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Events


January

*
January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...
– The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
. *
January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...
– A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedition against Benin. *
January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...
– A cyclone destroys Darwin,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
. *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...
– Lady Flora Shaw, future wife of Governor General Lord Lugard, officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British Niger Coast Protectorate. * January 22 – In this date's issue of the journal ''Engineering'', the word ''
computer A computer is a machine that can be Computer programming, programmed to automatically Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic set ...
'' is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...
– The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association is founded in
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
.


February

* February 10 – Freedom of religion is proclaimed in
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
. *
February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...
– The French conquer the island of Raiatea and capture the rebel chief Teraupo'o, ending the Leeward Islands War and bringing all of the Society Islands under their control. * February 18Benin is put to the torch by the British Army's Benin Expedition. Ovonramwen, Oba of Benin, is exiled from his kingdom and the Benin Bronzes are carried off to London. * February 26 – The Sigma Pi fraternity is founded in Vincennes, Indiana. * February 27 – The French military governor of
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
, Joseph Gallieni, exiles Queen Ranavalona III to
Réunion Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...
, abolishing the
monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutio ...
the next day.


March

* March 13San Diego State University is founded. * March 22Emilio Aguinaldo unseats Andrés Bonifacio at the Tejeros Convention, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group Katipunan.


April

* April 15 ** Drillers near Bartlesville, Oklahoma strike oil for the first time, in the designated "Indian Territory", on land leased from the Osage Indians. The gusher, at the Nellie Johnstone Number One well, leads to rapid population growth. ** Yamaichi Securities founded in Japan; it will cease trading a hundred years later. * April 18 – the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 Breaks out. * April 19 – The first Boston Marathon is held in the United States, with fifteen men competing, and won by John McDermott. * April 23 – Representatives of the Chickasaw Nation, Choctaw Nation and U.S. Dawes Commission sign the Atoka Agreement, which becomes an important precursor for creating the State of Oklahoma. * April 276 MayGreco-Turkish War of 1897: Battle of Velestino. * April 30J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the
electron The electron (, or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary charge, elementary electric charge. It is a fundamental particle that comprises the ordinary matter that makes up the universe, along with up qua ...
as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.


May

*
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
John Jacob Abel announces the successful isolation of epinephrine ( adrenaline), in a paper read before the Association of American Physicians. *
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
– 19 zinc miners die of carbon monoxide poisoning at Snaefell Mine on the
Isle of Man The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...
. * May 11 – A patent is awarded for the invention of the first automotive muffler, with the granting by the U.S. Patent Office of application number 582,485 to Milton Reeves and his brother Marshall T. Reeves, of the Reeves Pulley Company of Columbus, Indiana. * May 14 ** '' The Stars and Stripes Forever'', an American patriotic march by John Philip Sousa, is performed for the first time. ** (or May 15) – The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee ('' Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee'', WhK) is founded in Berlin as an LGBT campaigning organization, the first such in history. * May 19
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
is released from prison in England, and goes into voluntary exile on the continent. * May 22 – The Blackwall Tunnel, at this time the longest underwater road tunnel in the world, is opened for traffic beneath the
River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, s ...
in the East End of London by the Prince of Wales. * May 26 – Irish-born theatrical manager Bram Stoker's contemporary Gothic horror novel '' Dracula'' is first published (in London); it will influence the direction of vampire literature for the following century. * May 31 – On Decoration Day (later Memorial Day) the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial is dedicated in Boston. The bronze bas relief by Augustus St. Gaudens depicts the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment of black Civil War soldiers.


June

* June 121897 Assam earthquake: An earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 rocks Assam,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
, killing over 1,500 people. * June 18Kyoto University is officially established in
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
. *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. *168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...
– The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria is celebrated in the United Kingdom. No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
in 2012.


July

* July 11S. A. Andrée's Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months. * July 17 – The Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in
Seattle Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...
* July 25 – Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush, where he will write his first successful stories. * July 26August 2Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of
British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
(modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...
in
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
). * July 31Mount Saint Elias, the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended.


August

* August 10 – At the Bayer pharmaceutical company, pharmacist Felix Hoffmann successfully synthesizes acetylsalicylic acid, after isolating a compound from a plant of the Spiraea family; the company markets it under the brand name " Aspirin". *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
– The Olds Motor Vehicle Co. is founded in Lansing, Michigan, by Ransom E. Olds. * August 29 – The First Zionist Congress convenes in
Basel Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populo ...
, Switzerland. * August 31
Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February11, 1847October18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, ...
is granted a patent for the Kinetoscope, a precursor of the movie projector.


