Sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...

Hasan ibn Sheikh ‘Adī II () is a holy and historical figure who is revered in

Yazidism Yazidism, also known as Sharfadin, is a Monotheism, monotheistic ethnic religion which has roots in Ancient Iranian religion, pre-Zoroastrian Iranian religion, directly derived from the Indo-Iranians, Indo-Iranian tradition. Its followers, ca ...

and considered the physical or earthly incarnation of Melik Şêxsin, one of the Seven Divine Beings to whom God assigned the World's affairs. Melik Şêxsin is associated with the Pen and consequently with writing and books, he is thus called Xudanê Qelemê (The Master of the Pen). Adani Sheikhs are the descendants of Sheikh Hasan and were traditionally the only ones in

Yazidi society Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (; ), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The majority of Yazidis remaining in t ...

that had the privilege to acquire the art of writing and reading.

Historical biography

Şêx Hesen was the son of Sheikh Adi II, who was the son of Abu Sakhr ibn Barakat. The

Yazidis Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (; ), are a Kurdish languages, Kurdish-speaking Endogamy, endogamous religious group indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The major ...

enjoyed a widespread geographical and political authority during the reign of Şêx Hesen and under his term of office, traditional Kurdish beliefs and myths began to reassert themselves as part of the local religious tradition and eventually became an integral part of the community's culture. More significantly, the growing political influence of Şêx Hesen and the

Adawiyya Adawiyya (; ), also pejoratively known as Yazidiyya (; ), was a Sunni Sufi order founded by Adi ibn Musafir in Kurdistan. Adawiyya was a syncretic and heterodox sect, heavily influenced by Pre-Islamic religions. It later evolved into Yazidism. O ...

community which was dominated by local

Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

led to unease amongst their neighbors. The result of this was a crackdown on the community, and under the order of the

Atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the ti ...

Mosul Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghdad. Situated on the banks of Tigris, the city encloses the ruins of the ...

Badr al-Din Lu'lu' Badr al-Din Lu'lu' () (-1259) (the name Lu'Lu' means 'The Pearl', indicative of his servile origins) was successor to the Zengid emirs of Mosul, where he governed in variety of capacities from 1234 to 1259 following the death of Nasir ad-Din Mah ...

, Şêx Hesen and two hundred of his followers were executed. The execution of Şêx Hesen marked the beginning of a huge military campaign against the

in 652 AH/1254 CE. The forces of Badr al-Din Luʾluʾ entered the temple of

Lalish Lalish (, also known as Lalişa Nûranî) is a mountain valley and temple located in the Nineveh Plains, Iraq. It is the holiest temple of the Yazidis. It is the location of the tomb of the Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a central figure of the Yazidi ...

, had the bones of

Sheikh Adi Adi ibn Musafir (, ; born 1072–1078, died 1162) was a Sunni Muslim sheikh who founded the Adawiyya order. He is also considered a Yazidi saint. The Yazidis consider him as an avatar of Tawûsî Melek, which means "Peacock Angel". His tomb at L ...

exhumed and burned. They crucified and killed the captive Yazidis whom they found in the temple. In response, Yazidis regained control of Hakkari and the

Bahdinan The Bahdinan (or Badinan) was one of the most powerful and enduring Kurdish emirates. It was founded by ''Baha-al-Din'' originally from '' Şemzînan'' area in Hakkari in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. The capital of this emirate was ...

region which included Dasin Mount, from Badr al-Din's forces during the reign of Şêx Hesen's successor, Sharfadin. However, this triumph was short-lived, as Sharfadin was killed by the invading

Mongols Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China ( Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family o ...

in 652 AH/ 1257 CE.

Works

* The Book of Illumination for the People of Solitude

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh Hasan ibn Sheikh Adi II Adawiyya Sufi Order Year of birth unknown Yazidi mythology Yazidi holy figures Scribes