircraft; N7711G) over San Diego. It was Pacific Southwest Airlines' first fatal accident and it remains the deadliest air disaster in California history. At the time, it was the deadliest air crash to occur in the United States and remained so until the crash of American Airlines Flight 191 in May 1979. With the exception of terrorism, it is now currently the seventh-deadliest. Following their collision, both the Boeing and the Cessna crashed into North Park, a residential but urban uptown neighborhood located roughly three miles northeast of downtown San Diego. PSA 182 crashed just north of the intersection of Dwight and Nile Streets, killing all 135 people aboard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 10
Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the beginning of his own, the Xin dynasty. * 69 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is appointed by Galba as deputy Roman Emperor. * 236 – Pope Fabian succeeds Anterus to become the twentieth pope of Rome. * 1072 – Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo in Sicily for the Normans. * 1430 – Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, establishes the Order of the Golden Fleece, the most prestigious, exclusive, and expensive order of chivalry in the world. * 1475 – Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui. 1601–1900 * 1645 – Archbishop William Laud is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London. * 1776 – American Revolution: Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