September

* September 1 – The Tremont Street subway is opened in Boston, Massachusetts. * September 10Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed immigrant miners in
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...
. * September 11 – After months of searching, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. * September 12Battle of Saragarhi: Twenty-one Sikhs of the 36th Sikhs regiment of the British Indian Army defend an army post to the death, against 10,000 Afghan and Orakzai tribesmen, in the Tirah Campaign on the Northwest frontier of the
British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...
(modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...
in
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
). * September 20 – Greece and Turkey sign a peace treaty to end the Greco-Turkish War. * September 21Francis P. Church responds (anonymously) to a letter to the editor of ''The Sun'' (New York City) that is known as the famous " Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" letter.


October

* October 5 – After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take Canudos in north Brazil, crushing Antônio Conselheiro and his followers. * October 6
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
adopts the tricolor flag: green is for the land, yellow for gold, and red is symbolic of strength and the blood shed. * October 12 ** The Korean Empire is proclaimed, marking the end of the
Joseon Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
dynasty after just over 500 years. ** The city of
Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
, Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilian planned city is completed successfully; an immigration of 1,000,000 people is estimated. ** (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since 1890, for several months of duty in the Hawaiian Islands. * October 13 – , a pre-dreadnought battleship of the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
, is launched at Portsmouth, England; she will be deployed widely in World War I. * October 23 – The Kappa Delta sorority is founded in Farmville,
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...
.


November

* November 1Juventus FC is founded as an
association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...
club in
Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...
. *
November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...
– Spain grants
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
autonomy.


December

* December 9 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper '' La Fronde'' is published by Marguerite Durand in Paris. * December 12 ** The comic strip '' The Katzenjammer Kids'' debuts in the '' New York Journal''. **
Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
, the first planned city in Brazil, is incorporated. * December 14Pact of Biak-na-Bato: The Philippine Revolution is settled, with Spanish promises to reform. * December 28 – The play '' Cyrano de Bergerac'', by Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris. * December 30Natal annexes Zululand.


Date unknown

* The first electric bicycle is invented. * Karl Lueger becomes
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
of
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
. * Zhejiang University is founded in China. * Émile Durkheim publishes his classic study '' Suicide''. * The pan-African anthem " Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") is composed as a Xhosa hymn by South African teacher Enoch Sontonga. * '' Dos Equis'' beer is first brewed in Mexico, in anticipation of the new century. "Dos equis" is Spanish for "two x", a reference to the 20th Century (XX in Roman numerals) * Alexander Scriabin publishes his Piano Sonata no. 2 "Sonata-Fantasia" in G sharp minor


Births


January–February

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
** Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961) ** Pola Negri, Polish-born American actress (d. 1987) *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
Ferenc Szálasi, 37th prime minister of Hungary (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...
Dennis Wheatley, English writer (d. 1977) *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
Georges Stuttler, French footballer (d.
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
) *
January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...
Hasso von Manteuffel, German general, politician (d. 1978) *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...
** Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian political leader, led the Indian National Army (d. 1945?) ** Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect, anti-Nazi activist (d. 2000) *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...
Yakov Alksnis, Soviet aviator, commander of the Red Army Air Forces (d.
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
) *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
Ivan Stedeford, British industrialist (d. 1975) *
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
Denise Robins, British romance novelist (d. 1985) *
February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1977) *
February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
Zakir Husain, Indian politician, 3rd President of India (d. 1969) *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
Charles Kingsford Smith, Australian aviator famous for his trans-Pacific flight (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
) * February 10 ** Judith Anderson, Australian-born British actress (d. 1992) ** John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985) *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
Elizabeth Rummel, German-Canadian mountaineer and environmental activist (d. 1980) *
February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...
Celia Lovsky, Austrian-born American actress (d.
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
) * February 25Peter Llewelyn Davies, British publisher, inspiration for Peter Pan (d. 1960) * February 27 ** Marian Anderson, African-American contralto (d. 1993) ** Ferdinand Heim, World War II German general (''Scapegoat of Stalingrad'') d. 1977)


