Большая российская энциклопедия (издательство)
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The ''Great Russian Encyclopedia'' (''GRE''; , БРЭ,
transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...
as ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' or academically as ''Bol'šaja rossijskaja ènciklopedija'') is a universal
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
n
encyclopedia An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into article (publishing), articles or entries that are arranged Alp ...
, completed in 36 volumes, published between 2004 and 2017 by Great Russian Encyclopedia, JSC (,
transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...
as ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya PAO''). A successor to the ''
Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Enc ...
'', it was released under the auspices of the
Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...
(RAS) after
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...
signed a
presidential decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative laws, or customary l ...
№1156 in 2002. The complete edition was released by 2017. The chief editor of the encyclopedia was
Yury Osipov Yury Sergeyevich Osipov (; born 7 July 1936) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1987 and was a president of its successor, the Russian Academy of Sciences from 17 ...
, the president of the RAS. The editorial board had more than 80 RAS members. The first, introductory volume, released in 2004, was dedicated to
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. Thirty-five volumes were released between 2005 and 2017, covering the range from "A" to " Яя" (''Yaya''). The RAS plans to publish an updated version every five years, although it may not be issued in print after the first edition. On 17 June 2024 the project was suspended due to discontinued funding from the Russian government and by October 2024, its materials are being transferred to Ruwiki.


Personnel and management


Editorial board

Yury Osipov Yury Sergeyevich Osipov (; born 7 July 1936) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1987 and was a president of its successor, the Russian Academy of Sciences from 17 ...
, a
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
, President of RAS (1991-2013), is the ''GRE'' Editor in Chief and Chairman of the Scientific Editorial Board. Managing editor is ,
journalist A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public. This is called journalism. Roles Journalists can work in broadcast, print, advertis ...
,
editor Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, a ...
and cultural figure. Also in the scientific editorial board are or were: * RAS Academics: Sergey S. Averintsev, Eugene N. Avrorin, Sergei I. Adian, , Zhores I. Alferov, , Alexander F. Andreev, , Dmitry V. Anosov, Vladimir I. Arnold, , Nikolai Bahvalov, , Alexander A. Boyarchuk,
Evgeny Velikhov Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov (; 2 February 1935 – 5 December 2024) was a Russian physicist and scientific leader. His scientific interests included plasma physics, lasers, controlled nuclear fusion, power engineering, and magnetohydrodynamics ( ...
, , , Eric M. Galimov, , Mikhail L. Gasparov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Georgy S. Golitsyn, , , , , , , Yuri I. Zhuravlev, , , Viktor P. Ivannikov, , , , , , Sergei P. Karpov, , , , , , , , , , , , , Gennady A. Mesyats, , , Sergey P. Novikov, Yuri S. Osipov, , , , , Yuri V. Prokhorov, , , Alexander Y. Rumyantsev, , , Victor A. Sadovnichii, , Alexander S. Spirin, Yuri S. Stepanov, Vyacheslav S. Stepin, Michael L. Titarenko, Valery A. Tishkov, Yuri D. Tretyakov, Kliment N. Trubetskoy, Oleg H. Favorsky, Ludvig D. Faddeev, Vladimir Ye. Fortov, Konstantin V. Frolov, Yuri I. Chernov, Gorimir G. Chernii, Alexander O. Chubarian, Vitaly D. Shafranov, Sergey V. Shestakov, Dmitry V. Shirkov. * RAS Corresponding Members: Boris A. Babayan, Vladimir I. Vasiliev, Piama P. Gaidenko, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Michael V. Kovalchuk, Nikolai I. Lapin, Sergey S. Lappo, Alexey V. Yablokov. * Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Academician: Vladimir I. Fisinin. *
Russian Academy of Arts Russian Academy of Arts (RAA / rus. РАХ, Росси́йская акаде́мия худо́жеств) is the State scientific Institution of Russian Federation, eligible heir to the USSR Academy of Arts. A founder of RAA is the Governmen ...
Academician: Dmitry O. Shvidkovskiy. * Russian Federation Statesmen: : Aleksandr A. Avdeyev (Culture Minister in 2008–2012), : Andrei A. Fursenko (Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in 2004–2012), : Andrei A. Kokoshin (Secretary of the Russian Security Council in 1998), : Sergey E. Naryshkin (Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation in 2008–2011, Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation since 2011), : Alexander S. Sokolov (musicologist, Culture Minister in 2004-2008), : Sergey K. Shoigu (Minister of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in 1994–2012, Defense Minister from 2012), : Mikhail E. Shvydkoi (Culture Minister in 2000–2004), : Alexander D. Zhukov (Deputy Prime Minister in 2004–2011). * and also: Alexei D. Bogaturov, Sergey V. Chemezov, Vladimir V. Grigoriev, Alexei I. Komech, Vladimir A. Mau, D. L. Orlov.


Edition summary

Publication schedule and contents of volumes:


Electronic version

In 2022, an electronic version, the was launched at , described as a Russian government alternative to
Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free content, free Online content, online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and La ...
. Some assumed that this will be associated with blocking Wikipedia or competing with it, however Russian officials disavowed this claim.


Criticism

While it was widely recognized that the ''
Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Enc ...
'' needed a replacement, the need for a print encyclopedia has been questioned, since many other analogues have now moved online, such as the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica The is a general knowledge, general-knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It has been published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1768, although the company has changed ownership seven times. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, ...
'' and the ''
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie The ( German for ''Brockhaus Encyclopedia'') is a German-language encyclopedia which until 2009 was published by the F. A. Brockhaus printing house. The first edition originated in the '' Conversations-Lexikon'' published by Renatus Gotthelf ...
''. Critics complain that many of the biographies, historical entries, and cultural articles are narrow and biased: according to writer and literary critic , several of the articles are "quite superficial" and "the lists of references at the end were often extremely biased". While admitting that some of the articles in the encyclopedia were "excellent", Podosokorsky still stated that he maintained a generally negative view of the project.


References


External links

*
Online portal
{{in lang, ru 2004 non-fiction books Russian-language encyclopedias Russian encyclopedias 21st-century encyclopedias