March–April

* March 1Shoghi Effendi, Ottoman Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1957) * March 4Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player, restaurateur (d. 1969) * March 5Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960) * March 11Henry Cowell, American avant-garde composer (d. 1965) * March 16Flora Eldershaw, Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d.
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
) * March 18John Langdon-Davies, British writer (d. 1971) * March 19Betty Compson, American actress (d. 1974) * March 24Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychotherapist (d. 1957) * March 28 ** Frank Hawks, American aviator (d.
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
) ** Sepp Herberger, German football coach (d. 1977) * March 31Oto Iskandar di Nata, Indonesian politician (d. 1945) * April 7 ** Erich Löwenhardt, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1918) ** Walter Winchell, American broadcast journalist (d. 1972) * April 8Herbert Lumsden, British general (d. 1945) * April 10Prafulla Chandra Sen, Indian politician and Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1990) * April 13Werner Voss, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1917) * April 17Thornton Wilder, American dramatist (d. 1975) * April 19 ** Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese supercentenarian, world's longest lived man, last surviving man born in the 19th century and last surviving person born in 1897 (d. 2013) ** Vivienne Segal, American actress (d. 1992) * April 20Sudhakar Chaturvedi, Indian Vedic scholar and longevity claimant (d. 2020) *
April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...
A. W. Tozer, American Protestant pastor (d. 1963) * April 23Lester B. Pearson, 14th Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
(d. 1972) * April 24Manuel Ávila Camacho, Mexican general, politician, and 45th
President of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...
, 1940-1946 (d. 1955) * April 25Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, British princess (d. 1965) * April 26 ** Eddie Eagan, American boxer, bobsledder (d. 1967) ** Douglas Sirk, German film director (d. 1987)


May–June

* May 2John Frederick Coots, American songwriter (d. 1985) * May 4Phelps Phelps, 38th Governor of American Samoa, United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic (d. 1981) *
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
Einar Gerhardsen, 15th prime minister of Norway (d. 1987) * May 12Earle Nelson, American serial killer and rapist (d. 1928) * May 14Sidney Bechet, American-born jazz saxophonist (d. 1959) * May 17 ** Laura Bromwell, American stunt pilot (d. 1921) ** Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1981) * May 18
Frank Capra Frank Russell Capra (born Francesco Rosario Capra; May 18, 1897 – September 3, 1991) was an Italian-American film director, producer, and screenwriter who was the creative force behind Frank Capra filmography#Films that won Academy Award ...
, American film producer, director and writer (d. 1991) * May 19Frank Luke, American World War I pilot (d. 1918) * May 27John Cockcroft, English physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1967) * May 29Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (d. 1957) * June 2Tan Malaka, Indonesian teacher, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, guerilla and fighter (d.
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
) * June 5Charles Hartshorne, American philosopher, theologian and ornithologist (d. 2000) * June 7 ** Kirill Meretskov, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1968) ** George Szell, Hungarian conductor (d. 1970) * June 8 ** John G. Bennett, British mathematician (d. 1974) ** Mariano Suárez, 27th president of Ecuador (d. 1980) * June 10Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) * June 11Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian revolutionary ( H.R.A. founder) (d. 1927) * June 12Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1977) * June 13Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973) * June 16Georg Wittig, German chemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1987) * June 19 ** Cyril N. Hinshelwood, English chemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1967) ** Moe Howard, American comedian, actor (''The Three Stooges'') (d. 1975) *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. *168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...
** Norbert Elias, German sociologist (d. 1990) ** Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster, journalist (d. 1973) * June 24Daniel K. Ludwig, American businessman; billionaire philanthropist (d. 1992) *
June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...
Viola Dana, American actress (d. 1987)


July–August

* July 1Bert Schneider, Canadian boxer (d. 1986) * July 5Mogens Wöldike, Danish conductor (d. 1988) * July 9Albert Coady Wedemeyer, American general (d. 1989) * July 10John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936) * July 11Bull Connor, American civil rights opponent (d. 1973) * July 14Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai field marshal, prime minister, and dictator (d. 1964) * July 20Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1996) * July 24
Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( ; July 24, 1897 – January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer. On July 2, 1937, she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. During her li ...
, American aviator (d. 1937) *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...
James Fairbairn, Australian pastoralist, aviator, and politician (d. 1940) * July 29 – Sir Neil Ritchie, British WWII general (d. 1983) * August 4José Nucete Sardi, Venezuelan historian and diplomat (d. 1972)Mireya SOSA DE LEÓN: «Nucete Sardi, José». En
''Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela''
Venezuela: Fundación Empresas Polar, 1997. 980-6397-37-I.
* August 5Aksel Larsen, Danish politician (d. 1972) * August 10Jack Haley, American actor (d.
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
) * August 11Enid Blyton, British children's writer (d. 1968) * August 15Jane Ingham, English botanist and scientific translator (d. 1982) * August 16 ** Carlo Del Prete, Italian aviator (d. 1928) ** Hersch Lauterpacht, Ukrainian-born international lawyer (d. 1960) * August 22Elisabeth Bergner, Austrian actress (d. 1986) * August 26Yun Posun, 2nd president of South Korea (d. 1990) * August 31Fredric March, American actor (d. 1975)


September–October

* September 7Al Sherman, Russian-born American Tin Pan Alley songwriter (d. 1973) * September 8Jimmie Rodgers, American singer (d. 1933) * September 10Otto Strasser, German Nazi politician (d. 1974) * September 12Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d.
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
) * September 13Michel Saint-Denis, French-born actor, theatre director, drama theorist and radio broadcaster (d. 1971) * September 15Kurt Daluege, German Nazi officer, war criminal (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) * September 20Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 26th President of Brazil (d. 1967) * September 22 –  Frank O'Connor, American actor, rancher, and painter (d. 1979) * September 23Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984) * September 25
William Faulkner William Cuthbert Faulkner (; September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer. He is best known for William Faulkner bibliography, his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, a stand-in fo ...
, American writer,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1962) * September 26 ** Pope Paul VI (d. 1978) ** Arthur Rhys-Davids, British World War I fighter ace (d. 1917) * September 30Alfred Wintle, British army officer, eccentric (d. 1966) * October 3Louis Aragon, French author (d. 1982) * October 7Elijah Muhammad, African-American co-founder of the Nation of Islam (d. 1975) * October 8Rouben Mamoulian, Armenian-American film, theatre director (d. 1987) * October 15Johannes Sikkar, Estonian statesman (d. 1960) * October 20Yi Un, Korean Crown Prince (d. 1970) * October 28
Edith Head Edith Claire Head (née Posener, October 28, 1897 – October 24, 1981) was an American film costume designer who won a record eight Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Best Costume Design between 1949 and 1973, making he ...
, American costume designer (d. 1981) * October 29Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (d. 1945) * October 30Agustín Lara, Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros (d. 1970)


November–December

* November 4Dmitry Pavlov, Soviet general (d. 1941) * November 9Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1978) * November 12Milward Simpson, American politician, governor and senator from Wyoming (d. 1993) * November 15 ** Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, Bt, English author (d. 1988) ** Aneurin Bevan, Welsh politician (d. 1960) * November 18Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1974) * November 19Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of American President
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
, killed in action as fighter pilot (d. 1918) * November 23Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali author (d.
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
) * November 24Lucky Luciano, Sicilian-American Mafia boss ''Salvatore Lucania'' (d. 1962) * November 26Robert Accard, French footballer (d. 1971) * November 30Virginia Henderson, American nurse theorist (d. 1996) * December 2Dean Alfange, American politician (d. 1989) * December 5Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher, historian (d. 1982) * December 9Hermione Gingold, English actress (d. 1987) * December 14
Kurt Schuschnigg Kurt Alois Josef Johann von Schuschnigg (; 14 December 1897 – 18 November 1977) was an Austrian politician who was the Chancellor of Austria, Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from the 1934 assassination of his predecessor Engelbert D ...
, 11th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1977) * December 18Fletcher Henderson, American musician (d. 1952) * December 24Lazare Ponticelli, Italian-French supercentenarian; last surviving officially recognized French veteran of the First World War (d. 2008) * December 31Rhys Williams, Welsh actor (d. 1969)


Date unknown

* Abd-al Karim, Afghan emir (d. 1927) * Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai, Afghan revolutionary and decorated War Hero of the Afghan War of Independence (d. 1937)


Deaths


January–June

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
Joseph S. Skerrett, American admiral (b. 1833) *
January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...
Thomas Gwyn Elger, English astronomer (b. 1836) *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
Albion P. Howe, Union Army general (b. 1818) *
January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...
Robert Themptander, 4th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1844) *
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
Jeanne Merkus, Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier and political activist (b. 1839) *
February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain, ornithologist (b. 1836) * February 15Dimitrie Ghica, 10th prime minister of Romania (b. 1816) * February 17Edmund Colhoun, American admiral (b. 1821) *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (b. 1815) * March 6Sir Thomas Elder, Australian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1818) * March 9Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani, Iranian teacher, writer (b. 1838) * March 10Savitribai Phule, Indian social reformer and poet (b. 1831) * March 11Henry Drummond, Scottish evangelical writer, lecturer (b. 1851) * March 19Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-born traveler (b. 1810) * April 1Jandamarra, Australian Aboriginal insurrectionist (b. c. 1873) * April 3
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period (music), Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, oft ...
, German composer (b. 1833) * April 8Heinrich von Stephan, German postal director (b. 1831) * April 10Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1851) * April 30A. Viola Neblett, American activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer (b. 1842) * May 3Sir Frederick Knight, British politician (b. 1812) * May 4Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (b. 1847) * May 7 ** Ion Ghica, 3-time prime minister of Romania (b. 1816) ** Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale (b. 1822) *
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
Andrés Bonifacio, Filipino revolutionary (b. 1863) * May 12Minna Canth, Finnish writer and social activist (b. 1844) * May 21Gregorio Luperón, Dominican revolutionary leader (b. 1839) * May 23Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, Indian rajah (b. 1850) * June 17Sebastian Kneipp, German priest and naturopath (b. 1821) * June 19Louis Brière de l'Isle, French general (b. 1827)


July–December

* July 1Ropata Wahawaha, New Zealand Māori military leader (b. c.1820) * July 6 ** Tommy Burns, English diver (b. 1867 or 1868) ** Celia Barrios de Reyna, First Mother of the Nation of Guatemala (b. 1834) * August 8 ** Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, incumbent Prime Minister of Spain and historian (assassinated) (b.
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
) ** Viktor Meyer, German chemist (b. 1848) * August 17Sir William Jervois, British military engineer and diplomat (b. 1821) * August 24 **
Sébastien Lespès Sébastien-Nicolas-Joachim Lespès (; 13 March 1828 – 24 August 1897) was a French admiral who played an important role in naval operations during the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885), as second-in-command of Admiral Amédée Courbet' ...
, French admiral (b.
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
) ** Mutsu Munemitsu, Japanese statesman, diplomat (b. 1844) * August 31Louisa Lane Drew, English-born American actress, theater manager (b. 1820) * September 9 ** Richard Holt Hutton, English writer, theologian (b. 1826) ** Ferenc Pulszky, Hungarian politician (b. 1814) * September 20Louis Pierre Mouillard, French artist and aviation pioneer (b. 1834) * September 21Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (b. 1819) * September 27 ** Charles-Denis Bourbaki, French military leader (b. 1816) ** George M. Robeson, American politician (b. 1829) * September 30 – Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, French
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
and Discalced Carmelite nun, saint (b. 1873) * October 2Edward Maitland, British writer (b. 1824) * October 3Yamaji Motoharu, Japanese general (b. 1841) * October 9 ** John M. B. Clitz, American admiral (b. 1821) ** Jan Heemskerk, Dutch politician, 16th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818) * October 13William Daniel, American temperance movement leader (b. 1826) * October 19George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831) * October 26John J. Robison, American politician in Michigan (b. 1824) * October 27 ** Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (b. 1833) ** , Chilean politician (b. 1847) ** Alexander Milton Ross, Canadian abolitionist, naturalist (b. 1832) * October 28Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead, British colonial governor (b. 1824) * October 29Henry George, American economist (b. 1839) * November – Francisco Gonzalo Marín, Cuban poet, freedom fighter (b. 1863) * November 3Thomas Lanier Clingman, American "Prince of Politicians" (b. 1812) * November 13Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (b. 1835) * November 15Lucinda Barbour Helm, American women's religious activist (b. 1839) * November 17George Hendric Houghton, American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b. 1820) * November 18Sir Henry Doulton, English pottery manufacturer (b. 1820) * November 19William Seymour Tyler, American educator, historian (b. 1810) * November 23Étienne Stéphane Tarnier, French obstetrician (b.
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
) * December 14Robert Simpson, Scottish-Canadian businessman (b. 1834) * December 16Alphonse Daudet, French writer (b. 1840) * December 19Stanislas de Guaita, French poet (b. 1861) * December 28William Corby, American Catholic priest (b. 1833)


Date unknown

* Isidora Goyenechea, Chilean industrialist, mine owner (b. 1836)


References


Further reading


''1897 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1898)
highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1897; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 824 pp {{DEFAULTSORT:1897